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Chapter 2 lesson 4 social studies

The early dynasties that ruled along China's major rivers shaped Chinese civilization. They introduced core ideas about government and society that still influence Chinese culture today. Key terms include loess soil, oracle bones used for divination, the Mandate of Heaven which justified royal authority, and the dynastic cycle of rise and fall of ruling houses. The early dynasties established social hierarchies and emphasized family and community over the individual.

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River Dynasties in China
Main Idea Power and authority. The early rulers introduced ideas about government and society that shaped Chinese civilization. Why it matters . The culture that took root during ancient times still affects Chinese ways of life today. Terms and names : loess, oracle bone, Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle, feudalism.
loess A fertile deposit of windblown soil.
Oracle bone One of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chines priests to communicate with the gods.
Mandate of Heaven In Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.
Dynastic cycle The historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.
Feudalism A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.
Outline Environment: Huang He flooding unpredictable. Natural barriers: mountains and deserts. Geographically isolated. Power and authority: Community and family important. Sharp social divisions. Mandate of Heaven. Science and Technology: Writing Silk Coin money and cast iron.
Assessment Which event do you think was a turning point in Chinese history? About 2,000 B.C- First Chinese cities built. 1700 B.C-Shang come to power. (turning point because of cultural innovations. 1027 B.C.-Zhou come to power. 771 B.C.- Zhou Dynasty collapses.
3. Between which two rivers is the heartland of China found? Huang He and Chang Jiang.
Cont… 4. What family obligations did a Chenese person have? To respect and obey elders; women were to obey male relatives. 5. How is the dynastic cycle connected to the Mandate of Heaven? The Mandate of Heaven explained why events in the dynastic cycle happened .
Cont… 6. What are the benefits and drawbacks of the belief that the group was more important than the individual? Benefits – Parents respected, strength in numbers. Drawbacks – Individuals less importante, few rights for women.
Cont… 7. How did the social classes in Shang society differ from those in Egyptian Society? Both had small upper class and larger lower class; Chinese rulers warrior-kings; Egypt’s considered gods; artisans and peasant classes similar.
Cont… 8. Do you think that the Zhou Dynasty’s downfall resulted from its method of control? Why or why not? Yes – Great distance between ruler and ruled, greedy lords, chaotic warfare. No – Zhou ruled 300 years, downfall caused by invaders, not feudalism.
… If you want to learn about Chinese dragons’ legends… carry on!
Ancient China These mythical creatures had and whiskers. a camel head, a snake neck, fish scales, eagle claws, tiger paws, ox ears, deer horns,
Wood Dragons Legend says …. Wood dragons are brown. They are not as selfish as the other dragons. They share well. They guard the forest. They are imaginative and curious, and come up with brilliant new ideas.
Fire Dragons Legend says …. Fire dragons are red. They guard the wind, fire, lightning and sky. These dragons are the most outgoing and short-tempered.
Earth Dragons Legend says … Earth dragons are green. They guard the earth, the crops, and the mountains. They know the value of cooperation.
Metal Dragons Legend says …. Metal dragons are gold. They guard metals and precious gems. These dragons succeed because they refuse to accept failure. They have little caring for the feeling of others. These dragons are quite selfish.
Water Dragons Legend says …. Water dragons are blue . They guard rivers, rain, wells, and water. They get along well with people. They know how to accept defeat and how to rebuild.
Discussion Question: Do magical dragons really exist? Did they ever exist? Answer: Nope. Dragons are mythical creatures. They exist only in myth and imagination.