CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS.pptx GRADE 7 CELL CYCLE

THE CELL CYCLE
UNDERSTANDING HOW CELLS
GROW AND DIVIDE

What if your hair never
grew back after a
haircut?
Hair grows by producing new cells at the
root to replace old ones.
Why do you think your body needs to
constantly produce new cells? List at
least 3 reasons.

Lesson
Objective
s Define the cell cycle.
By the end of this lesson, you
will:
Explain the sequence of events in
the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Identify and describe the key phases
of mitosis.
Differentiate between cytokinesis in
plant and animal cells.

TERMINOLOGIES
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the
development, functioning, and reproduction of nearly all
living organisms.
Spindle fibers - networks of microtubules that form the
spindle apparatus during eukaryotic cell division (mitosis
and meiosis)
Centromere - the constricted region on a chromosome
where the two identical sister chromatids join together after
DNA replication and where spindle fibers attach during cell
division (mitosis and meiosis).

Chromatids vs. Chromosome
A chromosome is the fundamental package of DNA in a cell,
while a chromatid is one of the two identical copies of a
replicated chromosome that are held together by a
centromere.

THE CELL CYCLE
This process describes how eukaryotic cells
grow, replicate their DNA, and divide.
There are two main parts:
Interphase
M-phase
(Cell growth & DNA Replication)
(Cell division)

PARTS OF THE CELL CYCLE
Interphase
M-phase
This is the longest
phase of the cell
cycle, where the cell
grows and prepares
for division.
This is the phase
where cell division
occurs.
By the end, two
daughter cells are
formed and the
cycle starts again.
It is divided into:
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

Checkpoint
G1 PHASE THE GROWTH PHASE
What happens?
The cell grows in size, producing proteins and
organelles essential for the next stages of the
cell cycle.
It ensures the cell is large enough, has
sufficient energy, and is ready to begin DNA
replication.
01

Checkpoint
S PHASE DNA REPLICATION
What happens?
The cell duplicates its DNA, creating two
identical copies of each chromosome.
It verifies that DNA replication is complete and
checks for any errors in the newly synthesized
DNA.
02

G2 PHASE QUALITY CONTROL
The cell continues to grow and synthesizes
molecules like microtubules needed for
division.
It detects and repairs DNA damage, ensuring
the cell is ready to proceed to mitosis.
03 Checkpoint
What happens?

M PHASE CELL DIVISION
The cell enters the final stage of its cycle to
divide and form two new daughter cells.
Mitosis: The nucleus divides into two identical
nuclei.
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm splits, resulting in
two separate daughter cells.
04 Components
What happens?

Check for
Understanding
WHAT COULD HAPPEN IF THE
DNA DOESN’T COPY
ACCURATELY DURING THE S
PHASE?
Write down your thoughts on what
might happen if DNA replication goes
wrong. Pair up with a partner to share
and compare your ideas.

Check for
Understanding
WHAT COULD HAPPEN IF THE
DNA DOESN’T COPY
ACCURATELY DURING THE S
PHASE?
If the DNA isn't copied properly, the
daughter cells could end up with missing
or extra genetic material.
This could cause conditions like Down
syndrome or other genetic disorders.

MITOSIS
This process shows how a cell’s
nucleus divides, ensuring that each
new cell receives an identical set of
chromosomes.

PROPHAS
E
SETTING THE STAGE
Chromosomes condense and
become visible.
Nuclear envelope dissolves.
Spindle fibers begin to form.
0
1
Key Events:

METAPHASE
THE LINEUP
Chromosomes align at the cell’s
equatorial plane.
Spindle fibers attach to
centromeres.
0
2
Key Events:

ANAPHASE
THE SEPARATION
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
to opposite poles by spindle fibers.
Each chromatid is now considered
an individual chromosome.
0
3
Key Events:

TELOPHASE
RECONSTRUCTION
Chromosomes decondense into
chromatin.
Nuclear envelopes reform around
the two nuclei.
0
4
Key Events:

CYTOKINESIS
The cytoplasm divides as the cell membrane
pinches inwards, eventually separating the
cell into two daughter cells.
Each daughter cell receives a full set of
organelles and a nucleus, completing the
division process.
THE FINAL DIVIDE

Drag and drop the statements to the True or False box.
Reflect on your answers and explain your reasoning.
TRUE FALSE
Interphase is the shortest
phase of the cell cycle.
Mitosis results in the formation of
two identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis happens after mitosis
to complete cell division.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
at the metaphase stage.
During the G1 phase, the cell's DNA
is replicated.
The M-phase is where cell division
occurs.
LET’S REVIEW!

RECAP!
WHAT IS THE CELL
CYCLE?
It is a series of events that cells
go through as they grow,
replicate their DNA, and divide
into two new cells.
Interphase
S Phase
M-Phase
It is divided into:
Interphase
M-phase
(Cell growth & DNA Replication)
(Cell division)
Mitosis
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
The cells grows and carries out
normal functions.
DNA is replicated.
The cell prepares for division.
Cytokinesis
The nucleus divides into two identical
nuclei through four stages.
The cytoplasm divides, completing the
creation of two daughter cells.

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CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS.pptx GRADE 7 CELL CYCLE

CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS.pptx GRADE 7 CELL CYCLE

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CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS.pptx GRADE 7 CELL CYCLE