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Canine sarcocystis,sarcocystosis

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Sabal Pokharel

Sarcocystis is a protozoan parasite with an indirect life cycle involving intermediate and definitive hosts. It causes sarcocystosis by invading muscles and soft tissues. Cysts vary in size depending on species and host. Transmission occurs via ingestion of infected meat or feces. Most infections are asymptomatic but some causes diarrhea, weight loss, and muscle pain. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of feces or tissues. No definitive treatment exists but some drugs may help. Control relies on sanitation, separating intermediate and definitive hosts, and avoiding raw meat feeding.

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Canine Sarcocystis,Sarcocystosis Prepared By Sabal Pokharel
Major Outlines • Introduction on Sarcocystis • Morphology • Life cycle • Clinical signs • Treatment • Control • Diagnosis • National and International review
Introduction • Sarcocystis ,protozoan genus of parasites, majority of species infecting mammals and some infecting reptiles and birds • Disease caused by it , called Sarcocystosis • Also called rice breast disease in duck • Occurs in endothelium,muscles and soft tissues by invasion
Classification Lankester,1882
Geographical distribution • are parasite which live in number of hosts, distribution is wide, varied and infect animal worldwide. • Most prominent cases are observed in North america South africa Australia canada
Major species
Hosts
Morphology • Cysts vary in size from few micrometers to cm depending upon host and species • Either microscopic or macroscopic • Macro-sarcocysts-filamentous,granular,spindle or rice grain • Micro-sarcocysts-long &narrow to short and wide(0.5mm- 5.0mm) • Tropozoites – banana shaped
Modes of Transmission • Transmission from animal to animal incompletely understood • Transmitted via ingestion of flesh containing sarcocysts(bradyzoites) • Ingesting infected faeces
Life cycle • Indirect • Intermediate host-usually herbivores- schizonts(tachyzoites) in endothelial cell of blood vessels of kidney and brain,Later cysts containing (bradyzoites and metrocytes) are formed in muscles • Definitive Host or Final host:usually carnivores -sporocysts develop in small intestines
Develop into typical sporocyst(containing bradyzoites) Invade muscle fibre Merozoites Schizonts in vascular endothelium Schizonts(tachyzoites) Sporozoites Ingestion of sporocyst/oocyst by IM host Final host begin to shed infective sporocyst in the feces Muscle tissue contain sarcocystis cysts(bradyzoites) Ingestion by final host
Canine sarcocystis,sarcocystosis
Signs and symptoms • Nonfatal ,usually asymptomatic infection • Lack of appetite • Weight loss • Diarrhoea, potentially bloody diarrhea • Dehydration • Depression • Paralysis • Muscle pain • Myositis (inflammation with the muscle) • Muscle atrophy (muscle wasting)
Diagnosis • Sarcocystis organisms can be seen in the feces on microscopic fecal examination and macrocysts can be seen visually on muscle • organism on histopathology in tissues such as the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, brain and/or muscle.(stain =Periodic Acid Sciff) • ELISA based on antigens from merozoites • Indirect HA test
Canine sarcocystis,sarcocystosis
Treatment • no definitive treatment for sarcocystosis exists. • Treatments such as Cotimoxazole or Primaquine may be tried if sarcocystosis is suspected or diagnosed. • Both of these drugs are appear to be logical but not proven choice till present.
Treatment • Amprolium-100mg/kg bwt s.i.d in calves and sheep has been effective • Salinomycin-4mg/kg bwt s.i.d for 30 days • Oxytetracycine at high dose rates has been effective in acute infection
Control • Vaccine are not available till date • Good sanitation and hygiene maintenance • Proper slaughter house management • Reduce contact among intermediate and definitive host • Avoid feeding raw meat, offal or dead animals to canine feline
Literature review • National - Studies on prevalence of zoonotic important protozoan parasite Sarcocytis spp. In Nepal (Rana HB and prof. Dr.Manandhar K.D ,2016)
• International -Detection of Sarcocytis spp. In cattle (Bos taurus)and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)in Iran by PCR- RFLP( Hamidinejat et al.,2015) -Occurrence of Sarcocystis cruzi in cattle of Santa Catarina,Brazil (Marques et al.,2018) -Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp.infection in animals saughtered for food in Lithuania(Butkaukas et al., 2019)
Conclusion • Sarcocytis is a protozoan parasite that has indirect life cycle found in muscles of intermediate host and intestines of final host ,Avoiding contact between them would be prior method to control Sarcocytis .
REFERENCES • https://doi.org/10.17221/151/2017-VETMED • ISSN:2362-1303(Paper) eISSN:2362- 1311(online) • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4105 • Savini,G. et al.(1997) Prev. Vet. Med • Images from – instagram @meatinspection Dr. Mirjalal Seyedrasouli www.images.google.com
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Canine sarcocystis,sarcocystosis

  • 2. Major Outlines • Introduction on Sarcocystis • Morphology • Life cycle • Clinical signs • Treatment • Control • Diagnosis • National and International review
  • 3. Introduction • Sarcocystis ,protozoan genus of parasites, majority of species infecting mammals and some infecting reptiles and birds • Disease caused by it , called Sarcocystosis • Also called rice breast disease in duck • Occurs in endothelium,muscles and soft tissues by invasion
  • 5. Geographical distribution • are parasite which live in number of hosts, distribution is wide, varied and infect animal worldwide. • Most prominent cases are observed in North america South africa Australia canada
  • 8. Morphology • Cysts vary in size from few micrometers to cm depending upon host and species • Either microscopic or macroscopic • Macro-sarcocysts-filamentous,granular,spindle or rice grain • Micro-sarcocysts-long &narrow to short and wide(0.5mm- 5.0mm) • Tropozoites – banana shaped
  • 9. Modes of Transmission • Transmission from animal to animal incompletely understood • Transmitted via ingestion of flesh containing sarcocysts(bradyzoites) • Ingesting infected faeces
  • 10. Life cycle • Indirect • Intermediate host-usually herbivores- schizonts(tachyzoites) in endothelial cell of blood vessels of kidney and brain,Later cysts containing (bradyzoites and metrocytes) are formed in muscles • Definitive Host or Final host:usually carnivores -sporocysts develop in small intestines
  • 11. Develop into typical sporocyst(containing bradyzoites) Invade muscle fibre Merozoites Schizonts in vascular endothelium Schizonts(tachyzoites) Sporozoites Ingestion of sporocyst/oocyst by IM host Final host begin to shed infective sporocyst in the feces Muscle tissue contain sarcocystis cysts(bradyzoites) Ingestion by final host
  • 13. Signs and symptoms • Nonfatal ,usually asymptomatic infection • Lack of appetite • Weight loss • Diarrhoea, potentially bloody diarrhea • Dehydration • Depression • Paralysis • Muscle pain • Myositis (inflammation with the muscle) • Muscle atrophy (muscle wasting)
  • 14. Diagnosis • Sarcocystis organisms can be seen in the feces on microscopic fecal examination and macrocysts can be seen visually on muscle • organism on histopathology in tissues such as the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, brain and/or muscle.(stain =Periodic Acid Sciff) • ELISA based on antigens from merozoites • Indirect HA test
  • 16. Treatment • no definitive treatment for sarcocystosis exists. • Treatments such as Cotimoxazole or Primaquine may be tried if sarcocystosis is suspected or diagnosed. • Both of these drugs are appear to be logical but not proven choice till present.
  • 17. Treatment • Amprolium-100mg/kg bwt s.i.d in calves and sheep has been effective • Salinomycin-4mg/kg bwt s.i.d for 30 days • Oxytetracycine at high dose rates has been effective in acute infection
  • 18. Control • Vaccine are not available till date • Good sanitation and hygiene maintenance • Proper slaughter house management • Reduce contact among intermediate and definitive host • Avoid feeding raw meat, offal or dead animals to canine feline
  • 19. Literature review • National - Studies on prevalence of zoonotic important protozoan parasite Sarcocytis spp. In Nepal (Rana HB and prof. Dr.Manandhar K.D ,2016)
  • 20. • International -Detection of Sarcocytis spp. In cattle (Bos taurus)and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)in Iran by PCR- RFLP( Hamidinejat et al.,2015) -Occurrence of Sarcocystis cruzi in cattle of Santa Catarina,Brazil (Marques et al.,2018) -Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp.infection in animals saughtered for food in Lithuania(Butkaukas et al., 2019)
  • 21. Conclusion • Sarcocytis is a protozoan parasite that has indirect life cycle found in muscles of intermediate host and intestines of final host ,Avoiding contact between them would be prior method to control Sarcocytis .
  • 22. REFERENCES • https://doi.org/10.17221/151/2017-VETMED • ISSN:2362-1303(Paper) eISSN:2362- 1311(online) • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4105 • Savini,G. et al.(1997) Prev. Vet. Med • Images from – instagram @meatinspection Dr. Mirjalal Seyedrasouli www.images.google.com

Editor's Notes

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