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Uploaded byAdarsha Neupane
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Blood - Compositions, Physical Characteristics and Functions

Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is mostly water containing dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, and electrolytes. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and lack nuclei. White blood cells form the immune system. Platelets initiate blood clotting in response to injury. The main functions of blood are transport, defense against infection, osmotic balance, respiration, temperature regulation, nutrient storage, and pH buffering.

Health & Medicine◦
Blood • Compositions • Physical Characteristics • Functions
INTRODUCTION Blood is a fluid connective tissue that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
BLOOD PLASMA • Blood plasma is a yellowish colored liquid component of blood • Holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension • It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. • It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume) • Contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) , glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes, hormones, carbon dioxide and oxygen. • Blood serum is blood fluid without clotting factors.
Blood protein Normal level % Function Albumins 3.5-5.0 g/dl 58% create and maintain oncotic pressure; transport insoluble molecules Globulins 2.0-2.5 g/dl 38% participate in immune system Fibrinogen 0.2-0.45 g/dl 4% Blood coagulation Regulatory proteins <1% Regulation of gene expression Clotting factors <1% Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin PLASMA PROTEIN Examples of specific blood proteins: Transferrin C-reactive protein(CRP) Hemopexin Transthyretin Prothrombin Gamma globulins Ceruloplasmin Haptoglobin
BLOOD CELLS • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets
RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) • Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes • RBC Count= 4.5-5.4 million per cc • Formed by the process of erythropoesis • Life Span=120 days • The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron- containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells. • In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles.
WHITE BLOOD CELL(WBC) • White blood cells (WBCs), also called leucocytes. • WBC Count=4,000-11,000 per cc • Formed by process of leucopoesis • Life span varies with types • The cells of the immune system. • All white blood cells have nuclei, which distinguishes them from the other blood cells.
PLATELETS • Platelets, also called thrombocytes. • Platelets count=1.5-4.5 lakhs per cc • Formed by the process thrombopoesis • Life span=7days • React to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
Functions of Blood 1. Transport 2. Defensive 3. Osmotic 4. Respiratory 5. Thermoregulatory 6. Storage 7. Blood buffer
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