The document contains various problems related to profit and loss calculations for shopkeepers, including scenarios of discounts, selling prices, and false weights. It provides step-by-step solutions to determining profit percentages, loss percentages, and necessary quantities for achieving desired profit margins. Additionally, it illustrates the calculations using cost price, selling price, and discounts while emphasizing the importance of quantity in profit determination.

1. Profit & Loss

2. 1. A Shopkeeper allows a discount of 20% and sells an article for 600/- to
get a profit of 20%. What is his profit % if he doesn’t allow any discount?
2. A Shopkeeper sells 48 mangoes for 270/- and gets a loss of 10%. How
many mangoes should he sell for 280/- to get a profit of 40%?
3. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 750gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 20% above the cost
price?
4. A Shopkeeper purchases lemons at the rate of 20lemons/5rs. How many
lemons should he sell for 10/- to get a profit of 25% ?
5. A Shopkeeper sells an article and gets a profit of 20%. If he buys it at
20% less and sells it for 120/- less. Is still gets a profit of 20% ? Find the
original cost price of article?

3. • Discount = 100
• Marked Price = Selling Price + Discount
Basics:
• MP – Marked Price or MRP or List Price
• CP – Cost Price
• SP – Selling Price
• D – Discount
• P - Profit
• L – Loss

4.  A Shop Keeper sells an article and gets a profit of 25%
P = 25% of CP
If CP = 100 then P =25, SP = 125
Therefore SP = 125% of CP
 A Shop Keeper sells an article and gets a loss of 25%
L = 25% of CP
If CP = 100 then L =25, SP = 75
Therefore SP = 75% of CP
 A Shop Keeper sells an article after giving a discount of 25%
D = 25% of MP
If MP = 100 then D =25, SP = 75
Therefore SP = 75% of MP

5. 1. A Shopkeeper allows a discount of 20% and sells an article for
600/- to get a profit of 20%. What is his profit % if he doesn’t allow
any discount?
Ans :
D = 20% of MP P = 20% of CP
 SP = 80% of MP SP = 120% of CP
 80% of MP = 600 120% of CP = 600
 100% of MP = 750 100% of CP = 500
Therefore MP = 750
If D = 0, SP = MP = 750 => Profit = 750 – 500 = 250
%Profit = 100 = 50%
80 % = 600
100% = 750
120 % = 600
100 % = 500
%Profit = 50%

6. %Profit = 50%
Doing the same question in 10 sec :
D = 20% of MP P = 20% of CP
 80% of MP = SP = 120% of CP
 100% of MP = SP = 150% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 50%
80 = 120
100 = 150

7. A Shopkeeper sells 48 mangoes for 270/- and gets a loss of 10%. How
many mangoes should he sell for 280/- to get a profit of 40%?
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 48 mangoes to get 40% profit
L = 10% of CP
 SP = 90% of CP = 270
 100% of CP = CP = 300
 140% of CP = 420
Therefore SP for 48 mangoes at 40% profit = 420
For 420 - 48 mangoes
280 - ?
90 % = 270
100% = 300
420 = 48
280 = 32
Number of mangoes = 32
2.

8. Note :
% Profit or Loss is calculated in 2 ways
1) In terms of money - % profit or loss is calculated on
cost price
2) In terms of quantity - % profit or loss is calculated on
quantity sold.

9. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 750gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 20% above the cost
price?
1000 gms ----------- 200 gms
Profit = 60%
20%
He uses a false weight of 750 gms that makes profit of 250 gms.
Total profit = 200gms + 250 gms = 450gms.
Profit % = 100 = 60%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
3.

10. Selling price of 36 articles = Cost price of 45 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
Profit = 25%
Difference in articles = 9
Given that, selling price of 36 articles is greater than cost price of 36 articles.
=> it makes a profit
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity sold.
Profit % = 100 = 25
4.

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Problems for practice are given in the description of the video.

12. Practice problems
on Profit & Loss

13. 1. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 25 % and gets loss = 10%. Find his profit or loss%, if he
doesn’t allow any discount?
2. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 30 % and gets P = 5%. Find his profit or loss%, if he allows a
discount of 10% ?
3. A Shopkeeper sells 45 oranges for 160/- and gets a loss of 20%. How many oranges should he sell
for 96/- to get a profit of 20%?
4. A Shopkeeper sells 24 apples for 600/- and gets a loss of 25%. How many apples should he sell for
500/- to get a profit of 25%?
5. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 800gm for every kg. What is his actual % profit if he professes
to sell his goods at 12% above the cost price?
6. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 900gm for every kg. What is his actual % profit if he professes
to sell his goods at 17% above the cost price?
7. Selling price of 25 articles = Cost price of 20 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
8. A Shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price. What is false weight he has to use for every
kg if he gets a profit of 50%?

14. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 25 % and gets loss = 10%.
Find his profit or loss%, if he doesn’t allow any discount?
1.
Ans :
75 = 90
100 = 120
D = 25% of MP L = 10% of CP
 75% of MP = SP = 90% of CP
 100% of MP = SP = 120% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 20%
%Profit = 20%

15. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 30 % and gets P = 5%. Find
his profit or loss%, if he allows a discount of 10% ?
2.
Ans :
70 = 95
90 = 135
D = 30% of MP P = 5% of CP
 70% of MP = SP = 105% of CP
 90% of MP = SP = 135% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 35%
%Profit = 35%

16. A Shopkeeper sells 45 oranges for 160/- and gets a loss of 20%. How
many oranges should he sell for 96/- to get a profit of 20%?
3.
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 45 mangoes to get 20% profit
L = 20% of CP
 SP = 80% of CP = 160
 100% of CP = CP = 200
 120% of CP = 240
Therefore SP for 48 mangoes at 40% profit = 240
For 240 - 45 mangoes
96 - ?
80 % = 160
100% = 200
240 = 45
96 = 18
Number of oranges = 18

17. A Shopkeeper sells 24 apples for 600/- and gets a loss of 25%. How
many apples should he sell for 500/- to get a profit of 25%?
4.
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 24 apples to get 25% profit
L = 25% of CP
 SP = 75% of CP = 600
 100% of CP = CP = 800
 125% of CP = 1000
Therefore SP for 24 apples at 25% profit = 1000
For 1000 - 24 apples
500 - ?
75 % = 600
100% = 800
1000 = 24
500 = 12
Number of apples = 12

18. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 800gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 12% above the cost
price?
1000 gms ----------- 120 gms
Profit = 40%
12%
He uses a false weight of 800 gms that makes profit of 200 gms.
Total profit = 120gms + 200 gms = 320gms.
Profit % = 100 = 40%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
5.

19. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 900gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 17% above the cost
price?
Profit = 30%
170 + 100 = 270 .
Profit % = 100 = 30%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
6.

20. Selling price of 25 articles = Cost price of 20 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
Loss = 20%
Difference in articles = 5
Given that, selling price of 25 articles is lesser than cost price of 20 articles.
=> it makes a loss
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity sold.
Loss % = 100 = 20%
4.

21. A Shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price. What is false
weight he has to use for every kg if he gets a profit of 50%?
False weight he has to use for every kg = 666.7gms
Profit – 50%
 3 - 2
 1000 - 666.7 gms
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity.
3.

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