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![Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
47
New Feature - Varchar2 32K
12c Database Parameter – max_string_size
• STANDARD [Default] = 4000 byte/character limit (Pre-12c
behavior)
• EXTENDED = 32767 byte/character limit
After changing parameter must bounce database
Can specify textfield or textarea sizes up to 32K (32767)
Can run /core/collection_member_resize.sql to change collection
VARCHAR2 columns from 4000 characters to 32767 characters](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/apex-42-in-12c-1970039-241112090048-59b4d7cb/75/apex-42-in-12c-1970039-pptx-apex-oracle-47-2048.jpg)
![Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
49
Use Identity Columns instead of specifying a Sequence and using
triggers / processes to retrieve the next value from the sequence
• ALWAYS [Default] – Uses the sequence generator
• BY DEFAULT – Can explicitly assign a specified value
• BY DEFAULT ON NULL – Can explicitly assign,
but uses sequence if evaluates to NULL
SQL Workshop Can specify Identity in Create Table Wizard
Create Form / Report Wizard Creates correct item type {display only}
New Feature - Identity Column](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/apex-42-in-12c-1970039-241112090048-59b4d7cb/75/apex-42-in-12c-1970039-pptx-apex-oracle-49-2048.jpg)
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apex-42-in-12c-1970039.pptx apex oracle
- 1. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
- 2. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 Application Express with Oracle Database 12c Multitenant Architecture
- 3. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 Source: Gartner Top Five Trends for Private Cloud Computing, February 2012, Thomas J Bittman The following is intended to outline Oracle’s general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remain at the sole discretion of Oracle.
- 4. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 Database Cloud & Consolidation Architectures Multiple DB Instances Schema Consolidation Share servers and OS with “DB Instance Isolation” Virtual Machines Share servers with “VM isolation” NEW DB 12c Multitenant Share servers, OS and database with “Pluggable DB Isolation” Share servers, OS and database with “Schema Isolation”
- 5. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5 Customers have 100s or 1000s of databases across their enterprise They want to lower costs by operating these databases on a centrally managed platform With only hardware consolidation, each database has an overhead, that prevents 100s of database from being placed on the same physical server The need for Database Consolidation Why?
- 6. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 DW ERP CRM BI No change to applications No performance degradation Centralized resource management Isolation between environments Simplify patching and upgrades Database Consolidation Requirements
- 7. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 Isolation and multitenancy Fast provisioning and cloning Secure and highly available No application changes Manage many as one Greater resource utilization Performant and scalable Lower IT costs Consolidating Databases on Clouds Key requirements… 12.1 12.1 12.1
- 8. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8 Oracle Database 12c lets you have many pluggable databases (PDBs) in a single multitenant container database (CDB) PDBs share common resources The application connects to the PDB and sees it just like a pre-12c database The system administrator connects to the CDB as a whole and sees a single system image Multitenant Architecture + Pluggable Databases
- 9. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9 Oracle Database Architecture Each Databases requires memory, processes and database files System Resources ERP Memory Background Processes Database Files CRM Memory Background Processes Database Files DW Memory Background Processes Database Files
- 10. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10 Container Database New Multitenant Architecture Memory and processes required at container level only ERP Memory Background Processes Database Files System Resources CRM Memory Background Processes Database Files DW Memory Background Processes Database Files
- 11. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11 New Multitenant Architecture Memory and processes shared and managed at container level System Resources Container Database
- 12. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12 Managing Shared Resources Resource management for consolidated databases Container Database High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority DW CRM ERP
- 13. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13 OLTP benchmark comparison Only 3GB of memory vs. 20GB memory used for 50 databases Pluggable databases scaled to over 250 while separate database instances maxed at 50 Pluggable vs Separate Databases Highly Efficient: 6x Less H/W Resource, 5x more Scalable
- 14. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14 Manage Many Databases as One Backup databases as one, recover at pluggable database Level DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1 One Backup Point-in-time recovery at pluggable database level Container Database
- 15. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15 Production Container Database Manage Many Databases as One One standby database covers all pluggable databases HCM 12.1 DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1 Standby Container Database HCM 12.1 DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1
- 16. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16 Simplified Patching Apply changes once, all pluggable databases updated Upgrade in-place Container Database DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1 12.X 12.X 12.X
- 17. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17 Simplified Upgrades Flexible choice when patching & upgrading databases Original Container Database (12.1) Upgraded Container Database (12.X) DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1 DW 12.X CRM 12.X
- 18. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18 Production Container Database Development Container Database Creating Databases for Test and Development Fast, flexible copy and snapshot of pluggable databases DW 12.1 CRM 12.1 ERP 12.1 ERP Dev Copy ERP Dev Copy ERP Dev Copy
- 19. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19 DW ERP CRM BI Reduced TCO • Administrative costs • Operational costs • Data Center costs • Storage costs • Contingency costs Improved … • Resource utilization • Manageability • Service Management Oracle Database 12c Multitenant Architecture Benefits
- 20. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 20 Oracle Database 12c Alternative Architectures Business Value Many databases on one machine Many databases as schemas in one database Many databases as PDBs in one CDB Implementation Easy Difficult* Easy Isolation Highest Limited High Availability High Highest Highest Scalability Limited High High Performance Low High High Resource management Fair Severely limited Excellent ROI Low High Highest * Need to validate application schemas can co-exist
- 21. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 21 Isolation and multitenancy Fast provisioning and cloning Secure and highly available No application changes Manage many as one Greater resource utilization Performant and scalable Lower IT costs New Multitenant Architecture for Consolidating Databases
- 22. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22 Pluggable Database A PDB feels and operates identically to a non-CDB Database You cannot tell, from the viewpoint of a connected client, if you’re using a PDB or a non-CDB Database A new PDB can be created in seconds
- 23. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 23 Pluggable Database Simply unplug… Moving between CDBs is a simple case of moving a PDBs metadata PDBs can be moved using • SQL Developer • Enterprise Manager 12c • SQL commands • Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)
- 24. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24 Pluggable Databases And if you can have one… The Pluggable Databases architecture can currently support up to 252 PDBs in a single CDB Database You can utilize Database Links between PDBs and between PDBs and non-CDB databases Database Link
- 25. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 25 Shared Resources Background processes Shared/process memory Oracle metadata Control files Redo Log files
- 26. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26 Files in PDBs Each PDB has its own set of tablespaces including SYSTEM and SYSAUX PDBs share UNDO, REDO and control files By default the CDB has a single TEMP tablespace, but PDBs may create their own
- 27. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27 Users PDB Users are the successors for users in a non-CDB Local users can administer PDBs A special class of users “Common Users” has the same identity in all PDBs Common users can log into any database they have “create session” privilege for Common users own the Oracle system PDBs can be administered by a common user, too
- 28. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28 Application Express in Oracle Database 12c Multitenant Architecture
- 29. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 29 Standard “Default” 12c Installation Application Express 4.2 installed in CDB (Container DB) Root PDB Seed APEX 4.2 is installed into CDB$Root and PDB$Seed APEX_040200 Schema Views, Packages, Functions, Procedures Local Tables (APEX meta-data for *that* PDB) APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 Meta-data Links APEX_ 040200 Each PDB contains meta-data linked objects to APEX Schema in Root Each PDB also has an APEX Schema which holds local tables
- 30. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30 Standard 12c Installation Creating a new PDB from seed Root PDB Seed PDBs created by copying PDB$Seed APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 New PDB includes Local Tables and Meta-data links to Root objects Web Listener *must* be configured for each PDB {each with unique port} Meta-data Link Local Tables (APEX meta-data for *that* PDB)
- 31. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 31 Removing Common Application Express Uninstalling Application Express 4.2 from the CDB Root No APEX 1) Post-installation run apxremov_con.sql* to remove from CDB, PDB Seed and all PDB’s {*DB Patch 16946990 required} All existing APEX meta-data within all of the PDBs will be removed PDB Seed No APEX No APEX No APEX APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 No APEX
- 32. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 32 Non-Standard Configuration Installing Different Versions into PDBs Root No APEX APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 050000 No APEX 1) Uninstall Application Express from the CDB PDB Seed 2) Log into PDB, run apexins.sql or apxrtins.sql Can install different versions of APEX (> Release 4.2) into any PDB No APEX No APEX APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 No APEX
- 33. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 33 Re-Installing into Root Database Application Express 4.2 *removed* and then reinstalled into CDB 1) Uninstall Application Express from the CDB Root PDB Seed No APEX No APEX No APEX APEX_ 040200 Runtime No APEX 2) Run script apexins_con.sql or apxrtins_con.sql Use this technique to install runtime only Application Express in CDB Installs in Root, PDB$Seed and all PDBs, also creates meta-data links APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_040200 Runtime Schema APEX_ 040200 Runtime APEX_ 040200 Runtime APEX_ 040200 Runtime APEX_ 040200 Runtime
- 34. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 34 Migrating from Oracle Database 11g to PDB 1) Upgrade 11g database to 12.1 in place 2) Place the non-CDB into read only mode 3) Connect to non-CDB and generate an XML Metadata file 4) Shutdown the non-CDB 5) Plug in non-CDB to CDB 6) Run noncdb_to_pdb.sql Replaces local APEX_040200 schema objects with meta-data linked objects {If APEX configured in CDB$Root}
- 35. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 35 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases From APEX IN CDB$Root APEX IN CDB$Root Root 1) Move / copy PDB Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 2) Configure Web Listener for new PDB {Must specify a unique port}
- 36. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 36 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases From APEX NOT IN CDB$Root APEX IN CDB$Root Root Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 1) Move / copy PDB (…) Application Express installed differently in source and target databases APEX_ 040200
- 37. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 37 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases From APEX NOT IN CDB$Root APEX IN CDB$Root Root 2) Run apex_to_common.sql in PDB to create meta-data links Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 3) Configure Web Listener for new PDB APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200
- 38. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 38 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases No APEX APEX IN CDB$Root Root Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 1) Run apexins.sql on PDB while in Source database (…) Need to install before moving as can’t be installed into PDB when in Root APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200
- 39. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 39 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases No APEX APEX IN CDB$Root Root Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 2) Move / copy PDB (…) Now that Application Express is in source database it is ready to move
- 40. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 40 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases No APEX APEX IN CDB$Root Root 3) Run apex_to_common.sql in PDB to create meta-data links Root APEX_040200 Schema APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 4) Configure Web Listener for new PDB APEX_ 040200
- 41. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 41 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases From APEX NOT IN CDB$Root APEX NOT IN CDB$Root Root Root APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 1) Move / copy PDB 2) Configure Web Listener for new PDB
- 42. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 42 Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases From APEX IN CDB$Root APEX NOT IN CDB$Root Root Contact Oracle Support APEX_040200 Schema Root APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 Special version specific apex_to_local.sql scripts available APEX_ 040200 X APEX_ 040200
- 43. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 43 Root Root APEX_yyyyyy Schema APEX_xxxxxx Schema 1) Run apxpatch_con.sql or apexins_con.sql in target CDB to upgrade CDB Root to be the same as the source APEX_ xxxxxx APEX_ xxxxxx APEX_ yyyyyy APEX_ yyyyyy APEX_ xxxxxx Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases Incompatible Versions: Higher Release Lower Release (x > y) 2) Move / copy PDB {Perform other steps, such as configure Web Listener} APEX_xxxxxx Schema APEX_ xxxxxx APEX_ xxxxxx
- 44. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 44 Root Root APEX_yyyyyy Schema APEX_xxxxxx Schema 1) Move / copy PDB APEX_ xxxxxx APEX_ xxxxxx APEX_ yyyyyy APEX_ yyyyyy APEX_ xxxxxx Moving/Copying PDBs Between 12c Databases Incompatible Versions: Lower Release Higher Release (x < y) 2) Run catcon.pl in new PDB to upgrade to the same release as in the target CDB Root installation {See Installation Guide for syntax} APEX_ yyyyyy
- 45. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 45 Upgrading / Patching Application Express Root Run container scripts, such as apexins_con.sql, in CDB Perform update / patch ONCE for CDB and all PDBs APEX_040200 Schema Root APEX_ 040200 {4.2.0} APEX_ 040200 {4.2.2} Run standard scripts, such as apexins.sql, in PDBs Perform update / patch on EACH PDB separately & independently APEX_ 040200 APEX_ 040200 APEX IN CDB$Root versus APEX NOT IN CDB$Root
- 46. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 46 Oracle Database 12c New Features Important to Application Express Developers
- 47. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 47 New Feature - Varchar2 32K 12c Database Parameter – max_string_size • STANDARD [Default] = 4000 byte/character limit (Pre-12c behavior) • EXTENDED = 32767 byte/character limit After changing parameter must bounce database Can specify textfield or textarea sizes up to 32K (32767) Can run /core/collection_member_resize.sql to change collection VARCHAR2 columns from 4000 characters to 32767 characters
- 48. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 48 Default values are utilized when inserting a record if column not specified in the insert statement With ON NULL will use default even if specified in the insert statement If you specify a value explicitly it will not use default Avoids the need for trigger logic New Feature - Default | Default On Null
- 49. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 49 Use Identity Columns instead of specifying a Sequence and using triggers / processes to retrieve the next value from the sequence • ALWAYS [Default] – Uses the sequence generator • BY DEFAULT – Can explicitly assign a specified value • BY DEFAULT ON NULL – Can explicitly assign, but uses sequence if evaluates to NULL SQL Workshop Can specify Identity in Create Table Wizard Create Form / Report Wizard Creates correct item type {display only} New Feature - Identity Column
- 50. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 50 New Feature - Invisible Column Invisible columns are *user specified* hidden columns • SELECT * Won’t display invisible columns • INSERT INTO x VALUES Won’t insert values in invisible columns • Must explicitly specify invisible columns to include them SQL Workshop Not shown in Object Browser, Query Builder, etc. Create Form / Report Wizards Columns won’t be shown Must manually add to Source within APEX Region (post-generation) to view in Reports, etc.
- 51. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 51 FETCH returns top ‘N’ records Can specify rows or percentage, Can include OFFSET to skip specified number of rows Respects ORDER BY clause New Feature - Limiting Rows from SQL Query
- 52. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 52 Soc. Sec. # 115-69-3428 DOB 11/06/71 PIN 5623 Policy enforced redaction of sensitive data New Feature - Data Redaction Mask Application Data Dynamically Call Center Operator Payroll Processing
- 53. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 53 Proof Point - ARIA People 1st “Production” application on Oracle Database 12c Written in Application Express Used by virtually every employee in Oracle >1.3 million page views / day > 60 page views / sec Median execution time 0.05 seconds
- 54. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54
- 55. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55
- 56. Copyright © 2013,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 56