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New Opportunities to Grow Your Region's Workforce: Mathisnado-web
This presentation was delivered at NADO's 2018 Annual Training Conference, held in Charlotte, NC on October 13-16. For more information, visit: https://www.nado.org/events/2018-annual-training-conference/
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with the Ministry of Agricultural Development, Government of Nepal, and Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS), and Federation of the Nepal Chambers of Commerce and Industries (FNCCI), organized a two day workshop on ‘Best Practices in Contract Farming: Challenges and Opportunities in Nepal’ on 10-11 February 2015 in Kathmandu, Nepal.
IFPRI is engaged in Policy Reform Initiative in Nepal with overall goal to reform agriculture sector for accelerating agricultural growth and enhancing farm incomes. In view of large number of smallholdings in Nepal, contract farming is envisaged as one of the strategies to increase their incomes by linking them with remunerative domestic and global markets. At present, contract farming in Nepal is at its infancy and needs to be popularized. This would require enabling polices and appropriate institutional arrangements. The main aim of the workshop is to learn lessons from the best practices in neighboring countries to address the multi-faceted challenges and opportunities in promoting and up scaling pro-smallholder contract farming in Nepal.
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
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Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
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Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
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Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
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Slide 10: Conclusion
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Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
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Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk) in Tanzania―Best-bet technologies and innovations: Artificial insemination business centres
1. Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk) in Tanzania: Best-bet
Technologies and Innovations
Artificial insemination business centres
J.M.K. Ojango, J. Rao, R. Mrode, E. Oyieng, C. Ekine, E. Lyatuu, J.Balakana, C. Kavishe, A.M. Okeyo
KEY MESSAGE
Individual AI service providers working in isolation rather
than collectively presents a bottleneck in the supply of
quality AI. This makes AI an expensive service.
Need to collaborate and improve efficiency of AI services
and requisite skills
Need to understand AI supply chain: inputs, skills,
networks and linkages
Need to use data platform to support AI service provision
Opportunities and benefits
AI Service providers: Bulk procurement, lower AI delivery costs,
Expanded client base
Farmers: Better Quality of AI service, increased confidence in AI
Regulators: lower costs of regulation, metrics/ measures on AI
Agro-Vets: Opportunity to diversify into AI service and thus grow
their business
Genetic supply companies: coordination and efficiency in the AI
supply chain
Pictures
Suitability
What do you need to use the technology
- Reliable genetic supply companies selling Semen and
associated AI supplies
- Pool/cluster of livestock service providers operating in a
defined area with diverse skills sets (AI, AH, Extension) eg
joint enterprises (SNV)
- Information platform that supports efficient service delivery
Evidence
• In Tanzania, First steps have been taken in the ADGG Project
This document has a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. October 2019
March 2017
PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED
• Low competitiveness of AI service in the Dairy sector
- Low viability of AI as a business without
additional technology intervention options
- High transaction costs associated with single
procurement and uncoordinated mapping of AI
routes
• Mid-stream wastage of Bull semen due to lack of inputs
for AI (liquid nitrogen, semen variety)
• Limited linkages and networking among service providers
to offer best quality services for groups of smallholder
farmers (failure to scale, low levels of income, no
incentive to change)
Maziwa Zaidi thanks all donors and organizations which globally support the work of ILRI and its partners through their contributions to the CGIAR system
Resource requirements (low to high, between 1 and 5)
Labour
Cash
Access to inputs
Knowledge and skills
Impact areas (low to high, between 1 and 5)
Food security
Youth empowerment
Women empowerment
Livelihoods
Market access and linkages
Outcome (low to high, between 1 and 5)
Business profitability
Environmental sustainability
Youth empowerment
Women empowerment
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
NumberofInseminations
Regions
REGIONAL ANNUAL AI PERFORMANCE OCTOBER 2016 - SEPTEMBER
2019
2016 2017 2018 2019