OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At theend of the class students will acquire in depth knowledge, about communication and Nurse patient relation ship
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
➢ Define hospital admission and discharge
➢ Explain about admission transfer and discharge
➢ Enlist the types beds and procedure
➢ Explain about Admission to the hospital unit and preparation of unit
➢ Elaborate the medico legal issues
➢ Discuss in detail about admission bed
➢ Demonstrate admission procedure
➢ Describe about the discharge procedure
➢ Explain about Nurse Patient Relationship and its purposes and phases
➢ Enumerate the types of discharge, discharge planning, procedure, medico legal issues
➢ Explain in detail about role and responsibility of the nurse in discharge & care of the unit after discharge
3.
OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENTA.V
AIDS
TEACHING
&
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
EVALUATION
Introduce the
topic
2min INTRODUCTION:
People enter in to health care settings for many reasons and
receive health care services. Health care needs vary from
individual to individual. Entering into a hospital produces
anxiety tor both the patient and family members.
A hospital can be a frightening and confusing place. Often,
care occurs quickly and without explanation. Knowing what to
expect can help people cope and actively participate in their care
during their stay. Understanding more about what hospitals do
and why they do it can help people feel less intimidated by their
hospital experience, more in control, and more confident about
their health when they are discharged home.
People are admitted to a hospital when they have a serious or
life-threatening problem (such as a heart attack). They also may
be admitted for less serious disorders that cannot be adequately
Lecture cum
discussion
Introduced the
topic
4.
Define
admission
5min
treated in anotherplace (such as at home or in an outpatient
centre).
DEFINITION:
Admission of patient means allowing the patient to stay in the
hospital for observation, investigations, treatment and care.
Val Samma
Entrance of a patient into the ward or unit for evaluation or
treatment is called admission.
Val Samma
Admission of a patient means allowing and facilitating a patient
to stay in the hospital unit or ward for observation, Investigation,
and treatment of the disease he or she is suffering from.
ANA
PURPOSES:
• To welcome the patient and to establish a therapeutic
relationship with patient and relatives
• To provide immediate care for patients with acute
5.
Discuss
principle
5min
• conditions andin emergency
• To collect baseline data of patients through observation,
history and physical examination
• To orient the patient and bystanders to the hospital and to
the services rendered by the hospital
• To assist the patients for investigations to obtain correct
medical diagnosis
• To provide comprehensive care to patients based on
diagnosis
• To collaborate with patients and bystanders in planning
care especially for chronic patients
• To provide health education to patient and family
members
• To provide support and adequate information for
continuing care at home
PRINCIPLES OF ADMISSION:
➢ Sudden change in the environment produces anxiety and
fear in patients
Discussed the
principles
6.
Enlist types of
admission
3min
➢Entering in to the hospital produces stress on patients on
possible diagnosis e.g. cancer institute
➢ Patients fear about losing their personal identity
➢ Patients differ in their behaviour pattern depending on
their age, sex, socio economic background and nationality
➢ strange environment produces alteration in physical and
mental health
➢ Provide a clean and safe environment to prevent cross
infection among patients
TYPES OF ADMISSION:
The admission of patient to hospital can be either as an
emergency or as a routine/ planned basis.
Emergency admission:
The sick clients/ with cardiac arrest/ victims of accidents/women
in labour are brought to health care facility and are admitted in
the emergency department or in intensive care unit or in labour
room for immediate management, diagnosis, treatment and
Enlisted types
7.
Explain
admission
procedure
5min
continuing care. Providingimmediate care is the main objective.
Lives saving measures are carried out in casualty department or
in intensive care units.
Routine admission: The patient is seen in the outpatient
department and is admitted for investigations, diagnosis,
treatment and care. Collection of history. physical examination,
diagnostic tests etc are usually carried out in OPD itself. Patients
for planned surgeries also are admitted as routine admission. Eg.
Patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes, Cirrhosis of
liver, chronic appendicitis, hernia etc.
ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL:
Patients are admitted to the concerned ward on the advice of the
treating doctor. The ward is designated by the inquiry staff at the
admission desk and entered in the case sheet. The categories
mentioned as per the doctor's advice include SIL. (seriously ill)
category, medico legal category or general category.
Explained
admission
procedure
8.
Hospital Admission Procedureincludes preparation of admitting
patient, perform admission procedure (emergency admission,
Routine admission), transfer in and discharge.
The admission of patient begins in an admitting office where the
basic information such as name, age and date of birth, sex,
address, occupation etc are obtained and recorded.
The admission sheet includes all information listed above and it
is a part of patient's permanent record
In some health care facilities, a wrist band with patient's name,
hospital number and other important information required is
placed on the patient's wrist. It is an important safety component
during the patient's stay in the hospital which can be used to
identify patient accurately during administration of medications,
blood and fluid, during diagnostic tests and during surgery.
The admitting office notifies the unit prior to the patient's arrival,
so that the room/bed can be prepared.
9.
PREPARATION OF THEUNIT AND ADMISSION OF
THE PATIENT:
Preparation Of Unit: Some of the activities carried out by
the nurse before the patient is received in the unit are:
Keeping the bed ready:
Open the bed, fold back the bed spread, top blanket, and top
sheet. Place mackintosh in order to protect the bed from soiling
(optional).
Position the bed:
For the ambulatory patient, the bed should be in normal position
or in its lowest position. If the patient has to arrive on a stretcher,
the bed should be in highest position.
Arrange furniture:
Make sure that the furniture in the room has been arranged to
ensure easy access to the bed. Place call bell and clock within
the reach of patient.
10.
Assemble Necessary Equipmentand Supplies: such as
gown personal property form, valuables envelope, admission
form, nursing assessment form. thermometer, emesis basin,
bedpan or urinal, bath basin, cup, and tray, urine specimen
container, if needed.
Admission Pack:
It usually contains soap toothbrush pack helps to prevent cross-
contamination increases nursing efficiency
Assemble Special Equipment and Supplies as
Needed:
The patient may require oxygen therapy, cardiac monitoring, or
suction equipment. The nurse should make sure that the
equipment is functioning properly. And is ready for the patient's
use on arrival. Blankets are provided in the winter season.
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE ADMISSION OF A
PATIENT:
11.
❖ Receive thepatient cordially. Provide a warm welcome
Greet him/her and relatives. Introduce yourself.
❖ Check the patient's identification and verify Check for
admission consent whether it is duly signed.
❖ Follow the patient to his bed room. It helps him feel at war
and will cooperate well with the care provided. It helps to
gain the confidence of the patient.
❖ Gave admission bath if needed
❖ Change to hospital clothes to make the patient
comfortable and relaxed
❖ Monitor the patient's condition, vital signs and weight.
❖ Orient the patient to lounge, nurse's station and to
bathroom
❖ Demonstrate the use of calling bell and adjust it at the casy
reach of the patient.
❖ Teach him how to use equipment to prevent accidents
❖ Explain meal times, visiting hours and hospital routines to
the patient and relatives.
12.
❖ Provide informationabout all services rendered by the
hospital eg canteen, telephone facilities, pharmacy etc.
❖ Collect specimens for laboratory test, if required.
Collecting baseline data of the patient on admission
assists the physician in the line of treatment.
❖ Do a good assessment of his physical condition in order
to plan his care. If his physical state needs immediate
treatment report to physician and prepare the patient for
physical examination and carry out the treatment, which
the physician prescribes after the physical examination.
❖ Collect history and assess the patient. The information
obtained is an important part of the patient's permanent
record.
❖ Answer questions of patients and relatives and clarify
their doubts
❖ Follow hospital policy for care of valuables, clothing.
medication etc
❖ Carry out physician's order
13.
❖ Provide privacyif the patient desires. Meet the patient's
needs as required. Include family also in the care
Admitting A Paediatric Patient:
▪ The initial goal will be to establish a friendly, trusting
relationship with the child and his parents to help relieve
fears and anxiety
▪ Speak directly to the child, and allow him to answer
questions before obtaining more information from his
parents
▪ While orienting the parents and child to the unt. describe
the layout of the room and bathroom, and tell them the
location of the playroom, television room and snack room,
if available
▪ Teach the child how to call the nurse
▪ Explain the facility's rooming in and visiting policies so
that the parents can take every opportunity to be with their
child
14.
▪ Inquire aboutthe child's usual routines so that favourite
foods, bedtime rituals, toileting, and adequate rest can be
incorporated into the routine
▪ Encourage the parents to bring some of their child's
favourite toys, blankets, or other items to make the child
feel more at home amid unfamiliar surroundings
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:
✓ If the patient does not speak the local language and is not
accompanied by a bilingual family member. contact the
appropriate resource
✓ Keep in mind that the patient admitted to the emergency
department requires special procedures
✓ If the patient brings medications from home, take an
inventory and record this information on the nursing
assessment form. Instruct the patient not to take any
medication unless authorized by the physician
15.
Explain medico
legal issues
3min
✓Find out the patient's normal routine, and ask him if he
would like to make any adjustments to the facility regimen
MEDICO LEGAL ISSUES PREVENTION:
• On admission the patient should be well oriented to the
ward, staff, routines of the hospital/ward, dietary
facilities, doctor's rounds timings, visiting times etc.
• Identify the correct patient before doing anything for him
• Have identification tag for unconscious/ disoriented/very
young patients
• Follow safety measures such as using side rails if needed,
preventing slippery floors etc., to avoid falls
• Maintain confidentiality
• Obtain informed consent before doing any
procedures/surgery
• Discuss the treatment options with the patient
• Permit mother/caregiver to be with children
• Consider patient's rights while planning care
Explained
medico legal
issues
16.
Discuss about
medico legal
cases
•Give respect to patient's customs, values and religious
beliefs
Documentation:
Document the condition of patient admission, observations
made by the nurse, care given, medications administered, any
procedures done, and other relevant data legibly and correctly in
the nurse's notes with the time, date and signature.
MEDICO LEGAL CASE:
DEFINITION:
Medico-Legal Case is defined as a case of injury or ailment in
which investigations by the law enforcing agencies are essential
to fix the responsibility regarding the causation of the injury or
ailment.
It is a medical case with legal implications for the attending
doctor where the attending doctor, after eliciting history and
examining the patient, thinks that some investigation by law
enforcement agencies is essential.
Discussed
medico legal
cases
17.
Enlist the
medico legal
cases
3min
Itmay be a legal case requiring medical expertise when brought
by the police for examination.
LIST OF MEDICO-LEGAL CASES:
• All cases of injuries and burns the circumstances of which
suggest commission of an offense by somebody.
(irrespective of suspicion of foul play)
• All vehicular, factory or other unnatural accident cases
specially when there is a likelihood of patient's death or
grievous hurt.
• Cases of suspected or evident sexual assault.
• Cases of suspected or evident criminal abortion
• Cases of unconsciousness where its cause is not natural or
not clear.
• All cases of suspected or evident poisoning of
Intoxication,
• Cases referred from a court or otherwise for age
estimation
Enlisted medico
legal cases
18.
• Cases broughtdead with improper history creating
suspicion of an offense
• Cases of suspected self-infliction of injuries or attempted
suicide
• Any other case not falling under the above categories but
has legal implications.
REPORTING OF MEDICO LEGAL CASES:
➢ Reports must be prepared in duplicate on proper proforma
giving all necessary details
➢ Avoid abbreviations and over writings.
➢ Corrections if any, should be initialled with date and time
➢ Reports must be submitted to the authorities promptly.
➢ Medico-legal documents should be stored under safe
custody for 10 years
19.
Explain roles
and
responsibilities
of anurse in
2min
➢ Document the age, sex, father's name, complete address,
date and time of reporting, time of incident, brought by
whom etc in the records correctly and legibly
➢ Identification marks and finger impressions should be
recorded
➢ All MLC to be informed to the police for taking legal
evidence
➢ If the patient is dying, inform the magistrate to record
dying declaration
➢ In case of any medico-legal cases, it is the legal duty of
the treating doctor to report it to the nearest police station
immediately after completing primary lifesaving medical
care.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
NURSE:
✓ Nurses need to follow strict protocol regarding admission
and discharge in the hospital
Explained role
of a nurse in
admission and
discharge
20.
admission &
discharge
✓ Arrangepatient's unit.
✓ Prepare the patient both physically and mentally for his
stay in the hospital
✓ Greet the patient as he enters the unit.
✓ Orient him to self and other staff, to ward and ward
routines, other patients, patient's room, dietary facilities,
toilets and equipment.
✓ Compte parent's charting
✓ Assess the vital signs, weight and document
✓ Carryout physical examination and document
✓ Help the patient to be comfortable.
✓ Goes good impression of the hospital and its services that
the patient will fully co-operate with the treatment and
nursing care
✓ Take necessary steps to prevent medico legal issues
21.
Explain in
detail about
transfer
3min
TRANSFER:
Transfermeans moving the patients from one room to another
room or from one department to another or from
PURPOSES:
• To obtain necessary diagnostic tests and procedure
• To provide treatment and nursing care
• To provide specialized care eg if condition worsens
patient may be shifted to ICU/CCU or to any other
speciality wards
• To place most appropriate utilization or available
personnel and services
• For surgery, if scheduled
• For isolating the patient, if required
• Transfer to other hospitals as referral or at patient's request
• Referral to another department within the hospital
Explained about
patient transfer
22.
The procedure ofdischarge and readmission is not usually
necessary for the patient who is to be shifted from one
ward/department to another.
Internal transfer (Within the hospital): or the patient to
a unit that provides special cart or care med to needs, eg from
general ward to ICU can also be in the patient from one
department to another en. X. От special care units While
transferring the patient, hand over all patient's documents and
belongings in the transferred
External transfer (Transfer outside the hospital)
Moving patients from one hospital to another. It may be a referral
eg from General hospital to Medical College Hospital cancer
centre or at patient's request to go for better health care facility
Summary of patient's disease condition, investigations done with
results, diagnosis, treatment given eti (discharge summary)
should be given to patient to hand over to the transferred health
care facility for continuation of care and to avoid repetition of
investigations.
23.
Discuss about
transfer transfer
procedure
3min
Equipment:
➢Wheelchair/stretcher
➢ Identification labels
➢ Patients’ belongings
➢ X-rays, investigation reports, patient recited and file
PROCEDURE:
• Check the doctor's order for transfer of patient
• Assess the method for transport inform receiving nurse
• Inform to the patient relatives.
• Explain the transfer to the patient and relatives
• Arrangement of transportation if necessary
• Inform the ward sister where the patient to be transferred
Contact the nursing staff on the receiving what the
patient's condition and drug regimen and review the
patient's nursing care plan with them to ensure continuity
of care.
24.
• Check thechart for complete recording of vital signs,
nursing care and treatment given. De sure all
documentation including care plan is completed
• Collect patient's X-rays, medicines and other belongings.
Using the inventory of belongings on admission as a
checklist, collect the patient's property Be sure to check
the entire room, including the closet, bedside stand, over
bed table, and bathroom Gather the patient's medications
from the cart and the refrigerator.
• If the patient is being transferred to another unit, send the
medications to the receiving unit, if he is being transferred
to another facility, return them to the pharmacy
• Cancel the hospital diet or transfer to the new unit (If
internal)
• Assist the relatives to collect other belongings
25.
• Make arrangementto settle the due bills if going to
another hospital (optional). Notify the business office and
other appropriate departments of the transfer
• Record time, mode of transfer and general condition of the
patient
• Assist in transferring risk patient to wheelchair! stretcher
and accompany patient to new area. Maintain patient's
physical wellbeing during transport to new nursing unit
• Provide verbal report about patient's condition to the
receiving unit nurse
• Handover patient documents and belongings to the in-
charge nurse and sister. Transport patient to a new room
and assist in transfer to bed
• Collect the ward articles
• Inform to the concerned person/department regarding
transfer of the patient
• Clean unit thoroughly and keep ready for nest patient
26.
Discuss about
discharge
10 minDISCHARGE:
Discharge refers to the releasing of patient from hospital home
or to another hospital. It is the preparation of the patient and
discharge records to leave the hospital.
Types of Discharge:
Planned Formal discharge: Discharge of the patient by the
doctor when the treatment of the patient over.
Discharge/Leave against Medical Advice (DAMA LAMA): I
may be due to personal reasons in may not like to continue
treatment in that particular hospital or he may prefer to go to
some other hospitals with more facilities.
A client can decide to leave the hospital against medica advice.
For this client mist sign a form that releases the physician and
the health care institution from any legal responsibility for
his/her health status. The clients informed of any possible risks
before signing the form.
Transfer to another hospital: Patient may be transferred to
another health care agency with more facilities for better care.
Discussed about
discharge
27.
Referral: It isthe act of sending of a patient to another physician
for ongoing management of a specific problem, with the
expectation that the patient will continue seeing the original
physician for co-ordination of total care. Referral may be within
the hospital from one department to another or from one hospital
another.
Patient may abscond: Patient may leave the hospital
secretly and quickly without any prior information It is often
done to avoid arrest or legal prosecution to avoid paying the bills
Psychiatric patients are mor likely to abscond, so constant
observation is required
Patient may expire (Death) during hospitalization
PURPOSE OF DISCHARGE PROCEDURE:
❖ To assist the patient in discharge process
❖ To ensure continuity of care to the patient after discharge
28.
❖ To equipthe patient with adequate information his/her
condition, follow up visits, or referral to other health
agencies etc. before going home
❖ To help make the safest arrangements possible for the
patient at the time of discharge
❖ To assist the patient to manage successfully the change
from the hospital environment to the home environment.
❖ Provide education for continuity care at home
PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT AND RELATIVES:
Effective discharge from health care agency requires careful
planning and continuing assessment of the individual.
Rehabilitation Of the Patient.
No patient should be discharged until he is rehabilitated. The
rehabilitation begins when a patient first comes to the health care
agency.
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation is the restoration of a person to
the full physical, mental, social, vocational and economic
usefulness possible. Specialised rehabilitation services such as
29.
cardiovascular and pulmonaryrehabilitation programs, help
patients and family adjust to necessary changes in lifestyle and
learn to function with the limitations of their disease.
Rehabilitation services include physical, occupational and
speech therapy and social services. Ideally rehabilitation begins
the moment a patient enters a health care setting for treatment.
Rehabilitation focuses on the prevention of complications
related to the illness or injury.
DISCHARGE PLANNING:
Discharge planning is the systematic process for preparing the
patient to leave the health care agency
Discharge planning includes:
Assessing: The family is also actively included while assessing
the patient
Collect information regarding health data, patient's age, sex,
weight, diagnosis, past medical history, surgery, present medical
status etc.
30.
Personal data: Assesshow patient feels about discharge.
attitudes and beliefs, whether care giver is available
Environment: Includes both home and community. Assess
whether there is any barrier that inhibit his activities space, assist
device etc.
Knowledge of patient and family about treatment planning,
medications, diet, prognosis, complications, emergency
management.
Financial situation: Whether the patient is able to meet his
expenses
The "METHOD' approach is used as a guile in discharge
planning
M: Medication name, dose, indication, effects and side effects
E: Environment adjustment to home environment adequate
emotional support
T: Treatment Patient and family should know the purpose of
treatment to be continued at home
31.
H: Health teachingthe patient understands the disease condition
and the impact of it on him
0: Outpatient referral when and where to come for check up,
explain how to follow discharge instructions
D: Diet Purpose of prescribed diet, plan menu eg diabetic diet
STEPS IN DISCHARGE PROCESS:
STEP-1:Make sure that there is a written discharge order and
that the payment of bill has been made (optional). The attending
physician is required to give clear written instructions for
discharge and follow-up prescription to prevent legal
implications. Assist the patient to dress, check and pack
belongings.
STEP-II: Collect the discharge slip and prescriptions that the
patient is to take with him for follow up care. Ensure that the
patient understands about his condition, the treatment to be
continued at home, follow up visits diet, medications, activity,
exercises, etc.
32.
Discuss
prevention of
medico legal
issuesin
discharge
5min
STEP-III: Complete the patient's record and discharge
summary.
Because of legal implications, it is important that all hospital
records be completed.
STEP-IV: Transport the patient and his belongings in a wheel
chair, if required. Accompany the patient to the vehicle.
Hospital personnel are responsible till the patient leaves the
hospital.
STEP-V: If the patient or relatives decide to leave the hospital
against advice of, doctor
PREVENTION OF MEDICO-LEGAL ISSUES ON
DISCHARGE:
• Start preparing the patent for discharge from admission
itself.
• No patent should be discharged without decor's written
orders
Discussed about
medico legal
issues in
discharge
33.
• Give properinstruction preferably in writing about the
continuation of care at home, follow up visits etc.
• Maintain confidentiality
• Involve family members in the teaching program and in
planning for continuation of care
• See that the patient's personal hygiene is maintained and
change the dress their own clothing
• Inform the hospital authorities about the discharge
• Complete the patient's record and discharge summary
• If the body is to be kept in the mortuary follow the hospital
policies strictly
• Maintain the records and hand over the body to mortuary
staff Document the name, age, address, identification
marks and other relevant information pertaining to patient
in the registers
• Handover the case sheet and other records to the medical
record department
34.
Explain Nurses
role in
discharge
3min
ROLEAND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NURSE:
Please refer discharge planning, discharge process, medico legal
issues, and Care of the unit after patient's discharge)
Care of the unit after patient's discharge:
▪ Take an inventory of items in the room before the patient
leaves the hospital for any missing of items and report, if
any. After a patient is discharged and before admitting
another patient, the room should be cleaned and windows
and doors be opened.
▪ Clean the doors, windows, furniture and light shades.
▪ All articles used by the patient should be taken to the
utility room, washed, cleaned, sterilized, if necessary or
disinfected by chemicals.
▪ Check the electrical and plumbing systems for proper
functioning. Maintenance may be done as needed.
▪ Rearrange and keep ready for the next patient. Discard all
unwanted things
Explained the
role of a nurse
in discharge
35.
▪ Send usedlinens to laundry. Mattress, pillows, blankets
etc should be exposed to sunlight. If the room was used
for a patient with communicable disease, it should be
fumigated along with articles used by the patient.
EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON PATIENT AND
FAMILY:
Hospitalization can represent a time of great vulnerability and
imposed stress for both the patient and his family members.
Many patients face admission with reluctance whereas some
may feel relieved that their illness can be treated
Admission is always associated with various potential stressors.
A patient admitted for the first time faces a feeling of unknown.
Hospitalization, especially foe chronic diseases, can have a
number of varied effects upon a patient and his or her family
members.
Stressors of admission include:
✓ Loss of independence
✓ Behavioural and Emotional changes
36.
✓ Restrictions onthe activities of daily living
✓ Unfamiliar environment and personnel
✓ Disruption of relationships
✓ Economic loss
✓ Effects on employment
✓ Loss of privacy dignity
✓ Loss of emotional support
✓ Fear of illness, death
✓ Changes in body-image
✓ Changes in self-concept
ROLE OF NURSE IN RELIEVING PATIENT'S
REACTIONS:
Reduce the stressors: The nurse should attempt to reduce the
stressors related to admission to a hospital. She should make the
patient comfortable by giving a warm welcome and by orienting
him about the admission procedure, ward personnel and other
routines in the hospital. Involve patient in planning and
37.
evaluating care sothat patient can achieve independence and
self-esteem.
Provide adequate privacy: People vary in their need for
privacy. Hospital personnel usually show little concerns for
patient's privacy. They may be asked to share a room with
strangers. Their health/illness is frequently discussed with other
professionals.
It is the responsibility of the nurses to assess what privacy means
to the patient and try to support accustomed practices whenever
possible
Encourage autonomy: Autonomy is the state of being
independent and self-directed. People vary in their sense of
autonomy. Many times patients give up their autonomy when
hospitalized. Include them in taking decisions about meals,
hygienic practices, sleeping pattern etc.
Coping with altered lifestyles: Hospitalization causes changes
in life style. Many hospitals determine the time when patients go
to sleep, wake up in the morning etc. Food may not be prepared
38.
as per patient'spreferences. Nurses should make arrangements
to accommodate the patient's life style eg taking bath in the
evening instead of in the morning.
Arrangements for financial burden: Hospitalization always
cause economic burden to the patient and family Many patients
find difficulty with meeting the expenses of medications,
investigations etc. Nurses may initiate referrals to the social
service department to assist him in arranging for meeting
financial burden.
Facilitate family coping: A person's illness affects not only the
person who is sick but other family members also. They may
have to change their family roles. Anxiety about the outcome of
the illness causes stress and conflict in them. They also face
financial problems. Nurses can play the role of a counsellor They
can be helped by involving them in planning and finding a
possible solution to the problems
39.
Summarise the
topic
2min SUMMARY:
Admission,transfer, and discharge are important processes in
hospital care that ensure patient safety and continuity of
treatment. Admission involves receiving the patient into the
hospital, collecting personal and medical information,
performing initial assessments, and orienting the patient to the
ward. Transfer refers to shifting a patient from one unit to
another or to another healthcare facility when their condition
changes or requires specialized care; this includes proper
communication, documentation, and ensuring the patient’s
stability during the move. Discharge is the process of sending
the patient home or to another care setting after treatment is
completed, which includes giving instructions, medications,
follow-up plans, and ensuring the patient and family understand
ongoing care. Together, these processes help maintain smooth
patient flow and high-quality healthcare delivery.
Summarized the
topic
40.
Conclude the
topic
3min CONCLUSION:
Inconclusion, admission, transfer, and discharge are vital
components of patient care that ensure safety, continuity, and
quality throughout the healthcare journey. A well-organized
admission process helps establish a strong foundation for
treatment, while proper transfer procedures maintain stability
and prevent complications when patients require movement
within or between healthcare facilities. Effective discharge
planning ensures that patients and their families are informed,
confident, and prepared for ongoing care at home or in another
setting. Altogether, these processes support better health
outcomes, enhance patient satisfaction, and promote efficient
functioning of the healthcare system
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• Basavanthappa, B.T. (2015). Nursing Foundations. New
Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
• Kozier, B., Erb, G., & Berman, A. (2016). Fundamentals
of Nursing. Pearson Education.
Concluded the
topic
41.
• Potter, P.A.,& Perry, A.G. (2017). Fundamentals of
Nursing. Elsevier.
• Treas, L.S., & Wilkinson, J.M. (2014). Basic Nursing:
Concepts, Skills and Reasoning. F.A. Davis.
• Black, J.M., & Hawks, J.H. (2014). Medical-Surgical
Nursing: Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes.
Elsevier.
• Nursing Foundations -1, semester -1, Val Samma. Pg 262-
279
• Nursing foundation -1 as per revised INC syllabus
according to I clement
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