This document outlines the development of a smart switch firmware for controlling home electrical devices via the internet. It discusses hardware and software requirements, the significance of IoT, challenges faced, and technical components such as Arduino and ESP8266. The project emphasizes a cost-effective, secure, and user-friendly home automation solution that enhances scalability and flexibility over existing systems.

1. A Globally controlled Embedded Switch node for Electrical Devices
at Home by Using Internet

2. CONTENTS
•Abstract
•Block Diagram
•Hardware and Software
Requirements
•Things to be discussed
•Conclusion

3. Abstract
This project presents the development of a firmware for a Smart Switch, which can
control the on-off of any electrical device at home by using internet. The Smart Switch is connected
to internet via Wi-Fi, through a computer, smartphone, tablet or any device with internet access. In
order to perform this connection it is necessary to write the IP pre-programmed into the Smart
Switch in a web browser (Internet Explorer, Chrome,Firefox, etc.) with the purpose to load the
Smart Switch server, which will open a configuration page to write the data of the user’s network.
Then, the user will select in automatic mode the network, the security type, and the user must have
written a passphrase. Once these information is uploaded and saved, it is necessary to restart the
Smart Switch in order to get access to internet, from which the user can control the Smart Switch
simply sending a number one or a number zero to switch the electrical device, this process is done
in principle via the internet.

4. Block Diagram

5. Hardware and Software
Requirements
 Hardware Requirements
◦ Arduino Uno, relays , Wi-Fi module
 Software requirements
◦ Arduino 1.6.11

6. THINGS TO BE DISCUSSED
 What is IoT
 Need for IoT
 Challenges
 My home automation system architecture
 Arduino
 ESP8266
 Web server
 Web server in Arduino
 Web interface

7. What is IoT
 Internet of Things
◦ Internet connected objects (things) working
together to solve a business problem
◦ Has been around for quite a while, but only
recently has become affordable for personal
use

8. Need for IoT
 Generate, collect, process and use acquired
information to make better decisions
 Smart objects: Make things that weren’t
meant to talk to each other interact smartly
 Gartner says the Internet of Things installed
base will grow to 26 Billion units by 2020; I
want to be well aligned and prepared for
that

9. Challenges
 Global cooperation
◦ Proprietary and incompatible protocols
◦ Lack of APIs
◦ Example: Common external power supply
 Technological challenges
◦ Power usage
◦ Scalability
◦ Security
◦ Communication mechanisms
 Ethics, control society, surveillance, consent
and data driven life

10. What is Arduino
 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on
easy-to-use hardware and software. Ardunio boards are
able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output -
activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on
the board. To do so you use the Ardunio programming
language (based on Wiring), and the ardunio
Software(IDE), based on Processing.

11. Ardunio UNO

12. ESP8266
 ESP8266 is a great thing for starting to Wifi
And IOT
 It is also cheap and be used for making cool
projects connected to the Internet .Learn how
to make a simple IOT Project with it .The
ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC
with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can
give any microcontroller access to your WiFi
network.

13. ESP8266

14. ESP8266 Pinouts
 Vcc -power supply 3.3 v
 Gnd - Ground
 RST- reset
 CH-PD-Chip power Down- Connected to 3.3V
 Rx-Recieve
 Tx - Transmit
 GPIO 0- Normal mode for HIGH Programming
Mode for LOW
 GPIO 2 General purpose 2

15. Web server
 A web server is a computer system that
processes requests via HTTP, the basic
network protocol used to distribute
information on the World Wide Web. The
term can refer to the entire system, or
specifically to the software that accepts
and supervises the HTTP requests.

16. Web server in Arduino
 Arduino is capable of creating its own web
server based on the IP address retrieved
on the basis MAC of Wifi Module, java
code is written to access the web content
into the Arduino, which can be accesses
as a web page over the internet.

17. Web interface

18. Conclusion
 This project proposes a low cost, secure, universally accessible, auto-configurable,
remotely controlled solution. The approach discussed in the project is original and
has achieved the mark to control home appliances remotely using the Wi-Fi
technology to connect system parts, satisfying user needs and requirements. Wi-Fi
technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home
security and it is low cost as compared to the previous systems. The system design
and architecture were discussed, and prototype presents the basic level of home
appliance control and remote monitoring has been implemented. Finally, the
proposed system is better from the scalability and flexibility point of view than the
commercially available home automation systems.