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11 things to check before buying a Heat pump

This document provides 11 considerations for buying a heat pump, including: 1) Heat pumps operate similarly to chillers but transfer heat in the opposite direction. 2) A heat pump's capacity is affected by the temperature of the hot water delivered. 3) Ambient temperature impacts a heat pump's electricity consumption. 4) Realized electricity savings from a heat pump may be less than estimated due to auxiliary energy use.

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11 Considerations Before you buy a heat pump
11: A heat pump is Similar to your chiller Description Chiller Heat Pump Process Refrigeration Cycle Refrigeration Cycle Application Used for Process Cooling Used for Process Heating Utilization Point Evaporator Condenser Condensing temperature 30 ⁰C to 35 ⁰C 80 ⁰C to 90 ⁰C Evaporating temperature 7 ⁰C to 12 ⁰C 15 ⁰C to 20 ⁰C COLD SINK HOT SINK Heat Pump Q1 Q2 Q1+Q2
10: Temperature of hotwater delivered plays an important role in capacity 25 TR Rated compressor 31 TR heat delivery @ 50 °C 20 TR chilled water and 28 TR heat delivery @ 65 °C
9: Effects of Ambient temperature or room temperature on electricity consumption by the heat pump Ambient Heat Primary power (Electricity) Heat Pump USABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Conventional Energy
8: Realized electricity saving is often not only governed by COP, in-fact will not match the claims by installers • Realized electricity savings will include auxiliary consumption such as pumps (it can be as high as 20% of the over all power consumed) • Such systems can reduce overall COP of system (not heat pump alone) by 0.5 to 1
7: Rated COP’s specified by manufacturers are only at test conditions 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 20 40 60 80 COP Condensing temperature (deg C) Evap = 0 C Evap = 5 C Evap = 10 C Evap = 15 C
6: Only one side of a heat pump can be primary 1 KW2 - 3 KW 3 - 4 KW+ = The system pumps heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature Heatistakeninfromtheambient If the primary use is hot water, then the cooling system is available only when the hot water load is available and vice- versa
5: Choice of refrigerant determines the max temperature and efficiency Refrigerant Tmax a (°C) Pmax (Bar) Tc b (°C) Pc c (Bar) GWP Toxicity Flammability R245fa 140 28.8 154 36.5 950 yes no R600a(Isobutane) 140 36.5 135 36.5 ˃1 no high R717(Ammonia) 110 75.7 132 112.8 0 yes medium R134a 90 32.4 101 40.6 1300 Yes Low R744 (CO2) 130 73.8 31 73.8 1 no no Opteon XP140 95 30 102 32 N/A N/A no a. Maximum operating temperature, restricted by pressure (Pmax) b. Critical Temperature c. Critical pressure (R22, R407, R410A etc.. Can operate only less than 65 °C)
4: A chiller service engineer can service your heatpump
3: However integration with your existing process requires expertise in thermal engineering, piping, hydraulics and controls Heat pump integration, especially for industrial applications should be engineered for efficiency Did you know? Poor design of buffer tank can decrease COP by up to 10%?
2: More the running hours and/or lower cost of electricity, faster is the payback 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 24 16 8 Payback-years 24 16 8 Simple Payback for 3,2, or 1 shift, 300 days a year
1: Integration with solar thermal offers best return on investment
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