JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that allows Java programs to connect to and interact with relational databases. There are four types of JDBC drivers: JDBC-ODBC bridge drivers, native-API drivers, network-protocol drivers, and database-protocol drivers. The key steps in using JDBC include: 1) loading the appropriate JDBC driver, 2) establishing a connection to the database, 3) creating statement objects to execute queries and updates, 4) executing the statements, 5) processing result sets, and 6) closing all open resources.

1. 2.1 JAVA DATABASE
CONNECTIVITY (JDBC)

2. 2.1.1 JDBC AND ODBC DATABASE
ACCESS
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC)
• is the trademark name of a Java
API that supports java program
that access relational databases.
• Using JDBC you can send SQL,
PL/SQL statements to almost
any relational databases.
• JDBC is a Java API for executing
SQL statements and supports
basic SQL functionality.
• It provides methods for querying
and updating data in a database.
• is a standard programming
language middleware API for
accessing database management
systems (DBMS).
• The designers of ODBC aimed to
make it independent of database
systems and operating systems.
• An application written using
ODBC can be ported to other
platforms, both on the client
and server side, with few
changes to the data access code.

3. 2.1.2 JDBC DRIVER TYPES
JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories.
1) JDBC-ODBC bridge
2) Native-API Driver
3) Network-Protocol Driver(MiddleWare Driver)
4) Database-Protocol Driver(Pure Java Driver)

4. Type 1 : JDBC-
ODBC bridge
Type 2 : Native-API
Driver
Type 3 : Network-
Protocol Driver
(MiddleWare Driver)
Type 4 : Database-
Protocol Driver
(Pure Java Driver)
• used to access
ODBC drivers
installed on each
client machine.
• Using ODBC
requires
configuring on
your system a
Data Source
Name (DSN) that
represents the
target database.
• JDBC API calls are
converted into
native C/C++ API
calls which are
unique to the
database.
• . These drivers
typically provided
by the database
vendors and used
in the same
manner as the
JDBC-ODBC
Bridge, the
vendor-specific
driver must be
• a three-tier
approach is used
to accessing
databases.
• The JDBC clients
use standard
network sockets
to communicate
with an
middleware
application
server.
• communicates
directly with
vendor's
database through
socket
connection.
• This is the
highest
performance
driver available
for the database
and is usually
provided by the
vendor itself.

5. 2.1.3 JDBC STATEMENT OBJECTS
INTERFACES RECOMMENDED USE
Statement Use for general-purpose access to your database.
Useful when you are using static SQL statements at
runtime. The Statement interface cannot accept
parameters.
Prepare Statement Use when you plan to use the SQL statements
many times. The PreparedStatement interface
accepts input parameters at runtime.
Callable Statement Use when you want to access database stored
procedures. The CallableStatement interface can
also accept runtime input parameters.

6. 2.1.4 STEP INVOLVE IN JDBC
a) Load the driver
b) Define the connection
c) Establish the connection
d) Create a statement object
e) Execute a query
f) Process the result
g) Close the connection

7. 1. Loading Drivers
Class.forName(“JDBCDriverClass”);
Database Driver Class Source
Ms Access sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver Already in JDK
MySQL com.mysql.jdbc.Driver Companion Website
Oracle oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver Companion Website

8. 2. Establishing connections
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(databaseURL);
Database URL Pattern Example
Ms Access jdbc:odbc:dataSource
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:od
bc:DatabaseSaya”);
MySQL jdbc:mysql://hostname/dbname
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:m
ysql://localhost/Data baseSaya”);
Oracle
jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:
port#:oracleDBSID
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:or
acle:thin:@hawariyah.
psp.edu.my:1521:ora91”,”hawariyah”,”
psp”);

9. 3. Creating Statements
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
4. Executing statements
//untuk create table baru/update data dalam table
stmt.executeUpdate(“SQL statement”);
//utk papar data dalam table
stmt.executeQuery(“SQL statement”);
Example :
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery
(“SELECT firstname,lastname FROM student WHERE lastname” + “=
‘smith’ “);

10. 5. Process the result
// Iterate through the result and print the student names
while (rs.next())
System.out.println (rs.getString(1) + “ “ + rs.getString(2) + “ “ +
rs.getString(3));
6. Close connection to database
Close the ResultSet object
 rs.close();
Close the Statement object
 stmt.close();
Close the connection
 conn.close();