Presentazione per conferenza Mensa Emilia Romagna su Storia dell'informatica 22/02/2020

1. La più umana delle
tecnologie
Storia dell’informatica – Donne e Uomini
Marco Montanari
22/02/2020

4. WWIIL’uomo più pigro
La First
Lady
Voi siete Qui

5. Alessandria, 40

6. Erone d’Alessandria
introduce il concetto di Automaton, creando dei
«distributori automatici» e delle «porte scorrevoli»

8. Lione, 1515

11. Austria, 1760
Nelle radio impazza la Contredanse Allemande.
Tuttora nessuno sa esattamente cosa sia.

14. Johann Wolfgang Ritter
von Kempelen de Pázmánd

16. Londra, 1819
Piove.
Ma è normale, è Londra…

19. Londra, 1840
Continua a Piovere.

21. Faraday

22. Michael
Faraday

23. Charles
Dickens
It was the best oftimes,
it was the worstof times,
it was the age ofwisdom,
it was the age offoolishness,
it wasthe epoch of belief,
it was the epoch ofincredulity,
it was the season ofLight,
it was the season ofDarkness,
it was the spring ofhope,
it was the winter ofdespair,
we hadeverything before us,
we hadnothing before us,
we were allgoing direct to Heaven,
we were allgoing direct the other way—in short, the period
was so farlike the present period,that some ofits noisiest
authorities insisted on its being received, forgood orforevil,
in the superlative degree ofcomparison only.

24. 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∨ 𝑏
Augustus
De Morgan
𝑎 ∨ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏

25. Forget this world and all its troubles
and if possible its multitudinous
Charlatans—every thing in short but
the Enchantress of Number
- Charles Babbage
Augusta Ada King,
Countess of Lovelace

27. Luigi Federico Menabrea
Ingegnere del politecnico di Torino
7mo Primo ministro italiano dal 1867 al 1869

29. [The AnalyticalEngine] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found
whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of
operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating
notation and mechanism of the engine...Supposing, for instance,that the fundamental relations
of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musicalcomposition were susceptible of
such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific
pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent

30. [The AnalyticalEngine] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found
whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of
operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating
notation and mechanism of the engine...Supposing, for instance,that the fundamental relations
of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musicalcomposition were susceptible of
such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific
pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent

31. [The AnalyticalEngine] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found
whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of
operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating
notation and mechanism of the engine...Supposing, for instance,that the fundamental relations
of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musicalcomposition were susceptible of
such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific
pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent

32. Berlino, 1918
99 Luftballons…

33. Arthur
Scherbius

34. US. Patent 1556964

35. US. Patent 1556964
Oct. 1925

36. Berlino, 1927
Go West, in this peaceful day…

39. Varsavia, 1929

40. Marian Rejewski

42. Londra, 1936, Novembre

43. Alan Turing

44. there is no single algorithm that infallibly gives a
correct "yes" or "no" answer to each instance of the
problem.

45. Varsavia, 1938, Settembre

46. bomba kryptologiczna

47. Varsavia, 1939, Settembre

50. bomba kryptologiczna

51. Bletchley Park, 1939, 4
Settembre

52. Alan Turing

53. WWIIL’uomo più pigro
La First
Lady
Voi siete Qui

54. Hardware
Software

55. Hardware
Software
bomba kryptologiczna

56. Bletchley Park, 1940, 18
Marzo

58. Hardware
Software
bomba kryptologiczna
Bombe
Colossus

59. Software

60. USS Missouri, Baia di
Tokio, 1945, 2 Settembre

62. 1945-1946

63. Alan Turing
John Von
Neumann

65. Pittsburgh, 1946, 14
Febbr.

66. Glen Beck
Betty Holberton
Disco Rigido

69. Londra, 1947

70. Kathleen Booth

73. Berlino, 1935

74. Konrad Zuse

76. Hessen, 1948

77. Plankalkül
P1 max3 (V0[:8.0],V1[:8.0],V2[:8.0]) → R0[:8.0]
max(V0[:8.0],V1[:8.0]) → Z1[:8.0]
max(Z1[:8.0],V2[:8.0]) → R0[:8.0]
END
P2 max (V0[:8.0],V1[:8.0]) → R0[:8.0]
V0[:8.0] → Z1[:8.0]
(Z1[:8.0] < V1[:8.0]) → V1[:8.0] → Z1[:8.0]
Z1[:8.0] → R0[:8.0]
END

78. Manchester, 1948, 21
Giugno

79. Tom Kilburn
Geoff Tootill
Frederic C.
Williams

80. Manchester
Baby

81. Williams–Kilburn
tubeBanco di RAM da 1 bit

82. Manchester, 1950

83. Autocode
c@VA t@IC x@½C y@RC z@NC
INTEGERS +5 →c # Put 5 into c
→t # Load argument from lower accumulator
# to variable t
+t TESTA Z # Put |t| into lower accumulator
-t
ENTRY Z
SUBROUTINE 6 →z # Run square root subroutine on
# lower accumulator value
# and put the result into z
+tt →y →x # Calculate t^3 and put it into x
+tx →y →x
+z+cx CLOSE WRITE 1 # Put z + (c * x) into
# lower accumulator
# and return

84. Washington, 1951, Marzo

85. J. Presper Eckert,
John Mauchly
Remington Rand
$
UNIVAC I

86. WWIIL’uomo più pigro
La First
Lady
Voi siete Qui

87. Grace Hopper

88. Margaret Hamilton

89. Elizabeth
Jocelyn “Jake”
Feinler

90. Hardware

96. 1975

100. Bill Gates
Paul Allen
Fondano Microsoft nel 1975

101. “I choose a lazy person to do a hard job.
Because a lazy person will find an easy way
to do it.”
― Bill Gates

103. Windows

117. Steven Paul Jobs
Fonda Apple nel 1976
1976 Apple I
1977 Apple II
Battaglia legale con Microsoft
1983 Apple Lisa
1984 Macintosh

119. Steven Paul Jobs
Fonda Apple nel 1976
1976 Apple I
1977 Apple II
Battaglia legale con Microsoft
1983 Apple Lisa
1984 Macintosh
Viene cacciato da Apple nel 1985

122. Steven Paul Jobs
Fonda Apple nel 1976
1976 Apple I
1977 Apple II
Battaglia legale con Microsoft
1983 Apple Lisa
1984 Macintosh
Viene cacciato da Apple nel 1985
Fonda NeXT nel 1985
Finanzia la divisione Compter Graphics di Lucasfilm
Lucasfilm CG diventa Pixar nel 1994
Apple compra NeXT nel 1997
Sigla il MS Deal
Principale attore della “Apple Renaissance”

124. iMac - 1999
iPod - 2001
iBook - 2002
iPhone - 2008

125. Muore JobsJobs fuori da Apple

126. Network
• 1960 – Davies «Packet
Switching»
• 1973 – Cerf «Transmission
Control protocol» +
«Internet Protocol»

127. 1977

128. 1986

129. 2020

130. 1989

131. Browsers

135. UNIX

136. Kernigham e Ritchie
definiscono il linguaggio C
I Guerra
delle licenze

139. "free software" is a matter of liberty, not price. To
understand the concept, you should think of "free"
as in "free speech," not as in "free beer"
Richard Stallman

141. Steve Jobs
torna in Apple

151. In the meantime…
… there’s no business like show business

152. Gen. 1 – 1972-1980

153. 1972

154. 1972

155. 1979

158. Gen 2 – 1976-1992

163. Gen 3 – 1983-2003

167. Shigeru
Miyamoto

171. Gen 4

179. Gen 5

187. Gen 6

194. Gen 7

200. Gen 8

206. WWIIL’uomo più pigro
La First
Lady
Voi siete Qui

209. Grazie