3. Symbolism – each figure in this cartoon represents something Also the weapons, boots and uniform represent force / violence It is an exaggeration and a simplification to show Ireland and India crawl before Britain. It is a simplification of the issues. This makes it very effective as a message, but unreliable as evidence The cartoonist is biased. He clearly sympathies with India and Ireland. The figure representing Britain is portrayed in a negative light . Its hostile to Britain Zoomorphism – making a figure animalistic shows hostility. Britain is represented as dog or pig-like

6. The words underneath as called the caption Never forget, this is not Gandhi speaking. It is the cartoonist’s representation of Gandhi. He is putting words in Gandhi’s mouth

8. Take nothing at face value. The fire is not fire: it represents the violence and destruction of India after partition. The storm clouds represent trouble ahead. The building is not a building. It is India or Indian government. Gandhi’s statue – how sad it looks – this is all a betrayal of Gandhi’s great dream of peace and unity Here we have use of colour , which is very effective. Colour affects us subconsciously in a very powerful way We associate red with danger and violence. We associate black with death and despair