This document contains an outline for a presentation on organizational planning. It lists the group members and course instructor. The presentation outline covers definitions of planning, planning terminology, the history of planning, types of planning, planning skills, features of good planning, SWOT and SMART approaches, barriers and limitations to planning, why planning fails, and sharing practical experiences. The objectives are to provide an overview of organizational planning processes, describe the purpose and future of planning, identify basic planning skills, and barriers and limitations to planning. Real organizational planning practices will also be illustrated.

2. 5-2
Group Member’s
1.Sara Jemal
2.Shimelis Birhanu
3.Setegn Addisu
4.Selamawit Wolde
5.Solomon T/Markos
6.Sisay Tufa
Course Instructor BonsonCourse Instructor Bonson
A. (ass. professorA. (ass. professor)
JAN.15.2017
Addis Ababa/ Ethiopia

3. Presentation Out LinePresentation Out Line
 Definition of planning
 Planning Terminologies
 History of planning
 Types of planning
 Planning Skills
 Features of Good planning
 SWOT & SMART Approach
 Barriers & Limitation of
planning ?
 Why planning fails?
 Practical Experience
Sharing

4. 4
Presentation Objectives
1. Provide an overview of an organizational planning &
Decision Making activities & process.
2. Describe the purpose & future of planning
3. Identify basic required skills to develop planning
4. Identify common barriers and limitations of planning.
5. To illustrate real organizational planning practice

5. 5
INTRODUCTION
Basic Managerial Function
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members

6. 6
1.1 Definition of planning
 ‘’If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail”
B.Franklin
 “If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end
up someplace else.” Yogi Berra
 “Without the activities determined by planning,
there would be nothing to organize, no one to
activate and no need to control”. George R. Terry

7. 7
1.1 What Is planning ???
 Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done in
future, when, where and by whom it is to be done.
 A blueprint specifying the resource allocation,
schedules, and other actions necessary for attaining
goals.
 Planning is preparation for action & its a means to an end
 It is a process of thinking before doing.

8. 1.2 PLANINING TERMINOLOGIES
 Mission
 Reason of Existence
 Vision
 A desired future state
 Values
 A philosophical priorities
 Goal
 A desired future attempts
to realize
 Objectives
 The ends toward which
activity is directed
8
 Strategies
 A program to attain Object.
 Policies
 A framework for making
decisions
 Plan
 Specifying & organizing the
resource for meeting goals
 Planning:
 Determining org.’s goals &
the means for achieving them

9. 9
1.3 PLANING HISTORY
•entered to the public and semi-public sectors
during the mid-1980s
•entered to the public and semi-public sectors
during the mid-1980s

10. 10
1.3 PLANING HISTORY In Ethiopia
CONT…

11. 11
1.3 PLANING HISTORY In Ethiopia & History of
Planning Institution CONT…
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Name of Government Institution Period
Empire Haile Selassie
Regime
Planning Board 1952/53 -1973/74
During Dergue Period Central Planning National
Committee Office
1974/75-1990
During the Transition
Period
Ministry of Planning and
Economic Development
1990/91-1994/1995
After the Transition
(FDRE)
Ministry of Economic
Development and corporation
1995/96-2000/01
Ministry of Finance and
Economic Development
2001/02-2012/13
National Planning Commission 2013/2014

12. 1.4 Types Of Planning

13. 1.4 Types Of Planning Cont.…

14. 1.4 Types Of Planning Cont.…

15. 15
1.4 Types Of Planning Cont.…

16. 1.4 Types Of Planning Cont.…
16
Levels of Goals/PlansLevels of Goals/Plans Managerial Planning InvolvementManagerial Planning Involvement

17. 1.5 Why We Need Planning ???
17
Merit Demerit
1. Reduces uncertainty
2. Ensures economical
operations
3. Facilitates control
4. Improves motivation
5. Gives competitive edge
6. Avoids duplication of efforts
1. Limitations of forecasts
2. Rigidity in administration
3. Time consuming process
4. Costly affair
5. Influence of external factors
6. Psychological factors

18. 1.5 Why We Need
Planning Cont. …. ???
18
A. Organization succeed
B. Efficient utilization of resource
C. Cooperative & coordination
effort
D. Direction and sense of purpose
E. Reduce uncertainty
F. Anticipated the future
G. Source of Motivation &
Commitment

19. 19
1.6 PLANNING PROCESS
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members

20. 1.7 FEATURES OF GOOD PLANNING
 It is Based on Clearly
Defined Objectives
 It is Simple
 It is Flexible
 It is Comprehensive
 It is Time-Bound
 Unity and Continuous
 It is Balanced, Practicable
and Suitable According to
the Size and form of the
Business
20
 It uses Available Resources to
the Utmost before Creating
New Authorities and New
Resources
 Participation by Subordinates
 Pervasive as all the levels of
management plan
 It Provides for a Proper
Analysis and Classification of
Action

21. 21
1.8 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR
PLANNING

22. 1.8 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR
PLANNING Cont.….
Forecasting techniques

23. 1.8 SKILLS REQUIRED
FOR PLANNING Cont.…
2.2 Steps In Decision Making
1. Ascertain the need for a
decision
2. Establish decision criteria
3. Allocate weights to criteria
4. Develop Alternatives
5. Evaluate Alternatives
6. Select the Best Alternative
7. Putting Decision Into Action
8. Following up Decisions
Decision Making Process
23

24. 24
1.8 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR
PLANNING Cont.…
2.3 Types of in Decision Making

25. 25
1.8 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR
PLANNING Cont.…
2.4 Decision making situations

26. 26
1.9 DECISION-MAKING
CONDITIONS
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Plan
Developed
By:
Advantages Disadvantages
Full Board
of Directors
• Ownership by leadership
• Board becomes more
informed about programs and
activities
• Time availability may be
limited and scheduling
difficult
• May not achieve staff
ownership
Staff • Clear understanding of
operation
• Time flexibility
• Limited board involvement
and subsequent ownership
• May detract from other staff
responsibilities

27. 27
1.9 DECISION-MAKING
CONDITIONS Cont.…
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Plan
Developed
By:
Advantages Disadvantages
Committee • Manageable size
• Can include a variety of
perspectives (such as board,
staff, partners, constituents,
etc.)
• Full board may not feel sense
of ownership of plan details
• Board perspectives may be
excluded
Consultant • Good understanding of
planning process
• Should produce timely and
professional-looking plan
• Limited board and staff
participation may lead to
limited sense of ownership
of plan details
• Limited board leadership
development

28. 28
1.10 SWOT ANALYSIS IN
PLANNING
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members

29. 29
1.10 SWOT ANALYSIS IN
PLANNING CONT….
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Acronym Description Basic Parameter
S Strength
It Could be:
a)Adequate Technical expertise
b)Adequate financial resources?
c)Good competitive skills & Cost advantages?
d)Good Will by customers?
e)Product/service innovation abilities?
f)Proven management? & Acknowledged market leader
W WEAKNESS
It is something that a company lacks.
a)Less competent staff & Insufficient funds?
b)Lack of goodwill in the market & Poor profitability?
c)Obsolete plant and machinery & small portfolio ranges
d)No clear strategic direction?
e)Lack of managerial depth or talent?
f)Absence of key skills or competencies?

30. 30
1.10 SWOT ANALYSIS IN
PLANNING CONT….
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Acronym Description Basic Parameter
O OPPORTUNITIES It Could be:
a)To enter in a new product line
b)To expand the company’s existing product lines
c)To enter into the foreign markets
d)To acquire the rival firms
e)To create new alliances to increase competitive strength.
f)To use latest technologies in the business.
T THREATS on any undertaking:
A)New competitors may enter the field
B) Customers purchasing substitute products
C) New technology making products obsolete
D)Slow down in the market leading to slump.
E) Change in government policies
F) Shift in buyers needs and tastes

31. 31
1.11 SMART APPROACH
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members

32. 32
1.11 SMART APPROACH
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Acronym Description Developing SMART Goals
S Specific . A specific goal will usually answer the five "W" questions:
•What: What do I want to accomplish?
•Why: Specific reasons, purpose or benefits of accomplishing
the goal.
•Who: Who is involved?
•Where: Identify a location.
•Which: Identify requirements and constraints.
M Measureable A measurable goal will usually answer questions such as:
• How much?
• How many?
• How will I know when it is accomplished?

33. 33
1.11 SMART APPROACH
CONT…
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members
Acronym Description Developing SMART Goals
A Attainable An attainable goal will usually answer the question:
•How: How can the goal be accomplished?
R Relevant A relevant goal will usually answer the question:
•Does this seem worthwhile?
T Time Bound A timely goal will usually answer the question:
•When?
•What can I do 6 months from now?
•What can I do 6 weeks from now?
•What can I do today?
R Reevaluate
Reward
• Reevaluate each goal to make sure they are still relevant
and attainable.
• Once goals have been accomplished, celebrate in their
accomplishment and start developing new SMART goals.

34. 34
1.12 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
STRATEGIC PLANNING Cont.…
S/N Barriers to
Strategy
Formulation
Barriers to Strategy
Implementation
How to Remove
Barriers?
1 Identical procedures Lack of accountability Clear Communications
2 Strict limitations Lack of commitment Manage the Change Process
3 People Inadequate instructions
to employees
Participation of employees
in planning process
4 Emphasized
ceremonial work
Power & Influence: Regular checks
5 Limited discussion Culture Accountability

35. 35
1.13 LIMITATIONS
TO EFFECTIVE PLANING

36. 1.14 WHY PLANNING FAIL ???
1. Lack of top management’s
commitment
2. Lack of control Mechanism
3. Entrenched self-interests
4. Corporate culture.
5. Fear
6. Ignorance
7. Failing to periodically alter the
plan
8. Deviation from actual
objectives
9. Lack of confidence about
success
11. Lack of understanding of the role
in the execution process
12. Deviation from planned objective
13. Changes in responsibilities of
employees were not clear
14. People are not fully rewarded for
the execution of plans
15. Inadequate directions given by
departmental mangers
16. Information system used for
implementation is inadequate
17. Overall goals are not understood
by employees
36

37. 1.14 WHY PLANNING FAIL
In Ethiopia???
1. Hiwote Abate Research
 Lack of awareness in the
organization vision
 Lack participation in formulation of
SP
 Don’t carried out effective SWOT
Analysis
 Don’t annually reviewed SWOT
Analysis
 Don’t considered dynamic business
environment
 No KPI for the evaluation of SP
 lack of employee’s motivation and
reward systems strategies design
 No subsequent evaluation strategies 37
2. Assefa Beyene Research
Minimal and ineffective communication
There was also lack of adequate
monitoring, follow up and feedback
systems.
Decisions were made without aligning
SP document.
 Lack of adequately share their
institution’s vision

38. 38
REFERENCE
1. Marx, T. G. (1991). "Removing the obstacles to effective strategic planning." Long
Range Planning24 (4): 21-28.
2. Butler, J. E., B. Brown, et al. (2000). "Guanxi and the dynamics of overseas Chinese
entrepreneurial behavior in Southeast Asia." Management and Organizations in the
Chinese Context, Macmillan, Basingstoke: 245-268.
3. Cascella, V. (2002). "Effective strategic planning." Quality progress35(11): 62-67.
4. Al-Ghamdi, S. M. (1998). "Obstacles to successful implementation of strategic
decisions: the British experience." European Business Review98(6): 322-327.
5. International Institute for Educational Planning. (2010). Strategic planning: Concept
and rationale.
PESC MBA Program Organizational Planning Assignment By G1 Members

39. 39
REFERENCE CONT ….
6. Caillods, F. 1989. ‘The prospects for educational planning’. A workshop organized by
IIEP on the
7. occasion of its 25th anniversary. Paris: IIEP–UNESCO.Kaufman, R.; Herman, J. 1991.
Strategic Planning in Education: Rethinking, restructuring, revitalizing. Lancaster, PA :
Technomic Publishing Company.
8.Williams, J.H.; Cummings, W.K. 2005. Policy-making for Education Reform in
Developing Countries:Contexts and processes, Vol. 1. Lanhan, MD: Rowman and Littlefi eld
Publishing Group.
9. Hiwot Abate(2016), Assessment on formulation and execution of strategic plan: in the
case of moha soft drinks industry s.co. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Mary’s University.
10. Team FM (2013. SWOT Analysis Strategy skills: www.free-management e-book.com

40. 40
REFERENCE CONT ….
11. Assefa Beyene Bassa. The Practice of Strategic Planning and Strategy Implementation in
Public Universities of Ethiopia Educational Planning 17 Vol. 22, No. 2
12. Management, Tenth Edition: Richard L. Daft, & Patricia G. Lane , Vanderbilt University
13. This is the book Management Principles (v. 1.0):-nc-sa 3.0 (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/)
14. Shane P. Desselle/David P/2009/Second edition: Pharmacy Management, Esential for all
practice seting
15.The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, The Second Growth and Transformation
Plan (GTP II), (2015/16-2019/20)(Draft), National Planning Commission, September 2015,
Addis Ababa
16. The Ethiopian New,Institutional, Framework,Habtamu Getachew17-18 Nov
2015,Incheon, South Korea
17. Tesfaye Asfaw,The Ethiopian Economy: Structure, Problems and Policy Issues, AN
OVERVIEW OF ETHIOPIA'S PLANNING EXPERIENCE

41. “If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end up
someplace else.” Yogi Berra,

42. THE END!!!
THANK YOU!!!
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