Statistics is the study of collecting, organizing, and interpreting numerical data. It has two main branches: descriptive statistics, which summarizes and describes data, and inferential statistics, which is used to analyze samples and make generalizations about populations. The key concepts in statistics include populations, samples, parameters, statistics, qualitative and quantitative data, discrete and continuous variables.

1. Prepared by:
Ms. MA. IRENE G. GONZALES
Mathematics Department
University of Santo Tomas Junior High School

2. Do you want to live a chaotic life?

3. ∆ Define Statistics
∆ Describe the two Branches of Statistics
∆ Identify the fundamental elements of
Statistics
∆ Analyze data to predict the future and
make better decisions

5. In plural form, it refers to set of
numerical data.
In singular form, it is an academic
discipline.
Question: Is it in singular or in plural form?
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

6. DEFINITION OF STATISTICS
Statistics is a branch of mathematics
that deals with the scientific
collection, organization, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of
numerical data in order to obtain
useful and meaningful information.
COPAI Notes # 1

7. DEFINITION OF STATISTICS
Statistics is a branch of mathematics
that deals with the scientific
collection, organization, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of
numerical data in order to obtain
useful and meaningful information.
COPAI Notes # 1

8. Notes # 1

9.  Collection of Data
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

10.  Collection of Data
 Organization and Presentation
of Data
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

11.  Collection of Data
 Organization and Presentation
of Data
 Analysis of Data
close examination: the examination of
something in detail in order to understand
it better or draw conclusions from it
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

12.  Collection of Data
 Organization and Presentation
of Data
 Analysis of Data
separation into components: the separation of
something into its constituents in order to find
out what it contains, to examine individual
parts, or to study the structure of the whole
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

13.  Collection of Data
 Organization and Presentation
of Data
 Analysis of Data
 Interpretation of Data
STATISTICS
Notes # 1

14. Let us EXPLORE more about how
STATISTICS works… 
You are requested by your
Math Teacher to go to the
National Statistics Office (NSO)
and get a copy of the population
data of the Philippines from
January 2006 to December 2014.
You are required to produce a
comprehensive report about the
said topic. How will you go about
preparing the report to your
Math Teacher within the specified
period of time?

15. YEAR POPULATION IN PH
2006 85.26 M
2007 86.97 M
2008 88.71 M
2009 90.46 M
2010 91.02 M
2011 92.60 M
2012 94.80 M
2013 97.10 M
2014 98.80 M

18. INTERPRETATION OF DATA/DRAWING
CONCLUSIONS/MAKING DECISIONS
FROM THE DATA
• Based on the data patterns, the population
of the country will increase rapidly.
• If the populace would be productive,
increasing population would not prevent
economic development.

19. Descriptive Statistics
A statistical method concerned
with the collection,
organization, presentation and
description of sample data.
BRANCHES OF STATISTICS
Notes # 1

20. BRANCHES OF STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
The NSO conducts surveys to
determine the average age,
income, and other
characteristics of the Filipino
people.
Notes # 1

21. DIVISIONS OF STAT
Inferential Statistics
concerned with the analysis of a
sample data leading to prediction,
inferences, interpretation, decision
or conclusion about the entire
population
Notes # 1

22. Inferential Statistics
It only took 2 years for Facebook to
reach a market audience of 50
million. Therefore, Facebook is
very influential.
DIVISIONS OF STAT
Notes # 1

23. Inferential Statistics
The number of internet devices in
1984 was 1,000. In 1992, it
became 1,000,000. And in 2008,
1,000,000,000. What can you
predict from this data?
DIVISIONS OF STAT
Notes # 1

24. Inferential Statistics
A teacher determines if the mean
score of the students in her class in
a mathematics test is significantly
related to their scores in a science
test.
DIVISIONS OF STAT
Notes # 1

25. Identify whether each situation
illustrates descriptive (D) or
inferential (I) statistics.
1. the average price of houses in
Laguna
2. the effects of AH1N1 virus to
the death rate worldwide
D
I
ANSWERS

26. Identify whether each situation
illustrates descriptive (D) or
inferential (I) statistics.
3. The guard in the SM Megamall
records the number of
shoppers for the past 15 days
D
ANSWERS

27. Identify whether each situation
illustrates descriptive (D) or
inferential (I) statistics.
4. 100 customers have their
corresponding age and buying
preference results. The
manager wants to determine
their relationship.
I
ANSWERS

28. Identify whether each situation
illustrates descriptive (D) or
inferential (I) statistics.
5. A campaign manager analyzes
the effect of TV ads on the
promotion of a senatorial
candidate.
I
ANSWERS

29. POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Notes # 1

30. Population
The totality of all the elements
or persons for which one has
an interest at a particular time.
It is denoted by N.
POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Notes # 1

31. Population
 the faculty members of the
UST-JHS
 the athletes of UST
 Facebook users worldwide
POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Notes # 1

32. Sample
It is a subset of a population.
It is denoted by n.
POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Notes # 1

33. POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Sample
 selected students from Grade 8
 selected employees in a
company
 10 selected babies born in
India everyday
Notes # 1

34. Identify whether each statement
refers to a population (P) or sample
(S).
1. a group of 25 students selected
to test a new teaching
technique
S
ANSWERS

35. Identify whether each statement
refers to a population (P) or sample
(S).
2. the total machines produced by
a factory in one weekP
ANSWERS

36. Identify whether each statement
refers to a population (P) or sample
(S).
3. the yearly expenditure on food
for 10 familiesS
ANSWERS

37. Identify whether each statement
refers to a population (P) or sample
(S).
4. All legal immigrants of Canada
P
ANSWERS

38. Identify whether each statement
refers to a population (P) or sample
(S).
5. Monthly food budget of 30
families in ManilaS
ANSWERS

39. PARAMETER VS
STATISTIC
Parameter
Any statistical information or
attribute taken from a
population.
PP
Notes # 1

40. Statistic
Any estimate of statistical
attributes taken from a sample
SS
PARAMETER VS
STATISTIC
Notes # 1

41. √ Define Statistics
√ Describe the two Branches of Statistics
√ Population vs. Sample
√ Parameter vs. Statistic

43. SUMMARY
DESCRIPTIVE
INFERENTIAL
POPULATION
SAMPLE
PARAMETER
STATISTIC
Notes # 1

44. DATA
A collection of observable
information or facts.
Notes # 1

45. TWO TYPES OF DATA
AGE – GENDER
HEIGHT – RELIGION
WEIGHT – ATTITUDE
Can you see the difference?
Notes # 1

46. QUALITATIVE VS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Quantitative Data
These are numerical information
obtained from counting or
measuring that which can be
manipulated by any fundamental
operation.
Notes # 1

47. Quantitative Data
Age
Weight
Height
QUALITATIVE VS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Notes # 1

48. Qualitative Data
These are descriptive attributes
and characterized by categorical
responses.
QUALITATIVE VS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Notes # 1

49. Qualitative Data
Gender
Religion
Attitude
QUALITATIVE VS
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Notes # 1

50. Classify the following as qualitative
(QL) or quantitative (QN).
1. net weight (in grams) of a
packaged cereal.
2. brand of a personal computer
used
QN
QL
answers

51. Classify the following as qualitative
(QL) or quantitative (QN).
3. amount of money spent on
clothing last month
4. Number of local calls made
per month
QN
QN
answers

52. Classify the following as qualitative
(QL) or quantitative (QN).
5. primary type of transportation
used by studentsQL
answers

55. VARIABLE
Observable characteristics or
phenomena of a person or object
whereby the members of the
group or set vary from one
another.
Notes # 1

56. DISCRETE VS
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
Discrete Variable
A variable that can be obtained
by counting
Notes # 1

57. Discrete Variable
number of computers in a
laboratory
DISCRETE VS
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
Notes # 1

58. Continuous Variable
• A variable that can be obtained
by measuring objects or attributes
• Can assume infinite number of
values between any two specific
numbers
DISCRETE VS
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
Notes # 1

59. Continuous Variable
Weight of students
Area of the classroom floor
DISCRETE VS
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
Notes # 1

60. Classify the following as discrete (D)
or continuous (C).
1. Weight of students in private
high schools
2. Outcome in rolling a pair of
dice
C
D
answers

61. Classify the following as discrete (D)
or continuous (C).
3. Amount of money spent on
groceries in a month
4. Number of persons in a family
5. Water temp. of 10 rivers in the
Philippines on a given day.
C
D
C
answers

62. SUMMARY