This document discusses theories of participatory communication and development communication. It contrasts a top-down "diffusion" model with a bottom-up "participatory" model. The participatory model stresses the importance of cultural identity, democracy, and participation at all levels from local communities to the international level. It argues communication must involve dialogue and listening rather than just one-way messaging. The document also outlines two approaches to participatory communication - Paulo Freire's emphasis on dialogue and respect for people's autonomy, and UNESCO's framework of access, participation, and self-management in media.