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The intersection of innovative pedagogy, meaningful learning and games

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The intersection of innovative pedagogy, meaningful learning and games

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Curiosity is the key for meaningful learning. We all agree on that. But how do you generate curiosity in students that do not always want to be engaged? How do you continuously feed it over time?

In short, we believe that by offering play you might be able to create meaningful experience for the user which would end with moments of enlightenment. This should trigger more curiosity and develop passion. This talk tries to explain how good video games are built to create that process.

Curiosity is the key for meaningful learning. We all agree on that. But how do you generate curiosity in students that do not always want to be engaged? How do you continuously feed it over time?

In short, we believe that by offering play you might be able to create meaningful experience for the user which would end with moments of enlightenment. This should trigger more curiosity and develop passion. This talk tries to explain how good video games are built to create that process.

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The intersection of innovative pedagogy, meaningful learning and games

  1. 1. โ€ซืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœโ€ฌ, โ€ซื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื—ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ืฆืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื ื”ืœืชโ€ฌFLUX โ€ซืื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืืžื ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื•ื–โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื—ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืฆื‘โ€ฌFLUX โ€ซืžืฉื—ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืคืชื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืฆื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืชืžืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ืžื—ื”โ€ฌ
  2. 2. โ€ซื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸโ€ฌ" :โ€ซื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžื”โ€ฌ?" โ€ซื”ืจื‘ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขื˜โ€ฌ
  3. 3. โ€ซื›ืœื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”โ€ฌ Taken from: elta.wordpress.com
  4. 4. โ€ซืœืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื™ื”โ€ฌ Taken from: advisoranalyst.com
  5. 5. โ€ซื™ืœื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื—ืงื™โ€ฌ Taken from: calcalist.co.il
  6. 6. "โ€ซืœืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื™ืฉื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื•ืงื—ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื—ื ื•โ€ฌ-โ€ซืฉืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื•ืฆืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ,โ€ซื”ื–ืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืชื ืกื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืฆื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ"... Mitch Resnik, MIT Professor of Learning
  7. 7. "โ€ซืจื•ื ื™โ€ฌ,โ€ซื”ืื•ื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชืงืจืจโ€ฌ... !?"
  8. 8. โ€œParental Guidanceโ€, 2012
  9. 9. โ€ขโ€ซืœืฉื—ืงืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืคืฉโ€ฌ โ€ขโ€ซืฉืœื™ื˜ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื ืงืชโ€ฌ
  10. 10. โ€ขโ€ซื‘ืžืฉืชืžืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื™ื˜ื”โ€ฌ โ€ขโ€ซื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื™ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ
  11. 11. โ€ซื”ื™ืฉื’โ€ฌAchievement โ€ซืขืงื•ืฃโ€ฌ10โ€ซื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื’ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื ืกื™ืขื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื ื•ืขื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืงื•ืฃโ€ฌ10โ€ซื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื ื•ืขื”โ€ฌ
  12. 12. The Flow as a design factor โ€ซืงื•ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ืžืŸโ€ฌ
  13. 13. โ€ซืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ The Flow as a design factor โ€ซืงื•ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ืžืŸโ€ฌ
  14. 14. Flow, the secret to happiness Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Ted, 2004
  15. 15. โ€ซื”ืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื—โ€ฌ
  16. 16. โ€ซื‘ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ืฆื“โ€ฌโ€ซืžืฉื—ืงโ€ฌโ€ซื˜ื•ื‘โ€ฌ? โ€ซืขืงืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”โ€ฌ"โ€ซืžื•ืฉื™ืขโ€ฌ" โ€ซื—ื•ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืคืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื—ื™ืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื™ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ:โ€ซืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื•ืžืกโ€ฌ โ€ซืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืจืคืœืงืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืขื•ืจโ€ฌ
  17. 17. โ€ซื‘ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ืฆื“โ€ฌโ€ซืžืฉื—ืงโ€ฌโ€ซื˜ื•ื‘โ€ฌ? โ€ซืขืงืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”โ€ฌ"โ€ซืžื•ืฉื™ืขโ€ฌ" โ€ซื—ื•ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืคืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื—ื™ืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื™ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ:โ€ซืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื•ืžืกโ€ฌ โ€ซืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืจืคืœืงืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืขื•ืจโ€ฌ "โ€ซืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื•ื›ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ืฉื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื—ืงื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ"... James Paul Gee, Professor of Literacy
  18. 18. โ€ซื‘ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ืฆื“โ€ฌโ€ซืžืฉื—ืงโ€ฌโ€ซื˜ื•ื‘โ€ฌ? โ€ซืขืงืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”โ€ฌ"โ€ซืžื•ืฉื™ืขโ€ฌ" โ€ซื—ื•ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืคืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื—ื™ืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื™ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ:โ€ซืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื•ืžืกโ€ฌ โ€ซืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื–ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืจืคืœืงืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืฉื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืขื•ืจโ€ฌ
  19. 19. "โ€ซื”ื™ืงืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืœืžื™ื“ื™โ€ฌ,โ€ซื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืกื•ื‘ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื•ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ"... John Hunter, Teacher
  20. 20. "โ€ซืขื•ื‘ื“ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”โ€ฌ.โ€ซืงืฉื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌโ€ซืœื”ืจื“ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืœื™ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืืชืžื•ืœโ€ฌ"... Walter Lewin, MIT Professor of Physics
  21. 21. โ€ซื›ื—โ€ฌโ€ซื”ืชืฉื•ืงื”โ€ฌ.โ€ซื›ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื•ืจื”โ€ฌ
  22. 22. "โ€ซืžืฉื”ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื•ืžื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ืจื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืงืกื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืœื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื“ืฉโ€ฌ.โ€ซืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืœืžื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื–ืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื”โ€ฌ"... Neil Gershenfeld, MIT Professor
  23. 23. Borrowed from: my4mistersandtheirsister.com โ€ซืขื•ืฉื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”โ€ฌ?
  24. 24. Borrowed from: my4mistersandtheirsister.com
  25. 25. โ€ซืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืœื™ืžื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืขื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืจืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืœื™ืžื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืขื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืจืšโ€ฌ
  26. 26. โ€ซื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื’ืจื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื›ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื™ืฃโ€ฌ
  27. 27. โ€ซืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืžื™โ€ฌ
  28. 28. โ€ซื”ืœื•ืžื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืืฆืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขื’ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉื•ืงื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉืœื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืกืงืจื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืงืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืกื™ืคื•ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืขืฆืžื”โ€ฌ
  29. 29. The Meaningful Learning Cycle: How Learning Should Really Happen? Liron Levi & Shachar Oz , Feb 2017
  30. 30. FLUX:โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื™ืฆื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืจื’ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืžื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืืคื™ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื”โ€ฌ www.FLUX-EXPERIENCES.com
  31. 31. โ€ซื›ื‘ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื ืฆืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืืคืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื›ืฉื™ื•โ€ฌ
  32. 32. SimCity , 1989 SimCity 2000 Walkthrough
  33. 33. Makey Makey
  34. 34. โ€ซืื•ืจโ€ฌ,โ€ซื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื›ื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”โ€ฌ PLAY Symphony
  35. 35. โ€ซืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืฆืจื ื•โ€ฌFLUX
  36. 36. PlugiZ
  37. 37. Living in the Holy Land
  38. 38. Mission 1: โ€ซื”ืงืจื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ, โ€ซื•ื™ืฆืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื›ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
  39. 39. โ€ซืžืงื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ข Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave/Macmillan โ€ข Malone, T. W .& , Lepper ,M. R. (1987). Making learning fun: taxonomy of intrinsic motivations for learning. In R. E. Snow & M. J. Farr Eds. Aptitude, learning and instruction. Volume 3: Conative and affective process analysis, pp .223-253. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum โ€ข Prensky M. (2000). From digital game-based learning. McGraw-Hill โ€ข Squire, K. (2005). Changing the Game: What Happens When Video Games Enter the Classroom?. Innovate 1 (6) [link] โ€ข Summit on educational games (2006). Harnessing the power of video games for learning. Federation of American Scientists. 2005 [link] โ€ข Squire, K. & Jenkins, H. (2004). Harnessing the power of games in education. Insight (3)1, 5- 33 [link]

Editor's Notes

  • ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ืจืฆืื”. ืืœื ืกื“ื ื. ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืฆืขืงื•.

    ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•:
    ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
    ืื™ืš ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
  • ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ืจืฆืื”. ืืœื ืกื“ื ื. ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืฆืขืงื•.

    ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•:
    ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
    ืื™ืš ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
  • [ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืžืขื˜] ืื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช
    ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™?
    ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™?
    ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™?
    ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™?

  • ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ?
    ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™. ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™. ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกืจ.
    ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืชืฉื—ืงื• ืžืฉื—ืง, ืชืกืคืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืชืงืจื™ื ื• ืกืจื˜, ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื—ื›ื. ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™ืช.


  • ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”... ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืจ.
  • ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ืœื ืจืง ืื ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™. ื’ื ืืชื... ๏Š
    ย 
    [ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช]
    ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื? ืœืžื”? ื˜ืืงื™, ืจืžื™ืงื•ื‘, ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื, ื’ื•ืžื™, ื’ื™ืœืœื•ืฉื”, ื’ื•ื’ื•ืื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ
    ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฃ, ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ืชื—ืจื•ืช
    ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืงืจ ื›ืฉื›ื™ืฃ ืœืš. ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžื—ื™ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื”. ืชืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื—ืงืชื ืคืขื...
    ืžื” ืœืžื“ืชื ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœื›ื?
    ืžืชื™ ื”ืคืกืงืชื ืœืฉื—ืง? ืœืžื”? ื‘ื’ืŸ/ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ/ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ/ ืœื ื”ืคืกืงืชื™
  • ื›ื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”. ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืชื” ื' ืฉื ืฆืจื™ืš "ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“".
    ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื.
    ื‘ื’ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ. ืœืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื? ื›ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื?

    ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉืœ ืจื–ื ื™ืง ืžMIT ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.

    ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœืžื™ื“ื”...
    ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชื™ืช...
  • ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™, ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ื™ื—ื“. ื›ืฉืื—ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข, ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ืฉื ื™ื ื•. ื’ื“ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• "ื™ืœื“ื™ ืžืคืชื—". ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ (ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ), ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื (ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื) ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื™ ืขืจ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื. ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™- ื”ืชืœื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืขืฆื•ื. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืฉื ื›ืฉืœืชื™... ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืฉื•ื‘. ืœื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื–ื” ื”ืงืกื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
    ย 
    ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ื ื•/ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื”/ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืžืื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืืœื ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื’ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื• ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื–ื• ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“; ื’ื ื›ืืœื” ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ื’ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช.
    ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืจื›ื™ื•ืช. ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืžืžืฉื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืžืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
  • ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืฉืขืžื?
  • ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง Black n White ืœืžืฉืœ ืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชืชืŸ ืœื ืชื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

    ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.

    ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”? ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง.

    ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื”: ืžื—ืงืจ Yallum 1980 ืžืฆื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืœื ืžืกื’ืจืช
  • ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœ: ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืขืจ. ืœืืŸ ืชืœืš?

    ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” (ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืขืจ). ืœืืŸ ืชืœื›ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• / ืžื” ืชืขืฉื•?

    ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืžืขืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืื™ืคื” ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืฉืœื• ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ื›ืขืก, ื™ื—ื™ื™ืš ืื• ื™ืชืขืฆื‘. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื•ืงื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื•.

    ืจืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
    ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงืกืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ืœืœื ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉ"ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื" ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืืก.
    ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง.
  • ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘ (ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ)
    ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื. ืขืงื•ืฃ 10 ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
    ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื‘. ืขืงื•ืฃ 10 ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
    ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืจืื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?


    ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”"ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™".


    ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื:
    ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
    ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™
    ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ื™ื
  • ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
    ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื•.
    ืžืฉื—ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœื• ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ (ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืกืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื•), ื•ืื– ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•.
  • ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืืชื’ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช.
    ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ: ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืืชื’ืจ ืงืฉื”/ ืžืจื›ื–ื™. ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ "ื”ื ื”, ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉืชืคืจืชื™! ืชืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื..."
    ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฉื”.
  • ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื.
    ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ืœืš. ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื”.
    ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืงื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงื˜ืข ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืชื’ืžืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
  • ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ืจืžื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™.
    ืฉืื™ืคื”. ืืชื’ืจ.

    ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. ืœืืชื’ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื.
    ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืชื’ืžืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืชืžื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ื“ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจืง ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืคืจื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื).


    http://www.ebay.co.uk/bhp/kids-karate-belt
  • ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ/ ื‘ืœื•ื’/ ืืชืจ/ ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืชื— ื“ื’ื•ืœ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘.

    ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘. ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื”.

    ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉื ืชืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜"ืœ 2012.
  • ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื.

    ื’ื™ื™ืžืก ืคื•ืœ ื’'ื™.
  • ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ืจ. ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉืžืœืžื“ ื›ืชื•ืช ื“' ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”60. ื‘2011 ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืชื• ื‘TED ื”ื•ื ืชืืจ ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
    ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื.

    [7:07 ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขืฆืžื•]
    [10:50 ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ืง]
    [11:40 โ€“ 12:00 ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื”]

    ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืืช ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”.
    ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ืจืš.
    ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข.

    ืื“ื, ืžื•ืจื”, ืžืกืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
    ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”, ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
  • ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”... ืืกืงื•ืœื”. ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
    ื›ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ืกืคืง.
    ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื. ืžืชื—. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ. ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
  • Light racer, mindcet makeathon, 2015
  • http://www.flux-experiences.com/edu/gameBasedLessons/physics/lesson_physics_angryBirds.pdf
  • [ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ]

    ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” (ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืกืื•ื ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื”) ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
    ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช (Playfulness ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช).

    ื”ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ื”? ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื›ื™? ืขื•ื“ ื ื‘ืจืจ.

    ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืœื™. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœืœื•ื— ื•ื’ื™ืจ. ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืงืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืงืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
    ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
  • ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”.
    ื”ืื—ืช ืงืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
    ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื›ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื.
    ื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื”, ืžืชื™ืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง. ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
  • ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืงื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื“ืข ืงื•ื“ื (ืงื•ื ื˜ืงืกื˜).
    ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
    ื–ื” ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ / ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•.

    ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื/ ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืงืจืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื—ืจืช ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืจืืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืฆื ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืื—ืจืช ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–.
    "ื—ื ื•ืš ื”ื ืขืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื•"

    ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื›ืฉืœื ื•.


    ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขื” ืื“ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”
    ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ
    ืจืคืœืงืฆื™ื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืœืžื™ื“ื”
    ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืชืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
    ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืชืฉื•ืงื”

  • http://flux-experiences.com/articles/meaningful-learning-cycle.html
  • ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืชื— ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.

    ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืœื•ืงืก. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
    ืื ื™ ืžืคืชื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืœ.
  • ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง:
    ื—ื‘ืจืช maxis ืฉืœ EA ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘1993. http://www.simcity.com

    ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ-ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžืืคืก. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื.
    ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•: ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืžืงื ืืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•,
    ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•: ื”ืื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื—ื•ื– ืžืก, ืžื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืกืคื™ืฆื™ืคื™ ื•ื”ืื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื• ื ื“ื ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืœื.

    ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจืš ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืืœื ืจืง ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืคื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื.
    ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื:
    ื”ืื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”? ืื ืœื, ืžื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจืžืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”?
    ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช?
    ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื/ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื/ ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื.

    ื—ื‘ืจืช GlossLab ืฉื™ืœื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื maxis ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืื’ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
    ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
    http://www.simcityedu.org
  • ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ makey makey
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื”:
    ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื, ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”
    ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื
    ืžืกื” ื•ืžืฉืงืœ
    ื›ื— ืžืฉื™ื›ื”
    ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืœืื’ื™ ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช
  • ื™ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™, ืื•ืจื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื—ืจ ืขื•ื– (2008)

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