1. Comparing the Multimodal
Interaction Technique Design of
MINT with NiMMiT
Sebastian Feuerstack and Ednaldo B. Pizzolato
Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Feuerstack
OFFIS – Institute for Information Technology
Oldenburg, Germany
21. Dezember 2013
Sebastian Feuerstack I Sebastian@Feuerstack.org

2. Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction / Use Case
Related Work
NiMMiT vs. MINT
Results of Comparison
21. Dezember 2013
2

3. Post-WIMP Interfaces
Non-Traditional UIs
Specifically designed, High degree of freedom
Modes: Speech, Gestures Media: Augmented Reality
21. Dezember 2013
3

4. Basic Question
How to model
multimodal interaction
techniques?
21. Dezember 2013
4

5. Object-In-Hand-Metaphor
Utilized in 3D worlds
– Navigation, object
selection and object
manipulation.
21. Dezember 2013
Images taken from Boeck et al. 2007
5

6. Why modeling?
Design, prototype, communicate and store
interaction techniques to be re-usable.
• High-level visual language
– Incorporated in a tool
– Abstracts source code
– Declarative and precise to be executed
21. Dezember 2013
6

7. What is State of the Art ?
State-driven
Object Graphs [Carr97]
ICOs [Navarre05]
Dataflow-driven:
InTml [Figueroa02]
Icon [Dragicevic04]
NiMMiT [Boeck06]
State + Data + Event +
Hierarchy
21. Dezember 2013
7

8. 21. Dezember 2013
The Augmented “Drag-and-Drop
8

9. What are the Problems ?
State Explosion
Missing Undo Steps
Incorporation of Output Modalities

10. How do we model ?
CUI
Behavior
Mapping
B
Structure
• Models
S
Resource
Interactor
– Interactors (Abstract & Concrete Media, Mode)
• Static: class diagram, Behavior: state-chart
– Mappings (Data Flow)
• Custom Notation
21. Dezember 2013
10

11. UI Model
3DObject:CUI
hidden
hide
initialized
position
position
displaying
selected
deselect
displayed
positioned
unhighlight
highlight
highlighted
select
select_
texture
face
select_
face
display
Class1::3DObject
stopped
rotate
stop
rotating
drag
/parent.remove(self)
dropped
21. Dezember 2013
texture
H
drop
dragging
+origin_x : int
+origin_y : int
+x,y,z : int
+face : string
+texture : string
+rotation : int
+move()
+rotate()
11

12. Resource Interactor
GestureInteractor
DominantHand.PointingDevice
stopped
stopped
Non-DominantHand
stopped
move
move
grab
released
grab
open
grabbing
stopped
moving
move
moving
move_away
move_away
move
waiting
click
21. Dezember 2013
clicked
translating
rotating
rotate
12

13. Selection Technique
Highlighting Mapping
Highlighting
x,y = PointingDevice.stopped
S
obj=FC.collision(x,y)
obj.highlight
Selection Mapping
Selection
PointingDevice.clicked
obj=3DObject.highlighted
21. Dezember 2013
C
obj.select
13

14. Object-In-Hand-Metaphor
Grap and Move Mapping
Object in Hand and Moving while grabbing
Non-DominantHand.grabbing
obj = 3DObject.selected
Tw<0,3s
C
n_x,n_y,offset=FC.calculateOffset(x1,y1,obj)
obj.move(n_x,n_y)
x1,y1 = PointingDevice.moving
x2,y2=Non-DominantHand
FC.proximity(x1,x2,y1,y2)
Withdrawal Mapping
Object Withdrawal
Non-DominantHand.move_away
objs = 3DObject.selected
21. Dezember 2013
S
obj.deselect
obj.move(obj.origin_x,obj.origin_y)
14

15. Results of Comparison
1. State Explosion
–
Data-flow separated from state-driven behavior model
2. Recovery Options, e.g. Drag-and-Drop
c ) Drag-and-Drop
Non-DominantHand.grabbing
S
Non-DominantHand.released
Item= 3DObject.selected
C
dst.drop(item)
dst=Box.highlighted
item.drag
src=item.parent
src.drop(item)
fail
3. Multimodal Output
b ) Assignment of Output
3DObject.highlighted
A
Sound.click
a ) Redundant Output
x,y = PointingDevice.stopped
obj=FC.colision(x,y)
21. Dezember 2013
S
R
obj.highlight
Sound.click
15

16. Results of Comparison 2
4. Design Process
NiMMiT: Sequential and iterative,
Execution of XML-based
Model, Model observation
MINT: Initial Deployment, Model
observation, Model
manipulation at runtime
5. Tools Support
NiMMiT: One Tool, one Model
MINT: Two Tools, two (three)
different Models
21. Dezember 2013
16

17. Questions or Comments?
21. Dezember 2013
17

18. Bio Sebastian Feuerstack
Master in Information Systems and Artificial
Intelligence, Technical University Berlin
PhD about Modal-based Design of Interactive
Systems, TU-Berlin & Researcher, DAI-Labor
Post-Doc about Design of Multimodal Interaction,
UFSCar & German Research Foundation
Project Manager & Senior Researcher of the
European Research Project: Holistic Human Factors
and System Design of Adaptive Cooperative HumanMachine Systems, OFFIS, Oldenburg, Germany
Research Interests: Engineering Interactive Systems,
Models, Methods and Tools Application: Assistance
Systems
Publications, Slides, Videos and Projects:
http://www.multi-access.de & http://www.feuerstack.org
21. Dezember 2013
18