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Presentation indicateurs fermes programme agreau couverture végétale des sols avec l'agroforesterie et les couverts végétaux

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Power point de présentation des suivis des fermes pilotes réalisés dans le cadre du programme Agr'eau "couverture végétale des sols grâce à l'agroforesterie et les couverts végétaux"
LE SUIVI DES FERMES PILOTES :
Quels indicateurs rapides, simples et utiles pour évaluer les fermes et entrer dans une démarche de progrès ?
objectifs/méthode/perspectives

1 /Description de la ferme : support de communication et d’échange
2/ Evaluation globale des performances de la FERME sur les piliers de la DURABILITE
3/ grâce à une analyse multicritères des performances de la FERME
4/ Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante
5/ Analyse économique liée au changement de pratiques culturales
6/ Analyse du « temps de travail tracteur » lié au changement de pratiques culturales
7/ Analyse de l’impact du changement de pratiques culturales sur la production et le bilan carbone
8/ Perspectives

Published in: Environment
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Presentation indicateurs fermes programme agreau couverture végétale des sols avec l'agroforesterie et les couverts végétaux

  1. 1. LE SUIVI DES FERMES PILOTES : Quels indicateurs rapides, simples et utiles pour évaluer les fermes et entrer dans une démarche de progrès ? Programme de développement de la couverture végétale des sols en Adour- Garonne pour préserver les ressources en eau
  2. 2. Objectifs de la démarche - Objectiver et mesurer de façon simple les résultats des pratiques pour montrer les relations de causes à effets sur l’autofertilité, la rentabilité, la durabilité de la ferme et la gestion de l’eau au niveau qualitatif et quantitatif - Lancer une Recherche-Action participative et appliquée utilisant un protocole simplifié de suivi des performances et de création de références technico-économiques facilement compréhensibles et appropriables par les agriculteurs afin qu’ils communiquent et progressent. - Transférer les savoir-faire et les compétences des agriculteurs - Proposer des hypothèses de travail pour le projet de recherche initié avec des laboratoires de Recherche scientifique
  3. 3. 1 I. Description de la ferme : support de communication et d’échange Comprendre les priorités, contextes, objectifs, stratégies de l’agriculteur
  4. 4. 2 II. Evaluation globale des performances de la FERME sur les piliers de la DURABILITE Faire un état des lieux dans un contexte pédoclimatique et économique donné. Analyser les échecs et réussites entre les différentes années comptables. Outil : Indiciades (www.indiciades.fr) – Institut de l’Agriculture Durable avec Konrad Schreiber Viabilité économique Viabilité sociale Efficience des intrants Qualité du solGaz à Effet de Serre Biodiversité Qualité de l’eau Durabilité Agro-environnemental SocialEconomique
  5. 5. 3 II. grâce à une analyse multicritères des performances de la FERME (www.indiciades.fr)
  6. 6. 4 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Evaluation spatiale (sol nu / sol couvert / sol a proximité des arbres agroforestiers) Et Evaluation temporelle
  7. 7. 5 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Caractériser le sol Outil : Analyse de sol et pénétromètre vertical
  8. 8. 6 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Appréhender la dynamique de l’azote des sols dans le temps Outil : Reliquats azotés à différentes profondeurs
  9. 9. 7 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Objectiver la biomasse aérienne des cultures intermédiaires et cultures principales Outil : Pesées en frais sur plusieurs quadras d’1m²
  10. 10. 8 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Calculer les quantités de N,P,K potentiellement disponibles après les cultures intermédiaires Outil : Méthode MERCI – CA Régionale Poitou-Charentes
  11. 11. 9 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Calculer les bilans humique et carbone en fonction des pratiques culturales Outil : Module Indiciades (www.indiciades.fr) – Institut de l’Agriculture Durable avec Konrad Schreiber
  12. 12. 10 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Estimer l’activité biologique des sols dans l’espace et dans le temps : Fertilité Outil : Mallette USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
  13. 13. 11 III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Connaitre la capacité d’infiltration de l’eau par le sol dans l’espace et dans le temps : Fertilité Outil : Mallette USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
  14. 14. 12 1 2 3 7,6 cm Cylindre ouvert à chaque extrémité III. Mesures sur site de la qualité des sols de la PARCELLE innovante Calculer la densité apparente, la porosité, le % d’humidité, le % de pores remplis par l’eau… dans l’espace et dans le temps Outil : Mallette USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
  15. 15. 13 IV. Analyse économique liée au changement de pratiques culturales Quantifier par hectare et sur 2 cultures phares de la ferme l’impact du changement de pratiques Donner des ordres de grandeur qui sont à re-contextualiser Outil : Elaboration d’un module simplifié entre les agriculteurs – AFAF – IAD en s’appuyant sur la comptabilité de l’agriculteur Travail du sol Moisson Irrigation Produits phytosanitaires Fertilisation Amendements Triage semences Semences
  16. 16. 14 V. Analyse du « temps de travail tracteur » lié au changement de pratiques culturales Montrer l’évolution du temps de travail et du métier d’agriculteur Donner des ordres de grandeur qui sont à re-contextualiser Outil : Elaboration d’un module simplifié entre les agriculteurs – AFAF – IAD en s’appuyant sur la comptabilité de l’agriculteur Travail du sol Moisson Irrigation Produits phytosanitaires Fertilisation Amendements Triage semences Semences
  17. 17. 15 VI. Analyse de l’impact du changement de pratiques culturales sur la production et le bilan carbone Montrer l’évolution des rendements, des séquestrations de carbone et des pollutions Donner des ordres de grandeur qui sont à re-contextualiser Outil : Elaboration d’un module simplifié entre les agriculteurs – AFAF – IAD en s’appuyant sur la comptabilité de l’agriculteur Dessin : David Dellas – Arbre et Paysage du Gers 2000 2014
  18. 18. 16 VII. Perspectives Lancement d’un projet de recherche : « Quelles performances agronomiques, environnementales et économiques des pratiques agroécologiques dans le Bassin Adour – Garonne. (coordonné par l’INRA UMR AGIR) Outil : - Analyse des processus à l’échelle de la parcelle agricole : mesures biophysiques sur les parcelles équipées et modélisation sol/plante - Modélisation à l’échelle du bassin versant : scenarios de déploiement des pratiques agroécologiques sur la quantité et la qualité de l’eau, bilan C, érosion, économie, énergie et GES - Evaluation agronomique et socio-économique de pratiques et systèmes agroécologiques sur un large réseau de parcelles/systèmes
  19. 19. 17 VII. Perspectives - Quantification de la biomasse en bordures de parcelle, de cours d’eau, en agroforesterie intraparcellaire, … - Intégration de la biomasse restituée au sol provenant des arbres appartenant au système de production dans les calculs de bilans humique et carbone - Estimation de la colonisation des sols agricoles par les champignons mycorhiziens - Identification des freins et leviers à la mise en place de cultures intermédiaires et d’agroforesterie.

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