http://2015.semantics.cc/hans-christian-schmitz

1. © Fraunhofer FKIE
Dr. Hans-Christian Schmitz
Fraunhofer FKIE, Information Technology for Command and Control
The MIP Information Model

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Fraunhofer FKIE develops models, methods and tools for networked operational
Command and Control Systems.
 Research Areas
 Sensor Data and Information Fusion
 Communication Systems
 Human Factors
 Human Machine Systems
 Balanced Human Systems Integration
 Information Technology for Command and Control
 Cognitive Mobile Systems
 Cyber Analysis and Defense
 Cyber Security
 Usable Security and Privacy
 Privacy and Security in Ubiquitos Computing
Locations Wachtberg and Bonn
Founded 1963
Fraunhofer since 8/2009
Staff > 400
Budget > 30 Mio €
Director Prof. Dr. Peter Martini
Website www.fkie.fraunhofer.de
© Fraunhofer FKIE
Fraunhofer FKIE
Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics

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BML
Information Technology for Command & Control
Overview
Interoperability of Distributed Systems
 Creation of multinational information networks
 Development and implementation of
standards for overarching interoperability
 Internal network architecture for land vehicles
Architectures for C2 Systems
 Service-oriented architectures and cloud computing
 Development of reference architectures
 Harmonization and migration of IT-Systems
 Technical expertise for the selection of products, integration, testing
 Business process analysis and solutions for process optimization
Information Analysis
 Analysis and exploitation of linguistic Information
 Military applications based on computer linguistic methods
 Information fusion

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Overview
1. Fundamental concepts: Joint and Combined Operations, C2 Systems,
Interoperability
2. The Multilateral Interoperability Programme (MIP)
3. The MIP Information Model (MIM): Coverage, Tools, Processes
4. Summary and Outlook

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1. Joined and Combined Operations
 Joined Operations: Different military branches (army, navy, air force,
joined support service) cooperate in an operation.
 Combined Operations: Partners from different countries cooperate in
an operation.
marine.de

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Civil Military Cooperation
Civil Military Cooperation (CiMiC): Civil and military partners cooperate
in an operation.
 Disaster Management
 Political Management, Administration
 Search and Rescue
 Engineering Support
 Medical Support
 Movement, Logistics, Material
 Accommodation
 Public Affairs

7. VS – NUR FÜR DEN DIENSTGEBRAUCH
Kommando Territoriale Aufgaben
der Bundeswehr FWD(08jun1400)
      
CiMiC: Provision of Situational Overview

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Command and Control (C2) Systems

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C2 in civil domains: INTELSYS

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vehicles
actual measurements,
e.g. clearing missions
sensors, e.g. ice
warning and
prediction system
runways
parking positions
resources
…
various
additional
status
informations
Operational Environment: Winter Operations

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Situational Overview and Decision Support

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Mobile Devices

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Interoperability
The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and
accept services from other systems, units, or forces, and to use the
services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively
together.
NATO-Definition of Interoperability
 interoperability among IT systems
 interoperability among forces (users of the systems)

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Levels of Interoperability (NATO Interoperability Directive)
 Degree 0 -- Isolated Interoperability: The key feature of Level 0 is human
intervention to provide interoperability where systems are isolated from each
other.
 Degree 1 -- Connected Interoperability: The key feature of Degree 1 is
physical connectivity providing direct interaction between systems.
 Degree 2 -- Syntactic Interoperability: The key feature of Degree 2 is the
ability of independent applications to exchange and use independent data
components in a direct or distributed manner among systems.
 Degree 3 -- Semantic Interoperability: The key feature of Degree 3 is a
domain perspective that includes domain data models and procedures where data
is shared among the independent applications which may begin to work together
in an integrated fashion.
 Degree 4 – Pragmatic Interoperability: The key feature of Degree 4 is a top-
level perspective that includes enterprise data models and procedures, where
data is seamlessly shared among the applications that work together across
domains in a universal access environment.

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2. The Multilateral Interoperability Programme
MIP is Interoperability organization of 26 nations and NATO.
Focus on
 Interoperability of command and control (C2) systems
 Multinational or coalition environments at all levels of command
 Land operational users in a Joint environment with growing emphasis on
Air, Maritime, and other Communities of Interest (CoIs)
Products
 Specifications for operational, technical, and procedural aspects
 Semantic Reference Model (MIM) for harmonization of different
requirements across C2 domain
 Operational and technical test sessions under the auspices of MIP
 Software Development Kits (SDKs) to support national implementations

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3. MIP Information Model as a Semantic Reference

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Support Mission Networks
 Rapid realization of user requirements
 Fully documented and traceable
 Modular interoperability solution
State-of-the-art technology
 Modeling language: UML, OCL
 Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)
Platform independent
 Not restricted to a specific
exchange technology
=> Quick and low-cost interoperability solution
Objectives of the MIM

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Design Principles – Separation of Concerns
Meta Data
Each information
can have metadata
Information Groups
Each information
can be grouped
Core Elements
Objects, actions etc. and their relationships
as a “snapshot” of the real world
Stateless – no change of objects over time
“Sourceless” – no contradicting information from different sources
Context free – no distinction between, e.g., current and planning situation
 Stricter/unambiguous semantics

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Core Elements
class Basic Concepts
Action
ActionEffect
ActionResource
ActionObjective
RuleOf
Engagement
Candidate
TargetList
InformationGroup Establishment
Organisation
Structure
PlanOrder
Event Task
Capability
Location
Organisation
Object Address
Facility
Feature
Materiel
Person
Information
Resource
Metadata
Actor
Role

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MIP Information Model
MIM Products Overview
Enterprise Architect
Project (EAP)
Web Export
(HTML)
Documentation
(DOCX)
Searchable Web
of Linked Data
XML Schema
Definition
(XSD)
Web Ontology
Language Schema
(OWL)
Tool Suite Additional Documentation
MIM Introduction
MIM Information Sheet

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Tool Suite Overview
Model Tailoring Model-Driven Architecture Model Management
Process Change Proposals
Check Consistency
• UML Class Model
• OCL Constraints
• Class Diagrams
• Examples (Object Models)
• Free-text documentation
Document Export
MIM
XSD OWL …
Subset/Extend the Model
Define Structured Messages
Transfor-
mations

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Improved Modeling Process – CPProcessor
High-Quality Change Proposals
 Formal description (incl. metadata)
 Validation prior to voting
 No error-prone manual steps needed
All CPs approved by all MIP stakeholders

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From the MIM to a Service Specification in Three Steps
Extend/Restrict MIM
Define Message Model
Produce XML/OWL/… Schema

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… Plus Some Magic Transformations Behind the Scenes
Extend/Restrict
MIM
Apply PIMPIM
Transformations
Define
Message Model
Generate
Artifact
Apply PIMPSM
Transformations
Message
Model
Exchange
Schema
MIM
Capability-
Specific Model
Platform-
Independent Models

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OWL Representation
Benefits:
 Component reuse and interoperability
 Web compliance and controlled vocabulary
 Formality and reasoning
MIM 2 OWL Transformation:
 UML 2 UML Transformation
 UML 2 OWL Transformation
 Basic Mapping
 Advanced Mapping
 MIM-specific Mapping
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Linked Data Server (LDS)
 Web of linked Data: Navigation
through MIM
 Fuzzy Search
 Keyword auto-completion
 Formats: SVG graphics, HTML,
XML, JSON (JavaScript Object
Notation)
 Integrated in the MIM portal
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Summary and Outlook
MIP Information model (MIM):
 A semantic reference for C2 domain
 Semantic basis for MIP 4 interoperability solution (April 2016)
 Supports specification of modular services
 Enables semantic web applications
FKIE:
 Development of tools and best practices for model management and evaluation
 Development of interoperable C2-solutions
 Application of interoperability-expertise in other domains, in particular civil
domains
MIM-Portal: https://www.mimworld.org/

29. © Fraunhofer FKIE
Thank you.
Dr. Hans-Christian Schmitz
Information Technology for Command and Control
Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics FKIE
Fraunhoferstr. 20 | 53343 Wachtberg | Germany
Phone +49 (0)228 9435-386 | Fax -685
hans-christian.schmitz@fkie.fraunhofer.de