1. Innovation in material: Bio-composite
SEMINAR over DRIVE
March 7 2019
Geert Takke, Delft Infra Composites
Wouter Claassen, Witteveen + Bos

2. Why Fiber Reinforced Polymers?
1.Light -weight
2.Fast
3.Strong

3. Fibers and Matrix
Stress
Strain
steel
0,2% 2%0
Composite

4. Major advantages non bio-based FRP
- Strong (>> 900 Mpa)
- Light weight
- Not sensitive for corrosion
- Freedom of shape
- Low CO2 footprint
- Low maintenance costs
- UV resistant
- Water resistant
- Suitable for fatigue loading
- Reparable
- Chemical resistant
- Long durability
- Low stiffness i.r.t. the strength
- Brittle behaviour

5. VARTM: vacuum-assisted resin transfer
molding

6. It all started with … Timeline
• A dream and a wish: Sieds Hoitinga the Program manager at Provincie Fryslân
wanted a bio-based bridge
• Begin 2016: Literature study Witteveen+Bos
• Mid 2016: Pre-selection contractor
• Mid 2016: Preparation tender documents bio-based deck
• End 2016: Tender on the market
• Begin 2017: Final contract signed with producer and contractor
• End 2017: Literature study producer bio-based deck
• Begin 2018: Start testing program producer
• April 2018: First reports of the final design phase have been submitted
• April 2018: Agree on the feasibility of the design
• End 2018: Finishing the final design
• 2019: Detailed design phase
• Begin 2019: Start building the bridge

7. Definition bio-based composite bridge
A bio-based composite bridge consist in
whole or in significant part,
of natural products
or renewable domestic agricultural material
s (including plant, animal, and marine
materials) or forestry materials.

8. Bio-fibers
Flax
Hemp
Kenaf
Ramie
Wood

9. Advantages and disadvantages of bio-
based composites
- Acceptable specific strength
properties
- Renewable resource
- low density
- Well isolation for sound, temperature
and vibratory
- Well chemical resistance
- Non-abrasive
- Aesthetic
- Biodegradable if resin is 100%
biosourced
- Sustainability
- Low CO2 impact
- Creep behavior
- Moisture sensitive
- The natural variability of fibre
- Durability
- Fatigue behavior understudied
- Fire resistance
- Fibre matrix adhesion
- Limited maximum processing temperatures
- Impact resistance

10. Mechanical properties of Flax compared
to E-Glass
Properties
Flax
(Less than 100% Cellulose) E-Glass
Modulus of elasticity 55.000 - 75.000 72.000 - 80.000 MPa
Shear Modulus 1.600 30.000 MPa
Tensile strength 800 - 1.500 2.800 MPa
Compression strength -830 to -1.570 -2.800 MPa
Tensile fracture strain 1,5 - 2,0 3,9 %
Poisson ratio 0,25 0,20 -
Density 1,4 - 1,5 2,4 – 2,6 kg/dm3
Thermal expansion coefficient 5,0 2,8 – 5,0 *10-6/°C
Heat conduction coefficient 0,06 1,05 W/mK

11. 11

12. Research and testing program
• ILSS (used to determine best fiber resin
combinations)
• Tension
• Compression
• Shear
• Hot/wet behaviour
• Creep (very important!)
• UV
• Fatigue

13. Preparing ILLS samples

14. 14

15. Hot-wet testing

16. Building the full scale model (13 meters)

17. Post curing

18. Creep / Fatigue
(Hogeschool Stenden / TU Delft / Universität Osnabrück / in huis)

19. 19
Creep / Fatigue
(Hogeschool Stenden / TU Delft /
Universität Osnabrück / in huis)

20. Fatigue
• 50 year, 10.000 cycles a year + 50 years including
extreme temperature influence
• Total > 1.000.000 cycles = NO DAMAGE

21. Creep / Fatigue
(Hogeschool Stenden / TU Delft / Universität Osnabrück / in huis)

22. Expansion coefficient (TU Delft / KU Leuven)

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. Dek( beweegbaar)
Voorzien van optische sensoren
Onderbouw
Voorzien van meetbouten
voor de nulmeting(en)
Weerstation:
• Relatieve vochtigheid
• Neerslag
• Wind + windrichting
• Temperatuur en intensiteit
Signaal sensoren vaste brug naar centrale
ruimte landhoofd as 1 via duiker
Data acquisitie unit
Vervolg data
management via
glasvezelkabel
Ontsluiting
informatie
Voetgangers
en fietsers
detectie
Dek (Vast)
Voorzien van optische sensoren
Signaal sensoren beweegbare brug naar centrale
ruimte landhoofd as 1 via mantelbuis

31. Awards and nominations so far
Circular Award 2019
Puclic award
Nominatie De Nederlandse
Bouwprijs 2019
Top 3 InfraTech Innovatieprijs