1.
QUESTIONS
Thresholds
Safe limits and resilience
Units
Maintenance
Benefits

2.
THRESHOLDS AND SAFE LIMITS
State of Natural Capital Second Report

3.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION
Island
dynamics
Population
dynamics
Genetic
variations
Habitats
Recovery
strategies
Predation

4.
SAFE LIMITS AND RESILIENCE
Assessment of risk
Resilience to shocks
Species or habitats
Valuation of loss of renewables in perpetuity
Example: cod stocks, rhinos

5.
Species,
ecosystems
and habitats
Protected
areas
Outputs Valuation
UNITS
Examples – hen harriers on moorlands

6.
MAINTENANCE
Assets-in-perpetuity
Capital maintenance
Application to units
Maintenance of outputs or inputs
Examples – clean water vs. water works

7.
BENEFITS
Utility units vs. asset units
The role of benefit assessment
Limited resources and targeted spending
Keystone species vs. habitats
Examples: crane re-establishment vs. Somerset levels

8.
SUMMARY
Centrality of assets and capabilities
Concentrate on renewables
Habitats and island and large areas
Iconic species as a way of capturing public engagement
Safe limits, wide margins
Limited role for CBA

9.
BOOKS
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