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Zhan Wang

Research Associate at the University of Manchester
Jun. 14, 2016
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Zhan Wang

  1. 调研设计 Survey Design 报告人: 王湛 CCAP, CAS April,2016 Eco-Urbanisation: promoting sustainable development in metropolitan- regional planning in China 中英项目-生态城镇化转型2016年启动与专家咨询会
  2. 针对生态城镇化的调研背景 Background Information 没有在社区层面提到过生态环境建设对公共健康 与生活质量的政策指导方向! 《2014年北京市社会建设年鉴全文专文部分摘要》
  3. Background Information  National policy in red color for ecological and environmental oriented urbanization  Promote innovation of governance and management at community level  Accelerate innovation of governance and management at cleaner production level in BTH  Construct smart communities in the large Beijing metropolitan region  Push reformation of old community in downtown area and building up self- support system for those area with low public service and facilities  Advocate internet-based service system to support various levels of governance But lack of higher level spacial planning of urban ecosystem at community level to instruct management of public health and increase living standard for citizen well-being in BTH !
  4. 与其他调查的区别 Difference from other survey data source  中国经济与社会发展统计数据库 until 2014 http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/Navi/NaviDefault.aspx  中国调查与数据中心 http://www.chinagss.org/ 2003-14  中国国家调查数据库 2008-12 http://www.cnsda.org/index.php?r=site/aboutus  中国劳动力动态调查 http://css.sysu.edu.cn/data/list until 2012  Health and Retirement Study http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/  China Health and Nutrition Survey until 2011 http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china  其他:  UC-Irvine until 2004;  中国收入分配研究院:CHIP数据首页 until 2008 We focus on data collection of sustainable consumption and cleaner production for enhancing public health and urban ecosystem service.
  5. 针对生态城镇化的调研预期贡献 Objectives and contributions  服务于研究项目整体框架的调研设计 serve for research design  系统构建比较研究数据框架 serve for comparative analysis framework  支持可再生资源可持续消费模型的设计、研发与应用 serve for modeling of sustainable consumption and the application of the research models  配合定性研究优势深度访问高层管理者深入研究生态管理制度 serve for complementary analysis of qualitative research on managerial practices of urban ecosystem  提供政策改进的数据结构支持 serve for data source of improvement and optimization of policy implication of urban planning  为此开展更多的地区间合作项目积累研究数据 serve for the development of deeper cooperative research across countries
  6. 调研设计结构 Survey structure 第一部分:主要城市社区生态环境与可持续消费入户访问调查 Part I: central urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for community ‘ecological infrastructure’ 第二部分:城市外围重点地区生态系统价值与可持续消费街访调查 Part II: peri-urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for regional ecosystem 第三部分:城市外围地区普通企业对生态环境与清洁生产拜访调查 Part III: peri-urban survey of cleaner production and willingness to pay for regional ecosystem 第四部分:城市基层管理者对生态环境与可持续消费拜访调查 Part IV: urban and peri-urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for community ‘ecological infrastructure’
  7. 第一部分:主要城市社区生态环境与可持续 消费入户访问调查 Part I: central urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for community ‘ecological infrastructure’ 京津冀主要城市社区摸底调查 BTH representative community survey
  8. 以北京为核心地区 Beijing as the central place of BTH 北京共16个区131个街道2456个社区 Preliminary survey 30,覆盖北京近50%区县,主要包括海 淀、朝阳、丰台、西城、东城、大兴、石景山、房山
  9. 第一部分抽样方式与访问形式 sampling and interview method in Part I 空间分层抽样 Spatial sampling 入户访问 household survey  覆盖北京城六区,五环以内,主要社区 inside of the fifth ring  抽样指标:sampling indicators  人口密度 population density  占地面积 land use  PM2.5分布情况 distribution of Particulate Matter2.5
  10. 第一部分内容 Contents of Part I 一、个人与家庭基本情况 interviewee and household information 二、被访者收入与消费情况 sustainable consumption 三、居住条件与社区设施 dwelling condition and community public service infrastructure 四、社区环境绿化布局情况 community ‘ecological infrastructure’ 五、改善意愿与投资价值 willingness to pay
  11. 城区内家庭收入与消费主要特征 Household income and sustainable consumption  2015年家庭年人均收入:3-15万 • In 2015, annual average income: 3-15 ten thousand CNY  2015年家庭私家车拥有比例超过70%:其中有的家庭有2-3部车 • over 70% of interviewee own personal automobile, some of then own 2-3 cars  超过85%的家庭每个月到餐馆就餐比例:多余5次 • over 85%, eat out more than 5 times per month  人均收入超过10万的家庭,餐饮类消费占收入的比例低于10% • the household average income over 100 thousand CNY, food and eat out consumption lower than 10%  超过80%的家庭超过每两个月付一次水费或电费,试访中超过50%的家庭每年交一次水费,每半年买一次 电,每月天然气使用费超过50元人民币 • over 80% families pay water or electricity bill once per two or more months, meanwhile, over 50% families pay water bill annually, paying for electricity bill per half of year, and paying over 50 CNY for monthly gas bill
  12. 改善环境意愿与支付意愿  超过70%的被访者对现在居住社区内的服务设施与环境表示不满意或特别不满意 • over 70% interviewee unsatisfying or strongly unsatisfying public service facilities of the living community  超过80%的被访者对社区内绿化环境表示一般或不满意 • over 80% interviewee unsatisfying ecological infrastructure in the living community  其中超过50%的被访者表示过去社区内的绿化环境比现在好 • over 50% said current situation of eco-environment worse than before  主要问题多集中反映社区管理混乱,私塔乱建房屋多,获利于不规范经营的商户,导致社区环境差,没有固定停 车场所 • main problems are mentioned including disordered management of illegal small shacks or houses for earning rent or running a small business, lower rate of waste separation process, no fixed parking log for each household  其中有超过70%的被访者认为提高绿化质量和修建固定停车场所是亟待解决的问题 • Over 70% of interviewee said improvement of green facilities and well-organized parking log should to be solved urgently  意愿支付金额需要进一步调查分析得出结果 • Willingness to pay needs to be analyzed after well surveyed
  13. 第二部分:城市外围重点地区生态系统价 值与可持续消费调查 Part II: peri-urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for regional ecosystem 京津冀城乡结合地区生态系统价值的民意摸底与当地居民的消费行为调查 Urban-rural survey of sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for ecosystem awareness
  14. 连接天津河北主要高速公路10条 10 main highways to Tianjin and Hebei 1. G2京沪高速(原京津塘高速):北京(十八里店桥)-------上海(万镇路) 全程1262km 2. G3京台高速 (京津塘高速出京,泰安以前与G2重合):北京-------------台北全长2030km 3. G4京港澳高速 (原京石高速):北京(六里桥)-------------香港、澳门全长2285km 4. G5京昆高速(北京路段在建):北京(房山大苑村桥)----------昆明 全长2716km 5. G6 京藏高速(八达岭高速):北京(马甸桥)----------拉萨 全程3710km 6. G7 京新高速:北京(箭亭桥)----------乌鲁木齐 全程2540km 7. S15京津高速: 北京(化工桥)-------天津(塘沽北塘东海路) 全长147km 8. G45 大广高速 (京承、京开高速): 大庆(萨尔图机场)-------广州 全程共3550km 9. S32 京平高速: 北京(黄港)----------天津(天津段为S1津蓟高速) 北京段全程70km 10. G1N 京秦高速: 北京(机场二高速)--------秦皇岛 目前仅建成21km
  15. 连接天津河北主要国道12条 12 main national roads to Tianjin and Hebei 1. G101国道:北京(东直门)-------沈阳 全程909km 2. G102国道:北京(京广桥)--------哈尔滨 全程1297km 3. G103国道:北京(建国门)--------塘沽(新港)全程162km 4. G104国道:北京(永定门桥)--------福州(五里亭立交) 全程2420km 5. G105国道:北京(永定门桥)-------珠海 全程2717km 6. G106国道:北京(菜户营)-------广州全程2466km 7. G107国道:北京(广安门)-------深圳(文锦渡)全长2698km 8. G108国道:北京(复兴门)-------昆明全长3356km 9. G109国道:北京(阜成门)-------拉萨 全长3901km 10. G110国道:北京(德胜门)-------银川 全长1357km 11. G111国道:北京(东直门)-------黑龙江加格达奇全长2123km 12. G112国道:北京外围大环线 全长1228km
  16. G112就是前面提到的大环线,不在北京市界内,是在河北、天 津境内围绕北京修建的一个环北京国道环线。设想在前高速公 路时期,许多需要途径北京的车辆可以通过G112环线避开繁华 的都市,绕道通过北京。 The largest circle of Beijing
  17. 第二部分抽样方式与访问形式 sampling and interview method in Part II 空间分层抽样 Spatial sampling 随机街访 street-random-survey  北京城五环以外向天津、河北辐射地区主要道路通过地区 outside of the fifth ring  抽样指标:sampling indicators  人口密度 population density  道路密度 road density  PM2.5分布情况 distribution of Particulate Matter2.5
  18. 第二部分内容 Contents of Part II 一、个人与家庭基本情况 interviewee and household information 二、被访者收入与消费情况 sustainable consumption 三、居住条件与社区设施 dwelling condition and community public service infrastructure 四、对城市周边生态系统的认知与评价 peri-urban ecosystem awareness and assessment 五、改善意愿与投资价值 willingness to pay
  19. 城市外围地区居民对生态系统认知与评价 awareness and assessment of local ecosystem  低于50%的被访者表示经常往返于北京外围地区与主要城区之间 • lower than 50% of interviewee often commutes between Beijing urban-rural area  低于50%的被访者表示自己往返于城乡之间对生态环境没有破坏 • lower than 50% of interviewee do not think commute between urban-rural having negative impacts  但超过50%的被访者表示人口增长与交通需求增加会导致所在地区环境恶化 • but over 50% think increasing transportation of immigrant population can degrade ecosystem  超过80%的被访者认为道路质量与环境保护没有关系 • over 80% of interviewee think no relationship between road and environmental protection
  20. 城市外围地区居民对生态系统认知与评价 awareness and assessment of local ecosystem  但超过80%的被访者认为开放式小区对道路质量与环境保护没有益处,其中超过 50%的被访者甚至认为开放式小区会破坏道路与周边环境,并带来安全隐患,不 易管理,并有可能缴纳更高的物业费 • over 80% of interviewee think open community is not easily managed, over 50% think road and regional environment would be destroyed, and increase problem of security, possibly increase the fee be charged by the estate management company  超过90%的被访者认为道路绿化比较重要或特别重要 • over 90% of interviewee think green road-side is important or very important  超过50%的被访者愿意为提高道路绿化或改善道路绿化付费 • over 50% of interviewee prefer to pay for improvement of green road-side  意愿支付金额与意愿支付方式需要根据消费行为进一步研究 • But how and how much to pay need to be further researched
  21. 第三部分:城市外围地区普通企业对生态环境与清洁 生产的调查 Part III: peri-urban survey of cleaner production and willingness to pay for regional ecosystem 京津冀城乡结合地区企业清洁生产情况与对地区生态系统价值的评价调查 Urban-rural factory survey of sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for ecosystem awareness Aiming to supplementary research of cleaner production for sustainable consumption
  22. 第三部分抽样方式与访问形式 sampling and interview method in Part III 空间分层抽样 Spatial sampling 预约拜访 appointment survey  北京城五环以外向天津、河北辐射地区的普通工业生产企业 factory outside of the fifth ring  抽样指标:sampling indicators  人口密度 population density  道路密度 road density  占地面积 land use
  23. 第三部分内容 Contents of Part III 一、个人与家庭基本情况 interviewee and household information 二、被访企业收支纳税情况 factory production revenue and environmental tax • 总体情况: general information • 清洁生产情况:cleaner production • 能源材料消耗情况:energy consumption 三、企业园区条件与厂区内环境设施 public service and green facility inside of factory • 企业园区条件情况:inside of factory • 厂区环境绿化情况:green facility 四、普通企业对周边生态系统的认知与评价 ecosystem awareness and assessment outside of factory 五、改善意愿与投资价值 willingness to pay for local ecosystem
  24. 五、改善意愿与投资价值  对周边环境绿化的改善意愿: 361. 您认为企业厂区内环境绿化的重要程度 □特别不重要□不重要□一般□重要□特别重要 362. 您认为以下生态环境设施可以提高厂区内环境绿化的make in order as the awareness of importance to you(请访问员填序号)□forest □grassland □flower bed□water area □well built road □其他请注明________________ 363. 对第362题选项中您认为being urgently improved,分别是: □forest □grassland □flower bed□water area □well built road □其他请注明________________ 364. 对第362题选项中您认为亟待改善提高的前三项,您意愿每月支付多少?WTP _______元 365. 如果您的认识的同事意愿支付的金额比您高,您是否愿意支付一样多?If your colleague pay higher than you, do you want to pay the same amount ? □是□否 366. (对第364题和第365题选择不愿支付的被访者)您认为这笔费用应该如何支付?Who should pay for the bill if you do not want to pay or do not want to pay the same amount请您 按重要程度依次排序(请访问员填序号) □污染企业支付□由企业管理人员支付□按收入情况支 付□由社保基金扣除□所在社区自营项目盈余支付□政府预算内计划支付□政府预算外补贴 1501. 您是否认为保护环境就是在为您(或未来)的儿孙们存钱?□是□否
  25. 第四部分:城市基层管理者对生态环境与可持续消费 的调查 Part IV: urban and peri-urban survey of household sustainable consumption and willingness to pay for community ‘ecological infrastructure’ 京津冀城市基层管理者对生态环境与可持续消费的调查 Survey of fundamental administrators’ awareness of ecosystem and sustainable consumption and WTP and managerial suggestions for improvement of dwelling well-being at community level
  26. 第四部分抽样方式与访问形式 sampling and interview method in Part IV 空间分层抽样 Spatial sampling 预约拜访+座谈深访 appointment survey and workshop  北京、天津、河北各个被访问社区 community level  抽样指标:sampling indicators  人口密度 population density  道路密度 road density  占地面积 land use
  27. 第四部分内容 Contents of Part IV 一、个人与家庭基本情况 interviewee and household information 二、被访者收入与消费情况 sustainable consumption 三、您个人的居住条件与社区服务设施 personal dwelling condition and community public service infrastructure 四、您工作的社区服务设施与绿化环境情况 working community dwelling condition and public service infrastructure 五、改善意愿与投资价值 willingness to pay 六、社区工作的重点与难点,深访开放式问题 open questions with a outline
  28. 您工作的社区服务设施与绿化环境情况 working community dwelling condition and public service infrastructure  您工作的社区环境绿化布局情况 spatial distribution 441. 您工作的社区在各栋楼体间是否有trees:□是□否 442. 您工作的社区在各栋楼体间是否有grassland:□是□否 443. 您工作的社区在各栋楼体间是否有flower bad:□是□否 444. 您工作的社区在各栋楼体building surface是否看上去洁净:□是□否 445. 您工作的社区在各栋楼体间是否有illegal shacks:□是□否 446. 您工作的社区内道路是否well built-up road with clear signs:□是□否 447. 您是否认为开放式住宅小区便于管理open community easy management? :□是□否 1401. 您是否认为开放式住宅小区可以提高小区内道路质量OC improve road building:□是□否 1402. 您是否认为开放式住宅小区可以提高小区内环境绿化质量OC improve environment:□是□否
  29. 您工作的社区服务设施与绿化环境情况 working community dwelling condition and public service infrastructure • 您工作的社区环境绿化情况:satisfaction level? 411. 您对工作社区green cover rate 环境满意程度: □特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□特别满意 4111. 为什么________________________________ 412. 您对工作社区的street garden 街心花园满意程度:□特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□特别满意 4121. 为什么________________________________ 413. 您对工作社区的建设water area满意程度:□特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□特别满意 4131. 为什么________________________________ 414 您对工作社区饮用水质water quality 的满意程度:□特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□特别满意 4141. 为什么________________________________ 415. 您对工作社区贩卖购买桶装水或其他渠道饮用水purchasing other sources of water满意程度:□特别不 满意□不满意□一般□满意□特别满意 4151. 为什么________________________________
  30. 您工作的社区服务设施与绿化环境情况 • 您工作的社区环境绿化情况:satisfaction level? 416. 您对工作社区垃圾处理garbage processing的满意程度:□特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□ 特别满意 4161. 为什么________________________________ 417. 您对工作社区废品废物回收工作recycling的满意程度:□特别不满意□不满意□一般□满意□特 别满意 4171. 为什么________________________________ 418. 您工作的社区是否有私人商贩定点回收废品废物personal business runs recycling:□是□否 419. 您对工作社区的采光效果的满意程度(阳光充足吗?)sunshine:□特别不满意□不满意□一 般□满意□特别满意 4191. 为什么________________________________
  31. 深访开放式问题 Open questions  对私搭乱建的情况是否知情?是否认为他们影响社区环境?下一步如何管理调整?  对促进垃圾分类行为,有什么推进措施举措?  对修建有序停车场的工作难点在哪里?  物业费等收缴问题,如何处理?  综合提高社区环境质量与居民生存质量的难点在哪里?  村/乡/镇等基层管理者对土地整治的管理问题的认识、理解与解决办法又有什么建议?  综合分析改善社区生态环境与管理的办法,意愿支付金额与可能的解决渠道需要进一步分析研究  Do you know clearly about illegal shacks in your working community?  Could you suggest any measurement of implementation of garbage processing?  What level of administration is the most efficient for land governance? Why?  Any suggestions for ecological management in urban-rural area through financial policy?
  32. 结语 Concluding remarks  首次开展社区层面生态环境基础设施摸底调研 • We are firstly trying to understand public awareness of ecological infrastructure for improving dwelling well-being and sustainable consumption  积极尝试探索结合经济学分析与空间分析的社区尺度环境治理研究 • We are positively research a feasible managerial system for enhancing urban-rural development at community level  从微观调研方面为宏观研究规划决策过程做支持工作 • We are working at supportive data collections and research findings for advanced administrative decision making
  33. 感谢您的聆听请批评指正! Thanks for your attention! and critical thinking suggestions! 报告人:王湛 CCAP, CAS April,2016
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