Viatec Associates's presentation on frequencies Up to 100g-hz - Technology

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Peter Curnow-Ford, Chair Cluster 2 + CEO Viatec Associates
UK SPF Cluster 1 – Frequencies up to 100GHz, and above – Mar 16th, ‘17

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mmWave Equipment, antenna trends and challenges of opening up higher bands
Topics
• mmWave technology background
• Future – Access, Backhaul and Fixed Wireless
• mmWave Equipment
• 60 & 70/80GHz (V-Band and E-Band)
• W-Band, D-Band
• Antenna developments
• Silicon, SiGe, CMOS
• Future Challenges

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mmWave Technology background
Historically
• Old SDH, ATM, E1 and STM equipment
• Very reliable
• Cost effective equipment
• Expensive license fees
• Mainly PtP
• Plumbing
• 7GHz, 13GHz, 15GHz, 23/24GHz, 28GHz, 32GHz, 38GHz, 40GHz
• Many bands now at capacity
• In-efficient Class 2 Antenna, need Class 3 and 4 upgrade
• Many at end of life
• Large percentage non-IP
• Mostly narrow band

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Future – Access, Backhaul and Fixed Wireless
Access (60GHz)
• WiGig , indoor, large BW, <5Gbps, 10m range
• CEPT notes a lack of interest above 66GHz for 5G
Backhaul (eg 60GHz and 70/80GHz, poss 143GHz)
• Macro cell – 2Gbps/site, <5km, <1ms, PtP LoS, auto alignment
• Small cell – 1Gbps/site, <500m, <1ms, PtP/PmP/LoS/NLoS, auto alignment
Fronthaul (90GHz and 143GHz)
• Macro cell – 20 to 60Gbps/site, <100uS, auto alignment
• Small cell – 2 to 10Gbps, <100uS, auto alignment
Fixed Wireless Access (60GHz, 5G, >90GHz)
• 60GHz, WttH (1-10Gbps, <300m), WttC (10-40Gbps, 1 to 3km), urban,
suburban, clustered rural, PtP/PmP, LoS/NLoS
• 90GHz, Fixed Wireless, Enterprise and WttC

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mmWave Equipment
© Plum 20165
60GHz
70/80GHz

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60GHz & 70/80GHz Equipment
© Plum 20166
Equipment vendors 60GHz
• Ceragon, 1.25Gbps, 99.999%, <50µS latency
• Bridgewave, GE60, opt 100Mbps backup, range <1.25miles
• Ericsson 6351, outdoor
• Huawei RTN360, 400Mbps
• Sub 10 Systems Liberator V1000 Dual Port, compact form factor
• NEC iPASOLINK SX
• Siklu MultiHaul™ Series, 2.3Gbps, beamforming, auto alignment, PtMP
Equipment vendors 70/80GHz
• Bridgewave GE80, 1.25Gbps, range <4miles
• SIAE ALFOPLUS80HD, 1.25Gbps, etc
• Ericsson Fronthaul 6352, 6392 backhaul/fronthaul
• Huawei RTN380, 4Gbps
• Dragonwave Harmony Eband, 4Gbps
• NEC iPASOLINK EX Advanced, 10Gbps
• Siklu EtherHaul-5500FD, 5Gbps,10uS
• Intracom UltraLink™-FX80

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W-Band (92 – 114.5GHz) & D-Band (130 – 174.5GHz)
Technology and developments
W-Band
• A lot of work in and around radar but little else
D-band
• Huawei, Nov ‘16 first D-Band outdoor link test, 340m, 148GHz/156GHz
• Ericsson, trial at 143Ghz with 40Gbps throughput
• Ceragon, show range of 500m with same antenna size and system gain as
E-Band – wider channels in W and D bands > longer range or higher
bandwidth
© Plum 20167

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Antenna Developments
Antenna developments
• Auto alignment – to reduce cost of installation and setup
• Dynamic alignment – to maintain high order modulation, redundancy
• Pt to pt and pt to mpt
Technology
• Electronically steered – higher losses, costs, medium efficient
• Mechanically steered – efficient, low loss, low cost unless high gain
• Elect/mech steered – compromise to offset above
• MIMO, Massive MIMO, phased arrays
• Gain >30dBi to create small beams, less interference, range < 400m
• WiGig 60GHz – integrated antenna arrays – size constrained by IC – range
<10m yet low cost, high volume
• ETSI ISG mWT #9 - beamsteering

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Silicon, SiGe, CMOS, etc
Chips!
• Silicon
• SiGe
• Proven but expensive, 7+ years of m/f
• SiGe BiCMOS
• Good integration, low cost, up to 175GHz
• RF-CMOS
• Low cost, >5 years, integration, low power, high volume needed
• GaAs
• Expensive, low-med volumes, linear, power efficiency, up to 160GHz
• FD SOI
• High integration, low power, high wafer cost
• GaN
• High power, high frequency
• InP

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Future Challenges
Challenges
• >50GHz need new construction techniques
• No connectors, PCBs or just chips, compact, design tools
• Power amplifiers, Beamformers, packaging, heat
• 60GHz and above – interference in dense urban backhaul deployment,
between outdoor WiGig and backhaul
• 60GHz regulations, US FCC +ve, EU CEPT/ETSI –ve, 10:1 cost advantage
on links with FCC rules with no fixed gain limits
• Costs
• mmWave is not low cost
• How to get to volume – new packaging
• Energy
• High data rates = power
• Chips
• 10Gbps modem needs 2 TeraOP/s processing for baseband, support 1m+
packets/s for 5Gbps today