university rank 2013-2014

1. 2013-2014
WORLD UNIVERSITIES RANKING
QS TOP UNIVERSITIES
TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION
WEBOMETRICS
4ICU
ARWU SHANGHAI JIAO TONG
HALAMAN
QS WORLD TOP UNIVERSITIES 2
TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION 13
WEBOMETRICS 26
4ICU 39
ARWU SHANGHAI JIAOTONG 56
DISUNTING OLEH
LMM UNIVERSITAS TARUMANAGARA
2014

2. QUACQUARELLI SYMONDS (QS)
WORLD TOP UNIVERSITIES
QS Stars: Methodology
What criteria does QS Stars use when rating universities, and why?
There has been much discussion around what attributes form a world-class university,
particularly with the growing popularity of university rankings and the criteria used to assess
universities worldwide.
Much criticism has been directed to the criteria used in rankings and other assessments, based on
the argument that universities are different to one another and therefore need to be assessed on a
range of categories that recognize distinct strengths.
The following criteria, the basis for QS Stars ratings, were selected as the key pillars of what
makes a world class university, taking into account a number of factors that are often overlooked
in university rankings and other assessments.
Research
Indicators considered here include domestic assessments of research quality, productivity (i.e.
number of papers published), citations (i.e. how recognized and referred to those papers are by
other academics) and awards (e.g. Nobel Prizes or Fields Medals).
Teaching
A key role of a university is the nurture of tomorrow's finest minds, inspiring the next generation
of potential research academics. Typical indicators here are domestic teaching quality
assessments, collation of student feedback, national student surveys and student faculty ratios.
2

3. Employability
Graduate employability encompasses more than academic strength, focusing on ‘work-readiness’
- the ability to work effectively in a multi-cultural team, to deliver presentations, to manage
people and projects. Common indicators in this area are surveys of employers, graduate
employment rates and average graduate salaries.
Facilities
University infrastructure is an indicator which enables students to know what to expect from
their university experience. Indicators such as sporting and medical facilities, number of students
societies are considered within this criterion.
Internationalization
Here, effective indicators could be the proportion of international students and staff, the numbers
of exchange students arriving and departing, the number and strength of international
partnerships with other universities or the number of graduates pursuing further study at overseas
universities.
Innovation
Innovation, the output of the universities activities and findings to economy, society and culture,
has become increasingly relevant for universities.
Engagement
An effective indicator showing the university's contribution to its local community.
Access
This area looks at the accessibility of the university to students. It looks at areas such as
scholarships and bursaries, disability access and gender balance.
3

4. Indicators and Weightings
Here you will find the complete set of indicators we use in our rankings, including their different weightings. Click on
each of them to get a more detailed information.
Indicators
World
Academic Reputation 40%
Employer Reputation 10%
Faculty Student 20%
Citations per Faculty 20%
Citations per Papers x
Papers per Faculty x
International Faculty 5%
International Students 5%
Inbound Exchange Students x
Outbound Exchange Students x
Staff with PhD x
Web Impact x
4

5. QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANK
RANK UNIVERSITY LOCATION COMPARE & MEET QS STARS?
Overall Score
Overall Score
Academic Reputation
Employer Reputation
Faculty Student
International Faculty
International Students
Citations per Faculty
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1100.0 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
299.2 Harvard University
399.0 University of Cambridge
498.9 UCL (University College London)
598.8 Imperial College London
698.7 University of Oxford
796.8 Stanford University
896.5 Yale University
996.2 University of Chicago
1096.1 California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
1096.1 Princeton University
5

6. 1294.3 ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)
1393.8 University of Pennsylvania
1493.6 Columbia University
1592.5 Cornell University
1692.1 Johns Hopkins University
1791.3 University of Edinburgh
1791.3 University of Toronto
1990.9 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
1990.9 King's College London (KCL)
2190.6 McGill University
2290.5 University of Michigan
2390.1 Duke University
2489.4 National University of Singapore (NUS)
2589.0 University of California, Berkeley (UCB)
2688.6 University of Hong Kong
2788.5 Australian National University
2887.8 Ecole normale supérieure, Paris
2987.3 Northwestern University
3086.6 University of Bristol
3186.0 The University of Melbourne
3285.7 The University of Tokyo
3385.2 The University of Manchester
3484.4 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
6

7. 3584.1 Kyoto University
3584.1 Seoul National University
3783.0 University of Wisconsin-Madison
3882.9 The University of Sydney
3982.3 The Chinese University of Hong Kong
4081.9 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
4181.1 Ecole Polytechnique
4181.1 Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
4380.9 The University of Queensland
4480.8 New York University (NYU)
4580.5 University of Copenhagen
4680.0 Peking University
4779.8 Brown University
4879.7 Tsinghua University
4979.4 University of British Columbia
5079.3 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
QS Rank School Name Overall
51 University of Glasgow 78.9
52 The University of New South Wales 78.8
53 Technische Universität München 78.5
54 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 77.0
7

8. 55 Osaka University 76.9
56 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 76.7
57 Carnegie Mellon University 76.6
58 University of Amsterdam 76.4
59 University of Washington 76.2
60 KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology 75.8
61 Trinity College Dublin 75.1
62 University of Birmingham 74.9
63 University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 74.8
64 The University of Warwick 74.5
65 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 74.4
66 Tokyo Institute of Technology 74.2
67 Lund University 74.0
68 London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) 73.9
69 Monash University 73.7
70 University of Helsinki 73.7
71 The University of Sheffield 73.3
72 University of Geneva 73.3
73 University of Texas at Austin 73.3
74 Leiden University 73.2
75 The University of Nottingham 73.1
76 Tohoku University 73.1
77 KU Leuven 73.0
78 University of Zurich 72.9
79 Boston University 72.5
80 Uppsala University 72.5
81 Utrecht University 72.3
82 National Taiwan University (NTU) 72.0
83 University of St Andrews 71.6
84 The University of Western Australia 71.4
85 University of California, Davis 71.3
86 University of Southampton 71.0
87 Washington University in St. Louis 71.0
88 Fudan University 70.8
89 University of Oslo 70.6
90 Durham University 70.4
91 Aarhus University 70.3
92 Erasmus University Rotterdam 70.2
93 Université de Montréal 70.2
94 The University of Auckland 69.8
95 Delft University of Technology 69.4
8

9. 96 University of Alberta 69.3
97 University of Groningen 69.2
98 University of Leeds 69.2
99 Georgia Institute of Technology 68.4
100 Nagoya University 68.4
101 Purdue University 68.4
102 Universität Freiburg 67.9
103 University of Minnesota 67.9
104 City University of Hong Kong 67.7
105 The University of Adelaide 67.7
106 University of Pittsburgh 67.6
107 Pennsylvania State University 67.5
108 Pohang University of Science And Technology (POSTECH) 67.5
109 Freie Universität Berlin 66.9
110 University of Basel 66.2
111 University of Lausanne 66.1
112 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) 65.9
113 Ohio State University 65.8
114 Yonsei University 65.1
115 University of York 65.2
116 Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL) 64.8
117 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 64.7
118 University of Maryland, College Park 64.7
119 KTH, Royal Institute of Technology 64.5
120 Dartmouth College 64.1
121 Lomonosov Moscow State University 63.9
122 Maastricht University 63.8
123 Ghent University 63.7
124 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 63.6
125 University of Southern California 63.2
126 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 63.1
127 Universidade de São Paulo (USP) 63.0
128 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 62.8
129 Newcastle University 62.5
130 University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) 62.2
131 University of Liverpool 62.2
132 University of Virginia 62.1
133 Kyushu University 62.0
134 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen 61.8
135 Technical University of Denmark 61.8
136 Cardiff University 61.7
9

10. 137 Rice University 61.7
138 Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) 61.3
139 University College Dublin 61.2
140 McMaster University 61.0
141 Emory University 60.9
142 Hebrew University of Jerusalem 60.9
143 Radboud University Nijmegen 60.8
144 Hokkaido University 60.6
145 Korea University 60.5
146 University of Cape Town 60.5
147 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen 60.1
148 University of Aberdeen 59.9
149 University of California, Irvine 59.6
150 Wageningen University 59.4
151 University of Bergen 59.2
152 University of Rochester 59.2
153 Texas A&M University 58.7
154 University of Bern 58.4
155 University of Otago 58.2
156 Lancaster University 58.1
157 Eindhoven University of Technology 58.0
158 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 57.7
159 University of Vienna 57.7
160 University of Colorado Boulder 57.6
161 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 57.5
162 Sungkyunkwan University 57.4
163 Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 57.3
164 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) 57.3
165 Zhejiang University 57.2
166 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 57.0
167 Universiti Malaya (UM) 56.9
168 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) 56.8
169 University of Exeter 56.8
170 Stockholm University 56.4
171 Michigan State University 56.2
172 Queen's University of Belfast 56.1
173 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) 56.1
174 University of Science and Technology of China 55.9
175 Case Western Reserve University 55.7
10

11. 176 Nanjing University 55.7
177 Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona 55.6
178 University of Barcelona 55.4
179 University of Florida 55.0
180 University of Waterloo 54.9
181 Vanderbilt University 54.8
182 VU University Amsterdam 54.8
183 Technion - Israel Institute of Technology 54.6
184 Technische Universität Berlin 54.6
185 University of Antwerp 54.2
186 Universität Hamburg 54.1
187 University of Bath 54.0
188 University of Bologna 53.8
189 Georgetown University 53.7
190 Queen’s University, Ontario 53.7
191 Universite Paris – Sud 11 53.7
192 University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) 53.5
193 Keio University 52.8
194 University of Sussex 52.8
195 Universidad Autonoma de Madrid 52.7
196 Aalto University 52.6
197 Sapienza University of Rome 52.6
198 Tel Aviv University 52.6
199 National Tsing Hua University 52.4
200 Western University 52.4
11

12. TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION
WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKING
The essential elements in our world-leading formula
Underpinning the World University Rankings is a sophisticated exercise in information-
gathering and analysis: here we detail the criteria used to assess the global academy's
greatest universities
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013-2014 are the only global
university performance tables to judge research-led universities across all their core missions -
teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.
We employ 13 carefully calibrated performance indicators to provide the most
comprehensive and balanced comparisons, which are trusted by students, academics, university
leaders, industry and governments.
The methodology for the 2013-2014 World University Rankings is identical to that used
since 2011-2012, offering a year-on-year comparison based on true performance rather
than methodological change.
Our 13 performance indicators are grouped into five areas:
• Teaching: the learning environment (worth 30 per cent of the overall
ranking score)
• Research: volume, income and reputation (worth 30 per cent)
• Citations: research influence (worth 30 per cent)
• Industry income: innovation (worth 2.5 per cent)
• International outlook: staff, students and research (worth 7.5 per cent).
Exclusions
12

13. Universities are excluded from the Times Higher Education World University Rankings if they
do not teach undergraduates; if they teach only a single narrow subject; or if their research output
amounted to fewer than 1,000 articles between 2006 and 2010 (200 a year).
In some exceptional cases, institutions that are below the 200-paper threshold are included if
they have a particular focus on disciplines with generally low publication volumes, such as
engineering or the arts and humanities.
Further exceptions to the threshold are made for the six specialist subject tables.
Scores
To calculate the overall rankings, "Z-scores" were created for all data sets except for the results
of the academic reputation survey.
The calculation of Z-scores standardises the different data types on a common scale and allows
fair comparisons between different types of data - essential when combining diverse information
into a single ranking.
Each data point is given a score based on its distance from the mean average of the entire data
set, where the scale is the standard deviation of the data set.
The Z-score is then turned into a "cumulative probability score" to arrive at the final totals.
If University X has a cumulative probability score of 98, for example, then a random institution
from the same data distribution will fall below the institution 98 per cent of the time.
For the results of the reputation survey, the data are highly skewed in favour of a small number
of institutions at the top of the rankings, so last year we added an exponential component to
increase differentiation between institutions lower down the scale, a method we have retained for
the 2012-2013 tables.
Data collection
Institutions provide and sign off their institutional data for use in the rankings.
On the rare occasions when a particular data point is missing - which affects only low-weighted
indicators such as industrial income - we enter a low estimate between the average value of the
indicators and the lowest value reported: the 25th percentile of the other indicators.
By doing this, we avoid penalising an institution too harshly with a "zero" value for data that it
overlooks or does not provide, but we do not reward it for withholding them.
13

14. INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK: PEOPLE, RESEARCH (7.5%)
This category looks at diversity on campus and to what degree academics collaborate with
international colleagues on research projects - both signs of how global an institution is in its
outlook.
The ability of a university to attract undergraduates and postgraduates from all over the planet is
key to its success on the world stage: this factor is measured by the ratio of international to
domestic students and is worth 2.5 per cent of the overall score.
The top universities also compete for the best faculty from around the globe. So in this category
we adopt a 2.5 per cent weighting for the ratio of international to domestic staff.
In the third international indicator, we calculate the proportion of a university's total research
journal publications that have at least one international co-author and reward higher volumes.
This indicator, which is also worth 2.5 per cent, is normalised to account for a university's
subject mix and uses the same five-year window as the "Citations: research influence" category.
RESEARCH: VOLUME, INCOME, REPUTATION (30%)
This category is made up of three indicators. The most prominent, given a weighting of 18 per
cent, looks at a university's reputation for research excellence among its peers, based on the
16,000-plus responses to our annual academic reputation survey.
This category also looks at university research income, scaled against staff numbers and
normalised for purchasing-power parity.
This is a controversial indicator because it can be influenced by national policy and economic
circumstances.
But income is crucial to the development of world-class research, and because much of it is
subject to competition and judged by peer review, our experts suggested that it was a valid
measure.
This indicator is fully normalised to take account of each university's distinct subject profile,
reflecting the fact that research grants in science subjects are often bigger than those awarded for
the highest- quality social science, arts and humanities research. It is given a weighting of 6 per
cent.
The research environment category also includes a simple measure of research productivity -
research output scaled against staff numbers.
14

15. We count the number of papers published in the academic journals indexed by Thomson Reuters
per academic, scaled for a university's total size and also normalised for subject. This gives an
idea of an institution's ability to get papers published in quality peer-reviewed journals.
This indicator is worth 6 per cent overall.
CITATIONS: RESEARCH INFLUENCE (30%)
Our research influence indicator is the flagship. Weighted at 30 per cent of the overall score, it is
the single most influential of the 13 indicators, and looks at the role of universities in spreading
new knowledge and ideas.
We examine research influence by capturing the number of times a university's published work is
cited by scholars globally. This year, our data supplier Thomson Reuters examined more than 50
million citations to 6 million journal articles, published over five years. The data are drawn from
the 12,000 academic journals indexed by Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database and
include all indexed journals published between 2006 and 2010.
Citations to these papers made in the six years from 2006 to 2011 are also collected.
The citations help show us how much each university is contributing to the sum of human
knowledge: they tell us whose research has stood out, has been picked up and built on by other
scholars and, most importantly, has been shared around the global scholarly community to push
further the boundaries of our collective understanding, irrespective of discipline.
The data are fully normalised to reflect variations in citation volume between different subject
areas. This means that institutions with high levels of research activity in subjects with
traditionally high citation counts do not gain an unfair advantage.
We exclude from the rankings any institution that publishes fewer than 200 papers a year to
ensure that we have enough data to make statistically valid comparisons.
INDUSTRY INCOME: INNOVATION (2.5%)
A university's ability to help industry with innovations, inventions and consultancy has become a
core mission of the contemporary global academy.
This category seeks to capture such "knowledge transfer" by looking at how much research
income an institution earns from industry, scaled against the number of academic staff it
employs.
15

16. "Industry income: innovation" suggests the extent to which businesses are willing to pay for
research and a university's ability to attract funding in the competitive commercial marketplace -
useful indicators of institutional quality.
The category is worth 2.5 per cent of the overall ranking score.
TEACHING: THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (30%)
This category employs five separate performance indicators designed to provide a clear sense of
the teaching and learning environment of each institution from both the student and the academic
perspective.
The dominant indicator here uses the results of the world's largest invitation-only academic
reputation survey.
Thomson Reuters carried out its latest reputation survey - a worldwide poll of experienced
scholars - in spring 2012.
It examined the perceived prestige of institutions in both research and teaching. There were
16,639 responses, statistically representative of global higher education's geographical and
subject mix.
The results of the survey with regard to teaching make up 15 per cent of the overall rankings
score.
The teaching and learning category also employs a staff-to-student ratio (an institution's total
student numbers) as a simple (and admittedly crude) proxy for teaching quality.
The proxy suggests that where there is a healthy ratio of students to staff, the former will get the
personal attention they require from the institution's faculty.
This measure is worth 4.5 per cent of the overall ranking score.
The teaching category also examines the ratio of doctoral to bachelor's degrees awarded by each
institution.
We believe that institutions with a high density of research students are more knowledge-
intensive and that the presence of an active postgraduate community is a marker of a research-led
teaching environment valued by undergraduates and postgraduates alike.
16

17. The doctorate-to-bachelor's ratio is worth 2.25 per cent of the overall ranking score.
The teaching category also uses data on the number of doctorates awarded by an institution,
scaled against its size as measured by the number of academic staff it employs.
As well as giving a sense of how committed an institution is to nurturing the next generation of
academics, a high proportion of postgraduate research students also suggests the provision of
teaching at the highest level that is thus attractive to graduates and effective at developing them.
Undergraduates also tend to value working in a rich environment that includes postgraduates.
This indicator is normalised to take account of a university's unique subject mix, reflecting the
different volume of doctoral awards in different disciplines, and makes up 6 per cent of overall
scores.
The final indicator in the category is a simple measure of institutional income scaled against
academic staff numbers.
This figure, adjusted for purchasing-power parity so that all nations may compete on a level
playing field, indicates the general status of an institution and gives a broad sense of the
infrastructure and
Facilities available to students and staff. This measure is worth 2.25 per cent overall.
Subject tables
The subject tables employ the same range of 13 performance indicators used in the overall World
University Rankings, brought together with scores provided under five categories:
Teaching: the learning environment
Research: volume, income and reputation
Citations: research influence
International outlook: staff, students and research
Industry income: innovation.
Here, the overall methodology is carefully recalibrated for each subject, with the weightings
changed to best suit the individual fields. In particular, those given to the research indicators
have been altered to fit more closely the research culture in each subject, reflecting different
publication habits: in the arts and humanities, for instance, where the range of outputs extends
well beyond peer-reviewed journals, we give less weight to paper citations.
17

18. Accordingly, the weight given to “citations: research influence” is halved from 30 per cent in the
overall rankings to just 15 per cent for the arts and humanities.
More weight is given to other research indicators, including the academic reputation survey.
For social sciences, where there is also less faith in the strength of citations alone as an indicator
of research excellence, the measure’s weighting is reduced to 25 per cent.
By the same token, in those subjects where the vast majority of research outputs come through
journal articles and where there are high levels of confidence in the strength of citations data, we
have increased the weighting given to the research influence (up to 35 per cent for the physical
and life sciences and for the clinical, pre-clinical and health tables).
A breakdown of the methodology for each subject is provided at the foot of the tables.
Criteria
No institution can be included in the overall World University Rankings unless it has published a
minimum of 200 research papers a year over the five years we examine.
But for the six subject tables, the threshold drops to 100 papers a year for subjects that generate a
high volume of publications and 50 a year in subjects such as social sciences where the volume
tends to be lower.
Although we apply some editorial discretion, we generally expect an institution to have at least
10 per cent of its staff working in the relevant discipline in order to include it in the subject table.
The majority of institutions in Thomson Reuters’ Global Institutional Profiles database, which
fuels the rankings, provide detailed subject-level information. In rare cases where such data are
not supplied, institutions are either excluded or public sources are used to inform estimates.
18

19. THE World University Rankings 2013-2014
Rank Institution Location
Overall
Score
1 California Institute of Technology (Caltech) United States 94.9
2 University of Oxford United Kingdom 93.9
2 Harvard University United States 93.9
4 Stanford University United States 93.8
5 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States 93.0
6 Princeton University United States 92.7
7 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 92.3
8 University of California, Berkeley United States 89.8
9 University of Chicago United States 87.8
10 Imperial College London United Kingdom 87.5
11 Yale University United States 87.4
12 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) United States 86.3
13 Columbia University United States 85.2
14
ETH Zürich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Zürich
Switzerland 84.5
15 Johns Hopkins University United States 83.7
16 University of Pennsylvania United States 81.0
17 Duke University United States 79.3
18 University of Michigan United States 79.2
19 Cornell University United States 79.1
20 University of Toronto Canada 78.3
21 University College London (UCL) United Kingdom 77.6
22 Northwestern University United States 77.1
23 The University of Tokyo Japan 76.4
24 Carnegie Mellon University United States 76.0
19

20. 25 University of Washington United States 73.4
26 National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore 72.4
27 University of Texas at Austin United States 72.2
28 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) United States 71.6
29 University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign United States 71.4
30 University of Wisconsin-Madison United States 71.1
31 University of British Columbia Canada 70.8
32
London School of Economics and Political Science
(LSE)
United Kingdom 69.8
33 University of California, Santa Barbara United States 68.4
34 University of Melbourne Australia 68.2
35 McGill University Canada 68.1
36 Karolinska Institute Sweden 67.8
37 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland 67.7
38 King's College London United Kingdom 67.6
39 University of Edinburgh United Kingdom 67.5
40 University of California, San Diego United States 67.4
40 New York University (NYU) United States 67.4
42 Washington University in St Louis United States 67.2
43 The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 65.3
44 Seoul National University Republic of Korea 65.2
45 Peking University China 65.0
46 University of Minnesota United States 64.9
47 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill United States 64.5
48 Australian National University Australia 64.4
49 Pennsylvania State University United States 64.2
50 Boston University United States 63.5
50 Tsinghua University China 63.5
52 University of California, Davis United States 63.2
52 Brown University United States 63.2
52 Kyoto University Japan 63.2
55 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Germany 63.1
56
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
(KAIST)
Republic of Korea 62.9
57 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 62.5
58 University of Manchester United Kingdom 62.3
59 Ohio State University United States 62.0
60
Pohang University of Science and Technology
(Postech)
Republic of Korea 61.7
61 KU Leuven Belgium 61.3
62 Purdue University United States 60.7
63 University of Queensland Australia Australia 59.9
20

21. 63 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Germany 59.9
65 Rice University United States 59.8
65 École Normale Supérieure France 59.8
67 Leiden University Netherlands 59.4
68 Universität Heidelberg Germany 59.2
69 Delft University of Technology Netherlands 59.1
70 École Polytechnique France 59.0
70 University of Southern California United States 59.0
72 University of Sydney Australia 58.8
73 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 58.1
74 Universität Basel Switzerland 57.7
74 Utrecht University Netherlands 57.7
76 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 57.2
77 Wageningen University and Research Center Netherlands 56.8
78 University of Pittsburgh United States 56.7
79 University of Bristol United Kingdom 56.3
80 Tufts University United States 56.1
80 Durham University United Kingdom 56.1
80 Emory University United States 56.1
83 Michigan State University United States 55.9
83 University of Amsterdam Netherlands 55.9
85 Ghent University Belgium 55.5
86 Freie Universität Berlin Germany 55.3
87 Technische Universität München Germany 55.2
88 Case Western Reserve University United States 55.0
88 Vanderbilt University United States 55.0
90 University of Notre Dame United States 54.7
91 Monash University Australia 54.6
92 McMaster University Canada 54.5
93 University of California, Irvine United States 54.1
94 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany 53.8
95 University of Rochester United States 53.6
96 Université Pierre et Marie Curie France 53.5
97 University of Colorado Boulder United States 53.4
98 University of Groningen Netherlands 52.9
98 Maastricht University Netherlands 52.9
100 University of York United Kingdom 52.6
100 University of Helsinki Finland 52.6
102 Royal Holloway, University of London United Kingdom 52.5
103 University of Arizona United States 52.4
103 Stockholm University Sweden 52.4
21

22. 103 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey United States 52.4
106 Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands 52.3
106 University of Montreal Canada 52.3
108 University of Maryland, College Park United States 52.2
109 Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 52.0
109 University of Alberta Canada 52.0
111 Uppsala University Sweden 51.9
112 University of Sheffield United Kingdom 51.8
112 University of Virginia United States 51.8
114 University of New South Wales Australia 51.7
114 Université Paris-Sud France 51.7
114 Queen Mary, University of London United Kingdom 51.7
117 University of Glasgow United Kingdom 51.6
117 KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden 51.6
117 University of St Andrews United Kingdom 51.6
117 Technical University of Denmark Denmark 51.6
121 University of Sussex United Kingdom 51.2
121 University of Zürich Switzerland 51.2
123 Lund University Sweden 51.1
124 University of Geneva Switzerland 51.0
125 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 50.8
126 University of Cape Town South Africa 50.5
126 Dartmouth College United States 50.5
128 University of Florida United States 50.4
129 RWTH Aachen University Germany 50.3
129 Trinity College Dublin
Republic of
Ireland
50.3
131 Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands 50.2
132 Université de Lausanne Switzerland 50.1
132 Indiana University United States 50.1
132 University of Massachusetts United States 50.1
135 Boston College United States 50.0
136 University of California, Santa Cruz United States 49.9
137 Lancaster University United Kingdom 49.7
138 Aarhus University Denmark 49.6
139 University of Leeds United Kingdom 49.5
139 Colorado School of Mines United States 49.5
141 University of Warwick United Kingdom 49.4
142 National Taiwan University Taiwan 49.2
143 University of Utah United States 49.1
144 Osaka University Japan 49.0
144 VU University Amsterdam Netherlands 49.0
22

23. 146 University of Southampton United Kingdom 48.9
146 Arizona State University United States 48.9
148 University of California, Riverside United States 48.7
148 University of Exeter United Kingdom 48.7
150 University of Copenhagen Denmark 48.5
150 Tohoku University Japan 48.5
152 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Germany 48.4
153 University of Birmingham United Kingdom 48.3
154 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany 48.0
155 Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble France 47.8
156 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon France 47.5
157 University of Bern Switzerland 47.4
157 University of Nottingham United Kingdom 47.4
159 Texas A&M University United States 47.2
160 Georgetown University United States 47.0
161 University College Dublin
Republic of
Ireland
46.7
161 University of Leicester United Kingdom 46.7
161 University of Iowa United States 46.7
164 University of Antwerp Belgium 46.6
164 Pompeu Fabra University Spain 46.6
164 Brandeis University United States 46.6
164 University of Auckland New Zealand 46.6
168 University of Western Australia Australia 46.4
169 University of Liverpool United Kingdom 46.3
170 University of Twente Netherlands 46.2
170 University of Vienna Austria 46.2
172 Yeshiva University United States 46.1
172 Université Catholique de Louvain Belgium 46.1
174 University of East Anglia United Kingdom 46.0
174 University of Delaware United States 46.0
176 Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium 45.9
176 University at Buffalo United States 45.9
178 Stony Brook University United States 45.8
178 Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 France 45.8
180 Wake Forest University United States 45.7
181 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States 45.6
181 Universität Bonn Germany 45.6
183 Iowa State University United States 45.5
184 Northeastern University United States 45.4
185 University of Oslo Norway 45.3
185 University of Miami United States 45.3
23

24. 185 University of Ottawa Canada 45.3
188 University of Aberdeen United Kingdom 45.2
188 The University of Texas at Dallas United States 45.2
190 Yonsei University Republic of Korea 45.1
191 University of Illinois at Chicago United States 45.0
192 Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel 45.0
193 Mines ParisTech France 44.9
194 George Washington University United States 44.8
195 University of Reading United Kingdom 44.8
196 University of Dundee United Kingdom 44.7
197 Florida Institute of Technology United States 44.6
198 Newcastle University United Kingdom 44.5
199 Tel Aviv University Israel 44.3
200 Boğaziçi University Turkey 44.3
24

25. WEBOMETRICS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANK
Methodology
The Ranking Web or Webometrics is the largest academic ranking of Higher Education
Institutions. Since 2004 and every six months an independent, objective, free, open scientific
exercise is performed by the Cybermetrics Lab (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)
for the providing reliable, multidimensional, updated and useful information about the
performance of universities from all over the world based on their web presence and impact.
History
The Cybermetrics Lab has been developing quantitative studies on the academic web since
the mid-nineties. A first indicator was presented during the EASST/4S conference in Bielefeld
(1996) and the collection of web data from European universities started in 1999 supported by
the EU funded project EICSTES. These efforts are a follow-up of our scientometric research
started in 1994 that has been presented in the conferences of the International Society for
Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI, 1995-2011) and the International Conferences on
Science and Technology Indicators (STI-ENID, 1996-2012) and published in high impact
journals (Journal of Informetrics, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, Scientometrics, Journal of Information Science, Information Processing &
Management, Research Evaluation and others). In 1997 we started the edition of an all-
electronic open access peer-reviewed journal, Cybermetrics, devoted to the publication of
webometrics-related papers.
In 2003 after the publication of the Shanghai Jiatong University breakthrough ranking, the
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), we decided to adopt the main innovations
proposed by Liu and his team. The ranking will be built from publicly available web data,
combining the variables into a composite indicator, and with a true global coverage. The first
edition was published in 2004, it appears twice per year since 2006 and after 2008 the portal
also includes webometrics rankings for research centers, hospitals, repositories and business
schools.
Objectives and motivation
The original aim of the Ranking is to promote academic web presence, supporting the Open
Access initiatives for increasing significantly the transfer of scientific and cultural knowledge
generated by the universities to the whole Society. In order to achieve this objective, the
publication of rankings is one of the most powerful and successful tools for starting and
consolidating the processes of change in the academia, increasing the scholars’ commitment
and setting up badly needed long term strategies
25

26. The objective is not to evaluate websites, their design or usability or the popularity of
their contents according to the number of visits or visitors. Web indicators are considered
as proxies in the correct, comprehensive, deep evaluation of the university global performance,
taking into account its activities and outputs and their relevance and impact.
At the end a reliable rank is only possible if the web presence is a trustworthy mirror of the
university. In the second decade of the 21st
century the Web is key for the future of all the
university missions, as it is already the most important scholarly communication tool, the future
channel for the off-campus distance learning, the open forum for the community engagement
and the universal showcase for attracting talent, funding and resources.
Philosophy and justification
Webometrics only publish a unique Ranking of Universities in every edition. The combination of
indicators is the result of a careful investigation and it is not open to individual choosing by users
without enough knowledge or expertise in this field. Other publishers provide series of very
different rankings using exactly the same data in different fashions that is completely useless
and very confusing.
Webometrics is a ranking of all the universities of the world, not only a few hundred institutions
from the developed world. Of course, “World-class” universities usually are not small or very
specialized institutions.
Webometrics is continuously researching for improving the ranking, changing or evolving the
indicators and the weighting model to provide a better classification. It is a shame that a few
rankings maintain stability between editions without correcting errors o tuning up indicators.
Rankings backed by a for-profit company exploiting rank-related business or with strong political
links reflected in individual ranks should be checked with care.
Research only (bibliometrics) based rankings are biased against technologies, computer
science, social sciences and humanities, disciplines that usually amounts for more than half of
the scholars and students in a standard comprehensive university. Webometrics also measure,
in an indirect way, other missions like teaching or the so-called third mission, considering not
only the scientific impact of the university activities, but also the economic relevance of the
technology transfer to industry, the community engagement (social, cultural, environmental
roles) and even the political influence.
Webometrics uses link analysis for quality evaluation as it is a far more powerful tool than
citation analysis or global surveys. In the first case, bibliometrics only counts formal recognition
between peers, while links not only includes bibliographic citations but also third parties
involvement with university activities. Surveys are not a suitable tool for World Rankings as
there is not even a single individual with a deep (several semesters per institution), multi-
institutional (several dozen), multidisciplinary (hard sciences, biomedicine, social sciences,
technologies) experience in a representative sample (different continents) of universities
worldwide.
26

27. Research output is also key topic for Webometrics, but including not only formal (e-journals,
repositories) publications but also informal scholarly communication. Web publication is
cheaper, maintaining the high standards of quality of peer review processes. It could also reach
much larger potential audiences, offering access to scientific knowledge to researchers and
institutions located in developing countries and also to third parties (economic, industrial,
political or cultural stakeholders) in their local community.
We intend to motivate both institutions and scholars to have a web presence that reflect
accurately their activities. If the web performance of an institution is below the expected
position according to their academic excellence, university authorities should reconsider
their web policy, promoting substantial increases of the volume and quality of their
electronic publications.
Candidate students should use additional criteria if they are trying to choose university.
Webometrics ranking correlates well with quality of education provided and academic prestige,
but other non-academic variables need to be taken into account.
Composite indicators and Web Impact Factor
Probably one of the major contributions of the Shanghai Ranking was to introduce a composite
indicator, combining with a weighting system a series of indicators. Traditional bibliometric
indexes are built on ratios like the Garfield’s Journal Impact Factor that based on variables
following power law distributions is useless for describing large and complex scenarios. The
Ingwersen proposal in 1997 for a similarly designed Web Impact Factor (WIF) using a
links/webpages (L/W) ratio is equally doomed by the mathematical artifacts that generates.
Following the Shanghai model we developed an indicator transforming the ratio L/W into the
following formula aL+bW, where L & W should be normalized in advance and a & b are weights
adding 100%. We strongly discouraged the use of WIF due to its severe shortcomings.
The composite indicator can be designed with different sets of variables and weightings
according to the developer’s needs and models.
Design and Weighting of Indicators
Webometrics uses an “a-priori” scientific model for building the composite indicator. Other
rankings choose arbitrary weights for strongly dependent variables and even combine raw
values with ratios. None of them follow a logical ratio between activity related and impact related
variables, i.e. each group representing 50% of the total weighting. Referring to the individual
variables, some of them have values larger than zero for only a few universities and others
segregate universities according to differences so small that they are even lower than their error
rates.
27

28. Prior to combination the values should be normalized, but the practice of using percentages is
mostly incorrect due to the power law distribution of the data.
Webometrics log-normalize the variables before combining according to a ratio 1:1 between
activity/presence and visibility/impact groups of indicators.
The current composite indicator is now built as follows:
Visibility (50%)
IMPACT. The quality of the contents is evaluated through a "virtual referendum",
counting all the external inlinks that the University webdomain receives from third
parties. Those links are recognizing the institutional prestige, the academic
performance, the value of the information, and the usefulness of the services as
introduced in the webpages according to the criteria of millions of web editors
from all over the world. The link visibility data is collected from the two most
important providers of this information: Majestic SEO and ahrefs. Both use their
own crawlers, generating different databases that should be used jointly for filling
gaps or correcting mistakes. The indicator is the product of square root of the
number of backlinks and the number of domains originating those backlinks, so it
is not only important the link popularity but even more the link diversity. The
maximum of the normalized results is the impact indicator.
Activity (50%)
PRESENCE (1/3). The total number of webpages hosted in the main webdomain
(including all the subdomains and directories) of the university as indexed by the
largest commercial search engine (Google). It counts every webpage, including all
the formats recognized individually by Google, both static and dynamic pages and
other rich files. It is not possible to have a strong presence without the
contribution of everybody in the organization as the top contenders are already
able to publish millions of webpages. Having additional domains or alternative
central ones for foreign languages or marketing purposes penalizes in this
indicator and it is also very confusing for external users.
OPENNESS (1/3). The global effort to set up institutional research repositories is
explicitly recognized in this indicator that takes into account the number of rich
files (pdf, doc, docx, ppt) published in dedicated websites according to the
academic search engine Google Scholar. Both the total files Both the total records
and those with correctly formed file names are considered (for example, the
Adobe Acrobat files should end with the suffix .pdf). The objective is to consider
recent publications that now are those published between 2008 and 2012 (new
period).
EXCELLENCE (1/3). The academic papers published in high impact international
journals are playing a very important role in the ranking of Universities. Using
28

29. simply the total number of papers can be misleading, so we are restricting the
indicator to only those excellent publications, i.e. the university scientific output
being part of the 10% most cited papers in their respective scientific fields.
Although this is a measure of high quality output of research institutions, the data
provider Scimago group supplied non-zero values for more than 5200 universities
(period 2003-2010). In future editions it is intended to match the counting periods
between Scholar and Scimago sources.
Advantages and shortcomings
Coverage. Webometrics is the largest ranking by number of HEIs analyzed, but there is no
classification of the different institutional types, so research-intensive universities are listed
together with community colleges or theological seminaries. However the rank segregates all of
them so it is not difficult to build sub-rankings for those interested.
University missions. The direct measurement of teaching mission is virtually unfeasible and
those evaluations based on surveys (subjective), ratios of students/scholars (data unreliable
and results not segregating) or employment results (with many variables involved other than
quality of teaching) should be avoided. Webometrics rank indirectly this mission using web
presence as an indicator of the commitment of the scholars with their students. It is not perfect
but the future of this mission is clearly in the web arena and any institution or individual not
realizing that is losing ground very fast.
Big numbers. Quality of the data does not only depend of the source used, but also of the
numbers involved. For example, the number of universities with more than one Nobel Prize is
probably lower than 200 (including all of those granted since 1900) that makes very difficult to
rank them correctly. The same applies to citation data, the most powerful bibliometric tool that is
providing figures in the order of thousands and tens of thousands. The link data offer far larger
big number, usually two or even three orders of magnitude larger. Certainly the web indicators
are noisier but statistically they are better suited for uncovering patterns and discriminating
larger number of institutions.
Size-dependent. There is no debate about this issue: The most popular rankings, including
Webometrics, are size dependent, although size does not refer to number of scholars or
students (Harvard or especially MIT are not large in that sense) but probably to resources
(current funding, past funding reflected in buildings, laboratories or libraries). But this criticism is
not correct as really none of the rankings are really measuring efficiency but global
performance. The economic wealth of the nations can be measured in terms of GDP (USA,
China, Japan) or in terms of GDP per capita (Luxembourg, Emirates, Norway), both indicators
are correct but their objectives are completely different.
Bad naming practices. University managers are still fighting for convincing their authors to
assign the correct affiliations in the scientific publications. Situation is not far better in the Web
with several hundred institutions having more than one central webdomain, preserving active
old domains, using alternative domains for international (English) contents or sharing domains
with third parties. Even among those universities with only one domain, many of them change
the domain frequently, sometimes without any apparent good reason for doing that. A strange
29

30. relatively common situation is when those changes are for transferring a national top level
domain to an “.edu” domain (that usually refers to a USA university!) even when the country has
a clearly defined academic subdomain (edu.pl, edu.ua, ac.kr). These changes and, especially
the preservation along the time of several domains, penalizes very severely in Webometrics
ranking. But of course it is also a very misleading practice that decreases the web visibility of
the universities. Probably it has not so strong effect on local populations, but it is really
confusing for the global audiences.
Fake and non-accredited universities. We try to do the best for not including fake institutions,
checking especially online, international and foreign branches if they have independent web
domain or subdomain. Any suggestion on these issues is greatly welcomed.
For more information please contact:
Isidro F. Aguillo
Cybermetrics Lab - CSIC
Albasanz, 26-28
28037 Madrid. SPAIN
Bibliography:
- Aguillo, I. F.; Granadino, B.; Ortega, J. L.; Prieto, J. A. (2006). Scientific research activity and
communication measured with cybermetric indicators. Journal of the American Society for
the Information Science and Technology, 57(10): 1296 - 1302.
- Wouters, P.; Reddy, C. & Aguillo, I. F. (2006). On the visibility of information on the Web: an
exploratory experimental approach. Research Evaluation, 15(2):107-115.
- Ortega, J L; Aguillo, I.F.; Prieto, JA. (2006). Longitudinal Study of Contents and Elements in
the Scientific Web environment. Journal of Information Science, 32(4):344-351.
- Kretschmer, H. & Aguillo, I. F. (2005).New indicators for gender studies in Web networks.
Information Processing & Management, 41 (6): 1481-1494.
- Aguillo, I. F.; Granadino, B.; Ortega, J.L. & Prieto, J.A. (2005). What the Internet says about
Science. The Scientist, 19(14):10, Jul. 18, 2005.
- Kretschmer, H. & Aguillo, I. F. (2004). Visibility of collaboration on the Web. Scientometrics,
61(3): 405-426.
- Cothey V, Aguillo IF & Arroyo N (2006). Operationalising “Websites”: lexically, semantically or
topologically?. Cybermetrics, 10(1): Paper 4.
http://cybermetrics.cindoc.csic.es/articles/v10i1p4.pdf
30

31. WEBOMETRICS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKING
ranking University Country
Presence
Rank*
1 Harvard University 3
2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 7
3 Stanford University 8
4 Cornell University 13
5 Columbia University New York 52
6 University of California Berkeley 2090
7 University of Pennsylvania 14
8 University of California Los Angeles UCLA 43
9 University of California San Francisco 4
10 University of Cambridge 18
11 University of Oxford 28
11 Yale University 35
13 University of Texas Austin 101
14 (2) Johns Hopkins University 103
15 Texas A&M University 23
16 Princeton University 19
17 University of Utah 47
18 University of Florida 88
19 Purdue University 55
20 University of Michigan 2496
21 (2) Pennsylvania State University 2211
22 University of California San Diego 91
23 Carnegie Mellon University 54
24 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 155
25 Duke University 122
26 (1) University of Maryland 50
27 (2) California Institute of Technology Caltech 12
31

32. ranking University Country
Presence
Rank*
27 University of Southern California 232
29 (2) Universidade de São Paulo USP 33
30 University of British Columbia 90
31 University of Minnesota 3918
32 New York University 137
33 University of Toronto 759
34 (1) University of Illinois Urbana Champaign 278
35 University of Washington 3403
36 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 120
37 (1) Indiana University 78
38 Ohio State University 98
39 Arizona State University 131
40 National Taiwan University 2
41 Washington University Saint Louis 247
42 Northwestern University 115
43 University of Wisconsin Madison 5288
44 University of Tokyo / 東京大学 125
45 University of Colorado Boulder 169
46 University of California Santa Barbara 106
47 University of Arizona 2180
48 University of Rochester 9
49 University College London 306
50 (2) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 48
51 North Carolina State University 789
52 University of Edinburgh 260
53 University of California Irvine 395
54 University of Virginia 3482
55 University of Pittsburgh 942
56 Tsinghua University China / 清华大学 290
57 Boston University 68
58 University of Kentucky 149
59 University of California Davis 1483
32

33. ranking University Country
Presence
Rank*
60
Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology
KAIST
11
61 University of Iowa 289
62 Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg 37
63 University of Missouri Columbia 27
64 Iowa State University 83
65 University of Hong Kong 134
66 Universität Hamburg 6
67 Universität zu Köln 85
68 University of Alberta 59
69
Zhejiang University (National Che Kiang University) /
浙江大学
734
70 McGill University 179
71 Vanderbilt University 95
72 Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza 209
73 Georgia Institute of Technology 1601
74 University at Buffalo 21
75
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zürich /
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
3422
76 Simon Fraser University 262
77 Florida State University 96
78 University of Oregon 228
78 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 1309
80 Oregon State University 139
80 University of Chicago 3230
82 University of Georgia 829
83 National University of Singapore 465
83 Universität Wien 128
85 Michigan State University 5384
86 Peking University / 北京大学 922
87 Tufts University 51
87 University of California Santa Cruz 161
89 Ghent University / Universiteit Gent 32
33

34. ranking University Country
Presence
Rank*
90 University of Calgary 154
91 University of Massachusetts Amherst 308
92 Kyoto University / 京都大学 77
93 University of Amsterdam / Universiteit van Amsterdam 218
94 Universidad Complutense de Madrid 110
95 University of California Riverside 30
95 Australian National University 309
97 Emory University 186
98 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 163
99 York University 147
100
Charles University in Prague / Univerzita Karlova v
Praze
64
101 Universität Zürich 187
102 Rice University 208
103 Brown University 195
104 (1) Monash University 470
104 Seoul National University / 서울대학교 4033
106 Utrecht University / Universiteit Utrecht 1350
107 University of Melbourne 291
108 Ludwig Maximilians Universität München 1985
109 Tel Aviv University 38
110 Universidade do Porto 61
111 University of New South Wales 342
112 Humboldt Universität zu Berlin 144
113
Lomonosov Moscow State University / Московский
государственный университет М В Ломоносова
108
114 Universidad Politécnica de Valencia 76
114 Technische Universität Dresden 267
116 Washington State University Pullman 93
117 (1) University of Nottingham 203
118 University of Copenhagen / Københavns Universitet 295
34

35. 119 University of Victoria British Columbia 280
120 Wuhan University / 武汉大学 75
120 Lund University / Lunds Universitet 29
122 Universität Freiburg 188
123 (1) Technische Universität München 140
124
Eindhoven University of Technology / Technische
Universiteit Eindhoven
157
125 Delft University of Technology TU Delft 41
126 Universität Leipzig 117
127 University of Delaware 148
127 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 358
129 Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn 285
130 Freie Universität Berlin 180
130 Hebrew University of Jerusalem 10
132 Rheinisch Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen 505
133 University of Tennessee Knoxville 514
134 University of Queensland 380
135 Colorado State University 567
136
(1) Norwegian University of Science & Technology /
Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
196
137 University of Glasgow 178
138 Karolinska Institute / Karolinska Institutet 1
139 Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main 153
140 Georgetown University 222
141 University of Tsukuba / 筑波大学 322
142 University of Oklahoma 245
142 Catholic University of Leuven 1428
144 University of South Carolina 174
145 University of Miami 107
146 University of Groningen / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 305
146 George Mason University 371
146 University of Illinois Chicago 611
149 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 70
150 University of Cincinnati 224
35

36. 151 (1) University of Southampton 150
152 Université de Montréal 227
153 Aarhus University / Aarhus Universitet 46
154 University of Bergen / Universitetet i Bergen 15
155
Sun Yat Sen University (Zhongshan University) / 中山
大学
158
156 Université de Geneve 166
157 Xiamen University / 厦门大学 307
158 Università di Pisa (Università degli Studi di Pisa) 238
159 (1) University of Sydney 927
160
Royal Institute of Technology / Kungliga Tekniska
Högskolan
367
161 Keio University / 慶応義塾大学 578
162 University of Nebraska Lincoln 1622
163 Uppsala University / Uppsala Universitet 383
164 University of North Texas 136
165 University of Waterloo 544
166 Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena 114
167 University of Oslo / Universitetet i Oslo 2470
168 Chinese University of Hong Kong 314
169 (1) Universität Duisburg Essen 343
170 Universität Münster 251
170 Open University UK 57
172 University of Leeds 172
173 (1) Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg 272
174 (1) Universitat de Barcelona 143
175 National Chiao Tung University 159
176 University of South Florida 1166
177 University of Notre Dame 364
178 Dartmouth College 523
179 University of Helsinki / Helsingin yliopisto 3020
180 University of Twente / Universiteit Twente 372
181 Brigham Young University 339
182 Shanghai Jiao Tong University / 上海交通大学 1487
36

37. 182 (1) University of Manchester 645
184 Universidad de Granada 239
185 University of Kansas 572
186 University of New Mexico 356
187 University of Connecticut 665
188 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 213
189 University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet 189
190 (1) Universitat de València 183
191
Technical University of Denmark / Danmarks Tekniske
Universitet
253
192 University of Ljubljana / Univerza v Ljubljani 240
193 University of Warwick 126
194 Universidad de Sevilla 370
195 University of Houston 706
196 (1) Leiden University / Universiteit Leiden 828
197 King's College London 265
198 Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa 146
199 Technische Universität Berlin 490
200 University of Nevada las Vegas 496
4ICU RANKING
37

38. > About us
ABOUT US
Your gateway to World Universities and Colleges
4 International Colleges & Universities is an international higher education
search engine and directory reviewing accredited Universities and Colleges in
the world. 4icu.org includes 11,160 Colleges and Universities, ranked by web
popularity, in 200 countries.
Being a non-paid directory, 4icu.org is free of charge to both visitors and organisations
included. No registration is also required.
38

39. Organizations included
The 4icu.org directory includes worldwide higher education organisations which
satisfy the following requirements:
- are officially recognized, licensed or accredited by national or regional bodies
such as ministries of education and/or recognized higher education accrediting
organizations.
- are officialy entitled to grant four-year undergraduate degrees and/or
postgraduate degrees.
- provide traditional face-to-face learning facilities, programs and courses.
The 4icu.org directory currently does not include:
 two-year degree granting institutions such as Community Colleges, Vocational
Colleges, Training Colleges etc.
 distance learning only organizations.
 other higher education organizations that do not satisfy the above requirements

To ensure the quality of the directory listing, 4icu.org does not participate in link
exchanges or include affiliate resources within the directory.
All University and College profiles are included and updated free of charge.
Geographical classification
We adopt the United Nations geographical classification as shown in the webpage
"Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions" published by the
United Nations Statistics Division.
For this reason countries like Turkey and Cyprus are included in the Asian geographical area even
if, politically speaking, they might better fit under the European one.
39

40. 4icu.org University Web Ranking Methodology
Universities and Colleges are ranked by our exclusive 4icu.org University Web Ranking.
The ranking has been published since May 2005. Since then the ranking
methodology has been periodically fine-tuned in order to provide better results.
The current ranking is based upon an algorithm including five unbiased and independent
web metrics extracted from three different search engines:
 Google Page Rank
 Alexa Traffic Rank
 Majestic Seo Referring Domains
 Majestic Seo Citation Flow
 Majestic Seo Trust Flow
Web metrics data are collected on the same day to minimize temporal fluctuations and
maximize comparibility. A pre-computational filter is adopted to detect outliers in
the raw data. Further investigation and a review of Alexa Traffic Rank data is
carried out for universities adopting a subdomain (highly not recommended) as
their official institutional home page.
Once filtered (outliers) and reviewed (subdomains), web metrics data are normalised to a
scale of 0 to 100 taking into consideration the logarithmic nature in which both the
Google Page Rank and the Alexa Traffic Rank are expressed. The three
normalised values are aggregated based on a weighted average algorithm which
generates the final score and web ranking.
The exact formula adopted to aggregate the three web metrics is not disclosed for copyright
reasons and to minimise attempts of manipulation from university webmasters in
order to achieve better rankings. The same philosophy is adopted by Google with
regards to their search engine ranking algorithm. Being the 4icu.org University
Web Ranking a non-academic ranking, the need for ranking methodology
transparency and the ability of testing and reproducing the results, as suggested by
the Berlin Principles on Ranking of Higher Education Institutions, is less stringent
than for academic rankings.
The aim of this website is to provide an approximate popularity ranking of world
Universities and Colleges based upon the popularity of their websites. This is
intended to help international students and academic staff to understand how
popular a specific University/College is in a foreign country.
40

41. Information updates
Data and information are added or updated on a monthly basis. The 4icu.org University Web
Ranking is updated every six months, in January and July.
A special thanks goes to all Universities and Colleges that are participating in this project
and help us maintain our database up-to-date.
How to add a University
To submit a new University please find the appropriate country page in the directory and
click on the plus icon
Please note that we include accredited/recognised higher education organisations only.
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Useful website? You can support 4icu.org by:
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Advertise with us
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directory listing through advertising.
41

42. Top 200 Universities and Colleges in the world by the 4icu.org
University Web Ranking
1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States
2 Stanford University United States
3 Harvard University United States
4 University of California, Berkeley United States
5 Cornell University United States
6 University of Michigan United States
7 Columbia University in the City of New York United States
8 Penn State University United States
9 The University of Texas at Austin United States
10 University of Washington United States
11 Yale University United States
12 University of Pennsylvania United States
13 University of California, Los Angeles United States
14 University of Minnesota United States
15 University of Wisconsin-Madison United States
16 Princeton University United States
17 University of Oxford United Kingdom
18 Carnegie Mellon University United States
19 New York University United States
20 University of Cambridge United Kingdom
21 Purdue University United States
22 University of Florida United States
42

43. 23 University of Virginia United States
24 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
25 Michigan State University United States
26 Duke University United States
27 University of California, San Diego United States
28 University of Southern California United States
29 Texas A&M University United States
30 University of Maryland United States
31 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill United States
32 University of Chicago United States
33 University of Toronto Canada
34 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey United States
35 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Switzerland
36 University of Arizona United States
37 University of California, Davis United States
38 Johns Hopkins University United States
39 The University of British Columbia Canada
40 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States
41 Indiana University United States
42 The University of Edinburgh United Kingdom
43 Northwestern University United States
44 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University United States
45 Arizona State University United States
46 University of Colorado Boulder United States
43

44. 47 Georgia Institute of Technology United States
48 North Carolina State University United States
49 University College London United Kingdom
50 The Ohio State University United States
51 Universität Wien Austria
52 National University of Singapore Singapore
53 University of Pittsburgh United States
54 Keio University Japan
55 Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
56 University of California, Irvine United States
57 Boston University United States
58 Tsinghua University China
59 University of Utah United States
60 Peking University China
61 University of Iowa United States
62 Washington University in St. Louis United States
63 California Institute of Technology United States
64 Iowa State University of Science and Technology United States
65 University of California, Santa Barbara United States
66 University of Georgia United States
67 Washington State University United States
68 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China
69 Fudan University China
70 University of Oregon United States
44

45. 71 Georgetown University United States
72 University of South Florida United States
73 Oregon State University United States
74 Colorado State University United States
75 Universität Freiburg Germany
76 Technische Universität Berlin Germany
77 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
78 Florida State University United States
79 Tufts University United States
80 University of Alberta Canada
81 Seoul National University Korea
82 University at Buffalo, State University of New York United States
83 National Taiwan University Taiwan
84 Brigham Young University United States
85 Freie Universität Berlin Germany
86 University of Massachusetts Amherst United States
87 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium
88 Brown University United States
89 Simon Fraser University Canada
90 McGill University Canada
91 University of Waterloo Canada
92 The Australian National University Australia
93 KAIST Korea
94 Vanderbilt University United States
45

46. 95 Dartmouth College United States
96 The University of Tennessee United States
97 Rice University United States
98 The University of Tokyo Japan
99 University of Nebraska-Lincoln United States
100 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India
101 Syracuse University United States
102 Universitetet i Oslo Norway
103 Nanjing University China
104 The University of New South Wales Australia
105 York University Canada
106 University of Glasgow United Kingdom
107 Xi'an Jiaotong University China
108 University of Notre Dame United States
109 The University of Melbourne Australia
110 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain
111 The University of Sydney Australia
112 George Mason University United States
113 Queen's University Canada
114 University of Calgary Canada
115 University of California, San Francisco United States
116 Norges teknisk-naturvitenskaplige universitet Norway
117 Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
118 Emory University United States
46

47. 119 Universität München Germany
120 Moscow State University Russia
121 University of Delaware United States
122 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany
123 University of Missouri United States
124 Universiteit Twente Netherlands
125 University of Kentucky United States
126 University of California, Santa Cruz United States
127 Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Hungary
128 Monash University Australia
129 University of California, Riverside United States
130 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States
131 Georgia State University United States
132 The London School of Economics and Political Science United Kingdom
133 University of Science and Technology of China China
134 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
135 Università degli Studi di Bologna Italy
136 George Washington University United States
137 The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
138 Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Italy
139 Universität Hamburg Germany
140 University of Illinois at Chicago United States
141 Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenia
142 University of Victoria Canada
47

48. 143 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Germany
144 University of Houston United States
145 National Chiao Tung University Taiwan
146 Zhejiang University China
147 University of Rochester United States
148 Imperial College London United Kingdom
149 The University of Western Australia Australia
150 University of North Texas United States
151 Universitat de Barcelona Spain
152 Tongji University China
153 Université du Québec à Montréal Canada
154 Kungliga Tekniska högskolan Sweden
155 The University of Queensland Australia
156 Universität Leipzig Germany
157 Københavns Universitet Denmark
158 Xiamen University China
159 Universität zu Köln Germany
160 Indian Institute of Technology Madras India
161 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Spain
162 Universidade do Porto Portugal
163 Universität Heidelberg Germany
164 Northeast Normal University China
165 Technische Universität Wien Austria
166 Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Germany
48

49. 167 The University of Manchester United Kingdom
168 Wuhan University China
169 The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
170 Universiteit van Amsterdam Netherlands
171 Universidad de Granada Spain
172 Uppsala Universitet Sweden
173 San Diego State University United States
174 Utah State University United States
175 Linköpings Universitet Sweden
176 Rochester Institute of Technology United States
177 National Chengchi University Taiwan
178 University of Connecticut United States
179 Louisiana State University United States
180 Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze Czech Republic
181 University of South Carolina United States
182 Renmin University of China China
183 Université de Genève Switzerland
184 University of Auckland New Zealand
185 Universidad de Sevilla Spain
186 Universiteit Utrecht Netherlands
187 University of Leeds United Kingdom
188 University of Miami United States
189 Univerzita Karlova v Praze Czech Republic
190 Drexel University United States
49

50. 191 Universität Duisburg-Essen Germany
192 King Saud University Saudi Arabia
193 Technische Universiteit Delft Netherlands
194 Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
195 Universität Stuttgart Germany
196 Huazhong University of Science and Technology China
197 Université de Montréal Canada
198 Tel Aviv University Israel
199 The University of Oklahoma United States
200 University of Tsukuba Japan
ACADEMIC RANKING OF WORLD UNIVERSITY (ARWU)
SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY
ABOUT ARWU
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) is conducted by researchers at the
Center for World-Class Universities of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CWCU). CWCU has
been focusing on the study of world-class universities for many years, published the first
Chinese-language book titled world-class universities and co-published the first English book
titled world-class universities with European Centre for Higher Education of UNESCO. CWCU
initiated the "First International Conference on World-Class Universities" (WCU-1) in 2005 and
organizes the conference every second year, which attracts a large number of participants from
50

51. all major countries. CWCU endeavors to build databases of major research universities in the
world and clearinghouse of literature on world-class universities, and provide consultation for
governments and universities.
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) is published and copyrighted by
ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy is a fully independent
organization on higher education information and not legally subordinated to any universities or
government agencies. Any questions, comments or suggestions about ARWU should be sent
directly to ShanghaiRanking Consultancy at contact@shanghairanking.com.
Ranking Methodology
• Selection of Universities
• Ranking Criteria and Weights
• Definition of Indicators
• Data Sources
Selection of Universities
ARWU considers every university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, Highly Cited
Researchers, or papers published in Nature or Science. In addition, universities with significant
amount of papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science
Citation Index (SSCI) are also included. In total, more than 1200 universities are actually ranked
and the best 500 are published on the web.
Ranking Criteria and Weights
Universities are ranked by several indicators of academic or research performance, including
alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, highly cited researchers, papers
published in Nature and Science, papers indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita
academic performance of an institution. For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is
assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score.
The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect;
standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary. Scores for each
51

52. indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final overall score for an institution. The
highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a
percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of institutions that sit
above it.
Indicators and Weights for ARWU
Criteria Indicator Code Weight
Quality of Education
Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals
Alumni 10%
Quality of Faculty
Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals
Award 20%
Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject
categories
HiCi 20%
Research Output
Papers published in Nature and Science* N&S 20%
Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-
expanded and Social Science Citation Index
PUB 20%
Per Capita Performance Per capita academic performance of an institution PCP 10%
Total 100%
* For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics,
N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.
52

53. Definition of Indicators
Indicator Definition
Alumni
The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the
institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The
weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 90% for alumni obtaining
degrees in 1991-2000, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1981-1990, and so on, and
finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1911-1920. If a person obtains more than one
degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only.
Award
The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry,
Medicine and Economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who
work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according
to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners after 2011, 90% for
winners in 2001-2010, 80% for winners in 1991-2000, 70% for winners in 1981-1990, and
so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1921-1930. If a winner is affiliated with more than
one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For
Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners
according to their proportion of the prize.
HiCi
The number of Highly Cited Researchers in 21 subject categories. These individuals are
the most cited within each category. If a Highly Cited Researcher has two or more
affiliations, he/she was asked to estimate his/her weights (or number of weeks) for each
affiliation. More than 2/3 of those multi-affiliated Highly Cited Researchers provided such
estimations and their affiliations receive the weights accordingly. For those who did not
answer, their first affiliation is given a weight of 84% (average weight of the first affiliations
for those who replied) and the rest affiliations share the remaining 16% equally.
N&S The number of papers published in Nature and Science between 2007 and 2011. To
53

54. distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding
author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author
affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author
affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. Only publications of 'Article' and
'Proceedings Paper' types are considered.
PUB
Total number of papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science
Citation Index in 2011. Only publications of 'Article' and 'Proceedings Paper' types are
considered. When calculating the total number of papers of an institution, a special weight
of two was introduced for papers indexed in Social Science Citation Index.
PCP
The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time
equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country
cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators is used. For ARWU
2012, the numbers of full-time equivalent academic staff are obtained for institutions in
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, USA etc.
54

55. Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2013
(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
World
Rank
Institution*
Country
/Region
National
Rank
Total
Score
Score
on
1 Harvard University 1 100 100
2 Stanford University 2 72.6 40
3 University of California, Berkeley 3 71.3 67.8
4 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 4 71.1 68
5 University of Cambridge 1 69.6 79.1
6 California Institute of Technology 5 62.9 47.8
7 Princeton University 6 61.9 52.9
8 Columbia University 7 59.8 66.1
9 University of Chicago 8 57.1 60.9
10 University of Oxford 2 55.9 51.8
11 Yale University 9 55.4 47.5
12 University of California, Los Angeles 10 52.9 27.3
55

56. 13 Cornell University 11 50 38.2
14 University of California, San Diego 12 49.9 20
15 University of Pennsylvania 13 49.6 33
16 University of Washington 14 48.3 22
17 The Johns Hopkins University 15 46.9 39.3
18 University of California, San Francisco 16 46.2 0
19 University of Wisconsin - Madison 17 44.9 32.1
20 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich 1 43.5 30.7
21 The University of Tokyo 1 43 32.1
21 University College London 3 43 29.3
23 University of Michigan - Ann Arbor 18 42.6 33.4
24
The Imperial College of Science, Technology and
Medicine
4 41.6 15.1
25 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 19 41.1 31.2
26 Kyoto University 2 40.8 30.7
27 New York University 20 40.5 29.3
28 University of Toronto 1 40.3 20.7
29 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 21 39.7 27.3
30 Northwestern University 22 38.9 16
31 Duke University 23 38.1 16
32 Washington University in St. Louis 24 37.5 19.3
33 University of Colorado at Boulder 25 37.3 13.1
34 Rockefeller University 26 37.1 17.7
35 University of California, Santa Barbara 27 35.9 15.1
36 The University of Texas at Austin 28 35.4 16.9
37 Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6 1 35.3 35.1
38 University of Maryland, College Park 29 34.7 20
56

57. 39 University of Paris Sud (Paris 11) 2 34.5 31.6
40 University of British Columbia 2 34.2 16
41 The University of Manchester 5 34 19.3
42 University of Copenhagen 1 33.8 22.7
43 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 30 33.7 9.3
44 Karolinska Institute 1 32.7 23.3
45 University of California, Irvine 31 32.4 0
46
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at
Dallas
32 31.4 19.3
47 University of California, Davis 33 31.3 0
47 University of Southern California 33 31.3 0
49 Vanderbilt University 35 31 16
50 Technical University Munich 1 30.6 36.3
51 The University of Edinburgh 6 30.5 21.4
52 Carnegie Mellon University 36 30.4 33
52 Utrecht University 1 30.4 23.9
54 Pennsylvania State University - University Park 37 30.2 10.7
54 University of Heidelberg 2 30.2 14.1
54 University of Melbourne 1 30.2 17.7
57 Purdue University - West Lafayette 38 30.1 14.1
58 McGill University 3 29.9 31.6
59 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1 29.8 33.4
60 University of Zurich 2 29.7 5.3
61
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - New
Brunswick
39 29.5 10.7
61 University of Munich 3 29.5 26.7
61 University of Pittsburgh 39 29.5 19.3
64 University of Bristol 7 29.2 7.6
57

58. 65 The Ohio State University - Columbus 41 29 13.1
66 The Australian National University 2 28.9 14.1
67 Brown University 42 28.8 15.1
67 King's College London 8 28.8 13.1
69 University of Geneva 3 28.7 22.7
69 University of Oslo 1 28.7 18.5
71 Ecole Normale Superieure - Paris 3 28.5 51
71 University of Florida 43 28.5 17.7
73 Uppsala University 2 28 18.5
74 Leiden University 2 27.8 18.5
75 Boston University 44 27.4 12
76 University of Helsinki 1 27.2 13.1
77 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 2 26.6 20.7
78 University of Arizona 45 26.5 15.1
79 Arizona State University - Tempe 46 26.1 0
79 Moscow State University 1 26.1 43.1
81 Aarhus University 2 26 12
82 Stockholm University 3 25.8 25.1
83 University of Basel 4 25.6 20
83 University of Nottingham 9 25.6 12
85 Ghent University 1 25.5 5.3
85 Indiana University Bloomington 47 25.5 10.7
85 Osaka University 3 25.5 9.3
85 The University of Queensland 3 25.5 13.1
85 University of Utah 47 25.5 0
90 University of Rochester 49 25.4 25.6
91 The University of Western Australia 4 25 14.1
58

59. 92 McMaster University 4 24.9 13.1
92 Michigan State University 50 24.9 9.3
92 Rice University 50 24.9 16.9
92 University of Groningen 3 24.9 0
92 Weizmann Institute of Science 3 24.9 13.1
97 University of Strasbourg 4 24.7 26.2
97 University of Sydney 5 24.7 15.1
99 Case Western Reserve University 52 24.6 31.6
100 University of Freiburg 4 24.3 19.3
101-
150
Baylor College of Medicine 53-67 0
101-
150
Catholic University of Leuven 2-4 0
101-
150
Catholic University of Louvain 2-4 10.7
101-
150
Emory University 53-67 0
101-
150
Georgia Institute of Technology 53-67 13.1
101-
150
Hokkaido University 4-7 12
101-
150
Joseph Fourier University (Grenoble 1) 5-6 0
101-
150
London School of Economics and Political Science 10-14 20.7
101-
150
Lund University 4 22
101-
150
Mayo Medical School 53-67 0
101-
150
Monash University 6-7 0
101-
150
Nagoya University 4-7 22.7
101-
150
National Taiwan University 1 12
101-
150
National University of Singapore 1 0
101-
150
Oregon State University 53-67 10.7
59

60. 101-
150
Radboud University Nijmegen 4-7 16.9
101-
150
Seoul National University 1 0
101-
150
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne 5 0
101-
150
Tel Aviv University 4 0
101-
150
Texas A&M University - College Station 53-67 0
101-
150
The University of Georgia 53-67 0
101-
150
The University of Sheffield 10-14 18.5
101-
150
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center 53-67 0
101-
150
Tohoku University 4-7 15.1
101-
150
Tokyo Institute of Technology 4-7 13.1
101-
150
Tufts University 53-67 15.1
101-
150
University Libre Bruxelles 2-4 16.9
101-
150
University of Alberta 5-6 12
101-
150
University of Amsterdam 4-7 5.3
101-
150
University of Birmingham 10-14 19.3
101-
150
University of Bonn 5-8 16
101-
150
University of California, Riverside 53-67 13.1
101-
150
University of California, Santa Cruz 53-67 0
101-
150
University of Frankfurt 5-8 31.6
101-
150
University of Goettingen 5-8 28.3
101-
150
University of Iowa 53-67 0
101-
150
University of Liverpool 10-14 17.7
101-
150
University of Massachusetts Amherst 53-67 14.1
60

61. 101-
150
University of Massachusetts Medical School - Worcester 53-67 0
101-
150
University of Montreal 5-6 12
101-
150
University of Muenster 5-8 20
101-
150
University of New South Wales 6-7 0
101-
150
University of Paris Diderot (Paris 7) 5-6 12
101-
150
University of Pisa 1-2 14.1
101-
150
University of Roma - La Sapienza 1-2 12
101-
150
University of Sao Paulo 1 0
101-
150
University of Sussex 10-14 0
101-
150
University of Virginia 53-67 0
101-
150
University of Wageningen 4-7 0
101-
150
VU University Amsterdam 4-7 0
151-
200
Aix Marseille University 7-8 14.1
151-
200
Cardiff University 15-19 0
151-
200
Colorado State University 68-85 0
151-
200
Dartmouth College 68-85 18.5
151-
200
Erasmus University 8 0
151-
200
Florida State University 68-85 0
151-
200
Fudan University 1-5 0
151-
200
George Mason University 68-85 0
151-
200
Iowa State University 68-85 0
151-
200
King Saud University 1 0
151-
200
Kyushu University 8-9 0
61

62. 151-
200
Mount Sinai School of Medicine 68-85 0
151-
200
National Autonomous University of Mexico 1 13.1
151-
200
North Carolina State University - Raleigh 68-85 0
151-
200
Oregon Health and Science University 68-85 0
151-
200
Peking University 1-5 0
151-
200
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1-5 0
151-
200
State University of New York at Stony Brook 68-85 0
151-
200
Technical University of Denmark 3 5.3
151-
200
The Chinese University of Hong Kong 1 0
151-
200
The University of Glasgow 15-19 7.6
151-
200
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 68-85 0
151-
200
Tsinghua University 1-5 10.7
151-
200
University of Bern 6 13.1
151-
200
University of Buenos Aires 1 15.1
151-
200
University of Delaware 68-85 10.7
151-
200
University of Gothenburg 5 0
151-
200
University of Hamburg 9-14 12
151-
200
University of Hawaii at Manoa 68-85 0
151-
200
University of Illinois at Chicago 68-85 0
151-
200
University of Kiel 9-14 10.7
151-
200
University of Koeln 9-14 0
151-
200
University of Leeds 15-19 17.7
151-
200
University of Mainz 9-14 0
62

63. 151-
200
University of Maryland, Baltimore 68-85 0
151-
200
University of Miami 68-85 0
151-
200
University of Milan 3-4 17.7
151-
200
University of Padua 3-4 0
151-
200
University of Paris Descartes (Paris 5) 7-8 12
151-
200
University of Southampton 15-19 0
151-
200
University of Tennessee - Knoxville 68-85 10.7
151-
200
University of Tsukuba 8-9 0
151-
200
University of Tuebingen 9-14 23.3
151-
200
University of Vienna 1 14.1
151-
200
University of Warwick 15-19 0
151-
200
University of Waterloo 7 0
151-
200
University of Wuerzburg 9-14 20
151-
200
Virginia Commonwealth University 68-85 10.7
151-
200
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 68-85 12
151-
200
Zhejiang University 1-5 0
REFERENSI:
http://www.topuniversities.com/
http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/
http://webometrics.info/
http://www.4icu.org/
http://www.shanghairanking.com/index.html
63

64. 64