i.school, The University of Tokyo "The purposes and methods of technological research and case studies"

i.school, The University of Tokyo "The purposes and methods of technological research and case studies"
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 1 1© UT i.school, All rights reserved
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 2 School for Innovation, i.school, The University of Tokyo
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 3 Guest facilitator Hayato Shin i.lab: Researcher Master's degree from Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, University of Electro-Communications (received the President's Award as a vice-representative). Hayato Shin was invited to Loccioni, Italy for research and development of industrial autonomous mobile robots as a government sponsored scholar for the 2010 "Vulcanus in Europe" program during his graduate study. He currently provides consulting services on innovation originating from technological inspiration. He has obtained 8 patents through i.lab projects.
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 4 Goals of this series: Understand the entire process of creating innovation Learn to provide a concept idea Understand the process of coming up with a concept idea
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 5 5 Objectives of the 3rd class: ▶  Understand the purposes, targets and methods of technology- centered research ▶  Turn everything surrounding you into hints for ideas right away
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 6 6 Review of the 2nd class
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 7 7 Objectives of the 2nd class: ▶  Understand the purposes, targets and methods of human-centered research ▶  Turn your daily life into fieldwork right away
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 8 Market Tech-‐ nolog y Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Society The objective of understanding: Gain an insight into a society Steps in the understanding phase ① Collect miscellaneous factual information ② Group and abstract factual information ③ Understand a situation structurally ④ Explore business opportunities ① Humans ② ③ ④ Society Market
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 9 No Yes You Others No Yes Aim here Secrets Common sense Need to study The objective of understanding people： To understand social situations that neither you nor others understand (You might come up with an innovaMve idea on this stance)
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 10 10 Questions received after the 2nd class: ▶ Thank you for your participation! ▶ Tamura and Yokota responded to all of the questions.
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 11 1 1© UT i.school, All rights reserved
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 13 Society Market Human s Technolo gy Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Human-centered approach Technology-centered approach Market-‐centered approach •  New business development through corporate planning, strategic consulting, think tanks •  Business development through R&D, strategic consulting, MOT expertise •  Design consulting, design research
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 14 The focus of this class is ② Exploring new values of technologies ① Functional improvement of existing values • Research and analyze competing ideas • Collect information on leading- edge products/cases (for direct use) ② Explore new values of technologies • Explore the usage of specific technologies • Collect information on existing products/cases (for analogical use) Technology-centered approach has two types: Society Market Humans Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Technolog y
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 15 Latest Existing Value perceived by people Technological maturity Novel Existing Aim here Functional improvements Cost reduction The objective of understanding technologies/cases： Explore new values as perceived by people
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 16 Market Techno -‐logy Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Society The objective of understanding technologies: To explore new values of technologies Steps in the understanding phase ① Collect existing ideas ② Analyze means and ends ③ Group and abstract by means/ends ① Human s ② ③ Society Market
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 17 ① Collect existing ideas: The "Roomba" is a house cleaning robot equipped with various sensors to detect room conditions.
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 18 18 - Electrified wire glows The essence of creating ideas is to seek new links between existing knowledge on ends and existing knowledge on means. Means (Function, shape, mechanism) Ends (Provided value, challenge) - Light up a dark place
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 19 ② Analyze ends and means： Analyze the relationship between the ends and means of existing products/cases Means (Function, shape, mechanism) Ends (Provided value, challenge) • Keeps the floor clean • Sucks up air like a vacuum cleaner • Moves around by itself
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 20 What are the Roomba's other "provided values" as perceived by people? Post and share your ideas!
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 21 21 Examples of other provided values: ① Object of affection ② Increases free time ③ Floor is kept clean without the Roomba
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 22 ① Object of affection ② Increases free time ③ Floor is kept clean without the Roomba What are the functions and shape that make these happen? Post and share your opinions! Indicate clearly when you post: e.g.) "Functions for ①: ○○ and △△"
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 23 Market Techn ology Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Society The objective of understanding technologies: To explore new values of technologies Steps in the understanding phase ① Collect existing ideas ② Analyze means and ends ③ Group and abstract by means/ends ① Humans ② ③ Society Market
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 24 24 ③ Group and abstract by means/ends Case A : More restricted to certain means Research results on technologies are grouped by means and given abstract titles. e.g.) Theme: Everyday robots in the future Case B : More restricted to certain ends Research results on technologies are grouped by ends and given abstract titles. e.g.) Theme: Urban sustainable infrastructure in emerging countries
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 25 25 "Ends" and "means" have different levels of importance but there is no single defining relationship. Seeking a better combination of the two is good training to find hints for ideas.
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 27 27 School for innovation UTokyo students Cultivation of future innovators Leading-edge wisdom Workshop Innovation consulting Companies Creation of new businesses Practical wisdom Project Societal role Target Mission Advantage Format
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 28 28 Breaking through "1" is the biggest challenge for the recent innovation industry. 1 Concept 0 Knowledge 1 Concept 10 Market introducMon
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 29 29 1.1 Feasible concept 0 Knowledge Instead of just trying to breaking through "1," why not reconsider the process by looking at "0⇒1.1"?
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 31 31 Purposes and methods of technological research and case studies i.lab Researcher Hayato Shin
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 32 32 What are the tricks to move from 0 to 1.1? Anything is fine but be specific. Post and share your ideas! 1.1 Feasible Concept 0 Knowledge
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 33 33 Purpose Target Method Example research on technologies
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 34 34 The purpose of research on technologies: ▶  1. Understand the values of technologies/products as perceived by people ▶  2. Use the research as a foundation for specific technological discussion for actualizing the idea ▶  3. Induce a situation that ensures your company's existing technologies are utilized in the idea
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 35 35 Location Outside Inside Close Distant Proximity to the project theme Your company's technologies/ products What is the target of research on technologies? Useful mechanisms Latest technologies, fun products/ services CompeMtor's technologies/ products ① Technologies/ products ② Analogy ③ Inspiration
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 36 36 ① Research on technologies/products existing inside or outside your company ▶  Intention: Uncover the technologies your company has and use them to create ideas ▶  Example of a deliverable: 2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 33 概要� 提供価値（＝目的）� 価値を生み出している機能や形状（＝手段）� 各種センサーで部屋の状態を検知し、人の代わりに掃除してくれるロボット「Roomba」� ‣ ルンバは人工知能を搭載したロボット掃除機。部屋の形状、広さ、汚れ具合などを判断し、人間が操作しなくても勝手に掃除してくれる。� ‣ 本体に内蔵された、壁センサー、段差センサー、ゴミセンサー、など数十に及ぶセンサーが部屋の状態を検知して効率よく掃除してくれる。� ‣ http://www.irobot-jp.com/roomba/technology.html� ‣ 床を勝手にきれいにしてくれる� ‣ ペットを可愛がるような気持ちにしてくれる� ‣ 平面なら四方八方に動き回る� ‣ 空気を吸い込む� ‣ 床の汚れ具合を検知し調整� ‣ 壁や段差などの障害物を検知し調整� ‣ 何かあったら感情的な音を出す� ‣ リモコンで操作可能�
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 37 Overview� Provided values (= ends)� Functions and shape that create the values (= means)� The "Roomba" is a house cleaning robot equipped with various sensors to detect room conditions. � ‣ The Roomba is a house-cleaning robot equipped with artificial intelligence. It detects the size and shape of the room as well as dirt and debris on the floor and cleans the area autonomously without human operation. ‣ It has numerous sensors to detect walls, bumps, and dirt to sense the condition of the room and clean the area efficiently. ‣ h]p://www.irobot-‐jp.com/roomba/technology.html ‣ Cleans the floor by itself ‣ Attracts affection like a pet ‣ Moves in all directions over a flat surface ‣ Sucks up air ‣ Detects dirt and makes adjustments ‣ Detects obstacles like walls and bumps and makes adjustments ‣ Makes an emotional sound when something goes wrong ‣ Controllable with a remote
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 38 38 Structural similarity Earth Sun Nucleus Electron e-‐ Solar system Atomistic model What is an analogy? A structural similarity exists between concepts despite the lack of direct relationship
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 39 39 ② What is research on analogy ▶  Intention: Borrow mechanisms from other fields when creating ideas ▶  Example of a deliverable: 2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 44 解説水分の乏しいオーストラリアの砂漠に住むモロクトカゲ。体中に刻まれたシワが全て口へとつながっていて、体に触れたすべての水分を口へと自動的に集めることができる。微細なエネルギーを集積する構造画像出典：http://labaq.com/archives/51196569.html
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 40 Description The thorny dragon lives in the dry Australian desert. Grooves on its body guide water to its mouth by drawing moisture caught on the body. Structure to accumulate microscopic energy Photo provided at: h]p://labaq.com/archives/51196569.html
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 41 41 ③ What is research on inspiration? ▶  Intention: Encourage discovery of new combinations of existing knowledge ▶  Example of a deliverable: 2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 40 特徴 ▶  ちゃぶ台に温熱器具を合体させ、足を温める。 ▶  布団と共に用いて、保温性を確保する。 ▶  人だけではなく、猫も集いたくなる心地良さ。こたつ
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 42 Features ▶  A low table equipped with a heating device to warm the lower body ▶  Use with bedding to keep warm ▶  People, and a cat gather at the kotatsu. Kotatsu
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 43 43 Case study: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries K3 -‐ a project for creaMng new business
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 44 44 Future water/sanitation infrastructure: "Private Water System (PWS)" Concept: An urban water recycling project for buildings and residential lands to accommodate several thousand people Result: Pursued 15 applications of patents, of which 8 were already granted
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 45 45 Technology People ! “Technology” International Space Station "Business domain" Urban social infrastructure in emerging countries "Analogy" Structure to accumulate microscopic energy Idea
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 46 46 Functions/shape that create the values (= means) ▶  A mechanism to circulate 100% of the water ▶  Purification capacity to meet drinkable standards ▶  … A water recycling system at the International Space Station Provided values (= ends) ▶  Enables sustainable living without worrying about the absolute amount of water in an isolated environment Photo provided at: h]p://iss.jaxa.jp/iss/ulf2/mission/payload/mplm/
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 47 Description The thorny dragon lives in the dry Australian desert. Grooves on its body guide water to its mouth by drawing moisture caught on the body. Structure to accumulate microscopic energy Photo provided at: h]p://labaq.com/archives/51196569.html
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 48 48 Tips for research on technologies: ▶  Set the granularity of the research target according to themes and team members' expertise ▶  Encourage engineering people to focus on values and sales people to focus on functions/shape when analyzing ▶  List the most important functions/shapes first as they are numerous ▶  Prepare inputs from an analyzer's perspective on the project theme as well ▶  Remind yourself that this task is for uncovering information to create ideas not just for organizing information
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 50 50 Recommended readings for knowledge seekers
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 51 51 Teaches past results and challenges of technological management approach (= MOT). A method of managing existing projects (including upgrades) is different from that of managing the creation of new projects. Companies need both existing and new projects (two wheels) to innovate. MOT has been mainly about analytical studies based on successful examples in the past. What we need is to raise awareness of that fact that MOT is a practical study that has the potential to create future projects. Innova'on Strategy (Kiyoshi Niwa)
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 52 52 This book introduces methodology adopted by Keio University Graduate School of System Design Management (Keio SDM) that oﬀers innovaMon educaMon. Many of the authors have engineering backgrounds. It's a great book for readers with engineering expertise to learn about a human-centered approach. i.lab projects are featured as well. Systems × Design Thinking Transform the World (translated 'tle) (Keio University SDM)
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 54 54 Q&A
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 56 56 Technology People ! Create ideas by combining information on people and technologies
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 57 Society Market Humans Techn o-‐logy Idea Technology People I d e a m a k e r Idea (Product, service, experience) IDEA Next time we'll learn how to create ideas
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 58 Guest facilitator for the next class Jun Murakoshi i.lab: Product Designer Master's degree from the Design and Science Course, Chiba University Graduate School of Engineering. Master's degree from Royal College of Art (RCA) Design Products in the U.K. Murakoshi was a specially appointed researcher at the Graduate School of Engineering at Chiba University and worked as a specially appointed associate professor at the Center for International Research and Education of the same university before joining i.lab. He has a number of award-winning works that are exhibited in Japan and Europe.
2014 i.school All Rights Reserved. This material shall be the sole and exclusive property of i.school at The University of Tokyo and shall not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any other party without i.school’s written consent. 59 59 Thank you!

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i.school, The University of Tokyo "The purposes and methods of technological research and case studies"