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When A.I. makes art,
is it still Art?
University of San Francisco
July 2016
1
A Simplified History
of the Visual Arts
from 1916 to 2016
3
This is an Artwork
• Paul Strand
“Abstraction, Twin Lakes,
Connecticut” (1916)
4
This is an Artwork
• Marcel Duchamp
“Fountain”
(1917)
5
This is an Artwork
• Kazimir Malevich
“White on White” (1918)
6
This is an Artwork
• Man Ray
“The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse” (1920),
a sewing machine wrapped in an army
blanket
7
This is an Artwork
• Josef Albers
“The City” (1928)
8
This is an Artwork
• Paul Klee
“Ad Parnassum” (1932)
9
This is an Artwork
• Robert Rauschenberg
(1951)
10
This is an Artwork
• Franz Kline
“High Street” (1956)
11
This is an Artwork
• Barnett Newman
Abraham, 1949
12
This is an Artwork
• Jackson Pollock
“Blue Poles” (1952)
This is an Artwork
• Frank Stella
(1959)
14
This is an Artwork
• Yves Klein (1928, France)
“Anthropometries of the Blue Period” (1960) “Leap into the Void” (1960)
15
This is an Artwork
• Andy Warhol
“25 Marilyns” (1962)
16
This is an Artwork
• Shigeko Kubota
Vagina Painting" (1965)
17
This is an Artwork
• Bruce Nauman
“Self Portrait as a Fountain” (1966)
18
This is an Artwork
• Henry Moore
"Oval with Points" (1970)
This is an Artwork
• Christo
The Reichstag (1971)
This is an Artwork
• Lynda Benglis
(1974)
This is an Artwork
• Marina Abramovic
“Imponderabilia”
(1977)
22
This is an Artwork
• Tracey Emin
“Everyone I Have Ever Slept With”
(1995): A tent internally pasted with
the names of all the sexual partners
of the artist.
23
-
• Andrew Zisserman (2014): visualizing what a
neural network is learning while it is being
trained
24
-
• Andrea Vevaldi (2014)
25
-
• Andrea Vedaldi (2015): visualizing what a
neural network is learning while it is being
trained
26
Is this an Artwork?
• Alexander Mordvintsev’s "Inceptionism“
(2015)
27
Is this an Artwork?
• Alexander Mordvintsev’s "Inceptionism“
(2015)
28
Is this an Artwork?
• Leon Gatys and Alexander Ecker’s "A
Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style“ (2015)
Leonid Afremov Neural Network
29
Is this an Artwork?
• Joris Dik : a new 3D-printed “Rembrandt”
portrait (2016)
30
Is this an Artwork?
• Donya Quick (2015): automated music
composition
31
Is this an Artwork?
• USC’s A.I. (2016)
“And from the other side of my apartment/
An empty room behind the inner wall/
A thousand pictures on the kitchen floor/
Talked about a hundred years or more”
32
Is this an Artwork?
• Deep Dreams auction (2016)
33
Is This an Artwork?
• Blaise Aguera y Arcas, principal scientist at
Google (2016):
"We're on the edge of a new
frontier in art and creativity —
and it's not human”
34
Who is the Creator?
• And why should you get credit for your
artwork?
35
Who is the Creator?
• Who should take credit?
36
What is really different?
• What did the art collectors buy at the
DeepDreams auction? The output of a
neural network is a digital file, which can be
copied in a split second. The only way to
guarantee that no other copies will be made
is to physically destroy the neural network.
37
What is really different?
• The art was sold for a few thousand dollars,
which is a tiny fraction of the cost of the
GPUs used to run the neural network.
38
What is really different?
• Who appreciates human art? Humans.
• Who appreciates machine art?
David Hickey Lucy LippardRosalind Krauss Frank PopperBrian Sewell Arthur Danto Philippe Daverio
39
What is Art?
• The way that a neural network can be “hijacked”
to do art may help understand the brain of the
artist.

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When an artificial intelligence makes art, is it still art?

  • 1. When A.I. makes art, is it still Art? University of San Francisco July 2016 1
  • 2. A Simplified History of the Visual Arts from 1916 to 2016
  • 3. 3 This is an Artwork • Paul Strand “Abstraction, Twin Lakes, Connecticut” (1916)
  • 4. 4 This is an Artwork • Marcel Duchamp “Fountain” (1917)
  • 5. 5 This is an Artwork • Kazimir Malevich “White on White” (1918)
  • 6. 6 This is an Artwork • Man Ray “The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse” (1920), a sewing machine wrapped in an army blanket
  • 7. 7 This is an Artwork • Josef Albers “The City” (1928)
  • 8. 8 This is an Artwork • Paul Klee “Ad Parnassum” (1932)
  • 9. 9 This is an Artwork • Robert Rauschenberg (1951)
  • 10. 10 This is an Artwork • Franz Kline “High Street” (1956)
  • 11. 11 This is an Artwork • Barnett Newman Abraham, 1949
  • 12. 12 This is an Artwork • Jackson Pollock “Blue Poles” (1952)
  • 13. This is an Artwork • Frank Stella (1959)
  • 14. 14 This is an Artwork • Yves Klein (1928, France) “Anthropometries of the Blue Period” (1960) “Leap into the Void” (1960)
  • 15. 15 This is an Artwork • Andy Warhol “25 Marilyns” (1962)
  • 16. 16 This is an Artwork • Shigeko Kubota Vagina Painting" (1965)
  • 17. 17 This is an Artwork • Bruce Nauman “Self Portrait as a Fountain” (1966)
  • 18. 18 This is an Artwork • Henry Moore "Oval with Points" (1970)
  • 19. This is an Artwork • Christo The Reichstag (1971)
  • 20. This is an Artwork • Lynda Benglis (1974)
  • 21. This is an Artwork • Marina Abramovic “Imponderabilia” (1977)
  • 22. 22 This is an Artwork • Tracey Emin “Everyone I Have Ever Slept With” (1995): A tent internally pasted with the names of all the sexual partners of the artist.
  • 23. 23 - • Andrew Zisserman (2014): visualizing what a neural network is learning while it is being trained
  • 25. 25 - • Andrea Vedaldi (2015): visualizing what a neural network is learning while it is being trained
  • 26. 26 Is this an Artwork? • Alexander Mordvintsev’s "Inceptionism“ (2015)
  • 27. 27 Is this an Artwork? • Alexander Mordvintsev’s "Inceptionism“ (2015)
  • 28. 28 Is this an Artwork? • Leon Gatys and Alexander Ecker’s "A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style“ (2015) Leonid Afremov Neural Network
  • 29. 29 Is this an Artwork? • Joris Dik : a new 3D-printed “Rembrandt” portrait (2016)
  • 30. 30 Is this an Artwork? • Donya Quick (2015): automated music composition
  • 31. 31 Is this an Artwork? • USC’s A.I. (2016) “And from the other side of my apartment/ An empty room behind the inner wall/ A thousand pictures on the kitchen floor/ Talked about a hundred years or more”
  • 32. 32 Is this an Artwork? • Deep Dreams auction (2016)
  • 33. 33 Is This an Artwork? • Blaise Aguera y Arcas, principal scientist at Google (2016): "We're on the edge of a new frontier in art and creativity — and it's not human”
  • 34. 34 Who is the Creator? • And why should you get credit for your artwork?
  • 35. 35 Who is the Creator? • Who should take credit?
  • 36. 36 What is really different? • What did the art collectors buy at the DeepDreams auction? The output of a neural network is a digital file, which can be copied in a split second. The only way to guarantee that no other copies will be made is to physically destroy the neural network.
  • 37. 37 What is really different? • The art was sold for a few thousand dollars, which is a tiny fraction of the cost of the GPUs used to run the neural network.
  • 38. 38 What is really different? • Who appreciates human art? Humans. • Who appreciates machine art? David Hickey Lucy LippardRosalind Krauss Frank PopperBrian Sewell Arthur Danto Philippe Daverio
  • 39. 39 What is Art? • The way that a neural network can be “hijacked” to do art may help understand the brain of the artist.