1. a perspective for human and ecological development in the 21st century
Dr. ir. Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther

3. Population density

4. Natural weather catastrophes
Munich Re

5. 5

6. Nederland

7. Geïnvesteerd vermogen binnen
overstroombaar gebied?
Nederland, zonder pompen en dijken

10. Source: DeltaSync, 2013

11. Concept | Closing the cycle

12. Conventional city Conventional + Floating city
‘Linear metabolism’ ‘Cyclical metabolism’

13. BlueRevolution
Methodology
(Rotterdam)

14. • Tidwell (2012), Aquaculture Production
Systems. Wiley Blackwell
• FAO reports on aquaponics
14/18 |
METHOD
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam
Source: DeltaSync 2015
• FAOSTAT data on food supply
• Jönsson et al. (2004). Guidelines on the
Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop
Production. EcoSanRes
• Data on CO₂ emissions
• Borowitzka et al. (2013). Algae for Biofuels
and Energy. Springer.
• Sudhakar et al. (2012). Theoretical
Assessment of Algal Biomass Potential for
Carbon Mitigation and Biofuel Production.
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
• Gerber et al. (2013). Tackling climate
change through livestock – A global
assessment of emissions and mitigation
opportunities.
• FAOSTAT data on land use
MAIN SOURCES:

15. 15/18 |
CASE STUDIES
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam
Sources: rezon.org, dutchwatersector.com, hdtravelpics.com,
affordablehousinginstitute.org, indosurflife.com, qz.com
Rotterdam Manila Jakarta
• pollution issues
• high CO₂ emissions
• high population density and growth rate

16. 16/18 |
NITROGEN (N) AND PHOSPOROUS (P) FLOWS
*Values expressed in percentage. Source: DeltaSync, 2015
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam

17. 17/18 |
POTENTIAL - FOOD AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
Source: DeltaSync 2015
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam

18. 18/18 |
CONTRIBUTION TO RESILIENCE
Source: DeltaSync 2015
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam

19. 19/18 |
IMPACT – LOCAL AND GLOBAL SCALE
Source: DeltaSync 2015
International Water Week 2015 | Amsterdam
3,800 km² 46,900 km² 42,200 km² Total agricultural land saved
globally
1,500 km² 15,000 km² 14,800 km² CO₂ sequestration space saved
220 x 210 x 220 x Total efficiency of FPDs
2,300 km² 31,900 km² 27,400 km² Agricultural land saved
139 x 146 x 146 x Efficiency compared to global
agriculture on land

20. Building blocks| Floating buildings

21. Building blocks| Floating biofuel production
Source: NASA

22. WATERBASED URBAN DEVELOPMENT

23. Source: Aquaponics.blog
Building blocks| Floating food production and aquaculture

24. Source: FDN Engineering
Building blocks| Wave protection

25. WATERBASED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Implementation | FLOATING BREAKWATER (Marinetek)

26. Building blocks| Artificial reefs
Source: Reefballs.org

27. Source: DeltaSync, 2008
Building blocks| Utility units and infrastructure

28. Implementation| From vision to mission

29. DeltaSync and Public Domain Architecten, 2009
Implementation| Defining a short term step

30. Implementation| Building Process
Source: DeltaSync, 2010

31. Implementation| The Result
Source: DeltaSync, 2010

32. Esther Seijmonsberg
Implementation| The Result

33. Implementation| Developing the building blocks
Stichting Rijnhavenpark, Stad op het Water & DeltaSync,
2011/2012

34. Stichting Rijnhavenpark, Stad op het Water & DeltaSync

35. Implementation| Policy City of Rotterdam

36. Research| Testing and demonstration at RDM AquaDock
Stadshavens Rotterdam, 2015
Stadshavens Rotterdam, 2015

37. Implementation| Harnaschpolder Delft
Source: DeltaSync, 2008

38. Implementation| Building process
Source: DeltaSync, 2013

39. Foto Olaf Janssen
Implementation| Result

40. Dordtse kampeerders bemachtigen waterkavel
25-10-2014
http://www.rijnmond.nl/nieuws/25-10-2014/dordtse-kampeerders-bemachtigen-waterkavel
Market demand| Water plots

41. Wetlands and recreation| ecological development

42. Wetlands and recreation| ecological development
Design wooden structure: Gridshell.it

43. 43
Projects| Affordable floating housing

44. 44
Research| Water quality/ecological impact floating structures

45. 45
Research| Water quality/ecological impact floating structures

46. INDYMO – Monitoring water quality
Visuals – Life under floating platforms
Insight into the aquatic environment.
The type of fish and aquatic organisms present and
bio-diversity, are indicators of the ecological state of
water bodies.

47. Source:www.Seasteading.org
Projects| Seasteading Floating City Project

48. Source:DeltaSync/ Seasteading Institute 2013)
Projects| Seasteading Floating City Project

49.  A fundamental new approach to urban development
is needed for the challenges of the 21st century
 Floating city expansions combined with food
production can accommodate future urbanization
without sacrificing land.
 At the same time this strategy is both climate
adaptation and mitigation.
 Technology is there. Research needs to be done
parallel to fast implementation.
 Floating cities construction is part of a wider societal
transition in which governance is crucial
Conclusions

50. For more information:
Dr. ir. Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther
T: +31 152561872
C: +31 616308790
E: rutger@blue21.nl
www.blue21.nl
www.indymo.nl
www.hogeschoolrotterdam.nl