2. Review Questions
(1)
List the digestive organs from beginning to end.
(2)
How is food mechanically broken down in your mouth?
(3)
How is food chemically broken down in your mouth?
(4)
What is a bolus?
(5)
What are the 2 phases in swallowing?
(6)
What happens in the buccal phase of swallowing?
(7)
What happens in the pharyngeal-esophageal phase of
swallowing?
(8)
What happens as food passes through your esophagus?
(9)
What is peristalsis?
(10) How is food mechanically broken down in your stomach?
(11) How is food chemically broken down in your stomach?
(12) What is gastric juice made of?
(13) What tells your body to start secreting gastric juice?
(14) What tells your body to stop secreting gastric juice?
(15) What is chyme?
(16) List the 3 chambers of the small intestine from beginning
to end.
(17) What happens to food in the duodenum?
(18) What is bile used for in the duodenum?
(19) What is pancreatic juice used for in the duodenum?
(20) What type of biomolecules does carboxypeptidase break
down?
(21) What type of biomolecules does chymotrypsin break
down?
(22) What type of biomolecules does lipase break down?
(23) What type of biomolecules does amylase break down?
(24) Where are bile and pancreatic juice released from into the
duodenum?
3. (25) When is bile and pancreatic juice released into the
duodenum?
(26) What is bicarbonate used for in the duodenum?
(27) What happens to food in your jejunum and ileum?
(28) What is secreted from the crypts of lieberkuhn?
(29) List the regions of the large intestine from beginning to
end.
(30) What happens to waste as it moves through the large
intestine?
(31) What is your appendix?
(32) Describe the passing of waste through your rectum and
anus, with regards to the sphincters.
(33) What is vomiting?
(34) What is heartburn?
(35) What is diarrhea?
(36) What is choking?
(37) What are hemorrhoids?
(38) What is a canker sore?
(39) What is a stomach ulcer?
(40) What is constipation?
(41) What is a hernia?
(42) What is crohn’s disease?
(43) What is the function of your excretory system?
(44) What is the function of your kidneys?
(45) List out the excretory organs from beginning to end.
(46) What are the ureters?
(47) What is your bladder?
(48) What is the urethra?
(49) What are nephrons?
(50) What is the glomerulus in a nephron?
(51) What is the renal tubule in a nephron?
4. (52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
What is the bowman’s capsule in a nephron?
What happens during filtration?
What happens during reabsorption?
What happens during secretion?
What is kidney dialysis?
What could pus in your urine tell you?
What could bile in your urine tell you?
What could glucose in your urine tell you?
What could protein in your urine tell you?
What could blood in your urine tell you?
5. Drill Question Answers
(1) Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large
Intestine
(2) Chewing
(3) The enzyme amylase in your saliva breaks down larger
carbohydrates into smaller ones.
(4) The mushy mass of food that exits your mouth.
(5) Buccal Phase Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase
(6) You voluntarily use your tongue to push food to the back of
your throat.
(7) The esophagus involuntary squeezes the food down to your
stomach.
(8) Nothing, it just squeezes down.
(9) The wave-like contractions of your digestive muscle.
(10) Churning, this is initiated by the release of serotonin.
(11) Through gastric juice.
(12) Hydrochloric Acid, Pepsin and Rennin enzymes.
(13) The hormone gastrin is released from the g-cells within the
rugae of the stomach.
(14) The pH of your stomach drops.
(15) The liquidy-smoothie-substance that leaves the stomach.
(16) Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
(17) All remaining biomolecules from your food are broken
down.
(18) To emulsify (separate) lipid molecules.
(19) It contains enzymes used to metabolize all the remaining
biomolecules.
(20) Protein
(21) Protein
(22) Lipid
6. (23) Carbohydrates
(24) The sphincter of oddi
(25) When CCK or cholecystokinin is released into the
duodenum.
(26) To neutralize the acidic contents of the food.
(27) Useful nutrients are absorbed through microvilli directly
into your blood stream.
(28) Mucus to lubricate the food-mass, and lysozyme to help kill
some bacteria.
(29) Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
(30) Water is absorbed, and bacteria break down compounds
producing vitamins.
(31) Finger like structure that hangs off of your cecum.
It can sometimes collect waste, leading to appendicitis and
the removal of the organ.
(32) First waste must pass through the involuntary sphincter,
then it drops onto your anus/the voluntary sphincter.
(33) The forcing of harmful/toxic food substances out of your
stomach and back out your mouth.
(34) The release of acid from your stomach back up your
esophagus, usually due to a loose esophageal sphincter.
(35) The forcing of harmful/toxic food substances out of your
colon, not allowing water to be absorbed, resulting in the
water-waste.
(36) Food going down your wind-pipe due to your epiglottis not
covering the tube. Air is pumped up against the food mass
to try and eject it out.
(37) Ruptured capillaries/blood vessels inside the anal cavity.
7. (38) An open would or ulcer inside the mouth, resulting from an
over-population of bacteria, and over-secretion of acid on
the oral tissue.
(39) An open would in the stomach, resulting from an overpopulation of bacteria, and over-secretion of acid on the
stomach tissue.
(40) The result of waste which is too dry, usually from
dehydration. Waste becomes backed up in the colon.
(41) The pushing of your intestines through your abdominal
tissue due to a downward force/exertion.
(42) An immune disease which attacks your intestines.
(43) To filter blood.
(44) To filter the blood. They are the actual filtering organs.
(45) Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra
(46) The tubes that carry the liquid waste to the bladder.
(47) The storage container for your liquid waste.
(48) The tube that carries liquid waste out of your body.
(49) The filtering structures within the kidneys.
(50) Initial bundle of capillaries through which blood is first
filtered.
(51) Tube/s leaving the glomerulus which collect the filtered
contents.
(52) Portion of the renal tubule where initial filtration and
absorption occurs.
(53) Water and small particles are forced out of the blood.
(54) Useful nutrients and needed amounts of water are put back
into the blood.
(55) Acidic/Basic compounds, drugs/toxins are forced out into
your waste.
(56) A process used to filter your blood through a man-made
machine when your kidney/s fail.
