Ronald Reagan had a successful acting career before becoming president in 1980. As president, he advocated for conservative policies like reducing taxes, regulations, and the power of unions. These "Reaganomics" policies initially caused a recession but later led to economic growth. However, they also increased inequality. Reagan took a hard line against the Soviet Union in the Cold War, increasing military spending and challenging Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down" the Berlin Wall, which fell in 1989, contributing to the eventual collapse of Communism. However, his presidency was also marked by the Iran-Contra affair scandal.