Designing Commercial Systems for Maximum Performance and Profit

1. Designing Commercial Systems for Maximum Performance & Profit 2/17/2015

3. Designing Commercial Systems for Maximum Performance & Profit 2/17/2015

4. The Gear – What’s The Difference?  Quality / Dependability Issues • 24/7 Usage  Warranty Concerns • Is Commercial Use Covered?  Performance Depth • Volume requirements / Paging Headroom • System Functionality / Use of Microphones  Efficiency in Design • Low Z (8 ohm) vs. Hi Z (70 volt) © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 3

5. Lets Look at the Low Impedance Way  Low Impedance means WHAT? • This refers to 8/4/2 Ohm Means of Connecting Speakers – Conventional Home Stereo • Requires Load Balancing if several speakers are needed – Either additional Hardware required or Complex Series Parallel Connections • Requires Large Gauge Conductors; copper is expensive!! – Copper Costs UP 4X in just last 10 years • Requires More of this High-cost Wire for Load Balancing – More Home Runs 4© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

7. There Must Be A Better Way…  Constant Voltage Speaker Systems • 25V Systems – Used primarily in schools K-12 – Class 2 Wiring in the USA and no conduit required in most cases (Open cable is acceptable in most localities; check local standards adopted) – Less loss and easier applications over 8 Ohm Series Parallel • 70V Systems – Used in many applications from Life Safety, Industrial, Medical, Stadiums, Education, Clubs, Themed Entertainment – Class 2 Wiring in the USA and no conduit required in most cases (Open cable is acceptable in most localities; check local standards adopted) – Less loss than 25V, as it is higher voltage • 100V Systems – Used in similar applications as 70V; more prevalent outside the USA – Less loss than 70V, as it is higher voltage – Must be in conduit in USA; voltage exceeds Class 2 Standards 6© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

8. Constant Voltage Speaker Systems Advantages  High Z Systems - 70V Systems; 100V Systems • Multiple loudspeakers: Many loudspeakers can be driven by a single amplifier without complex series/parallel connection schemes. • Multiple power levels: Different sound-pressure-level targets can be achieved at different listening areas while still using a single amplifier. • Less expensive: Since the voltage of the signal has been stepped up and the current is relatively low, lighter, less-expensive cable can be used without incurring additional loss. Where a typical 8 ohm speaker system might require 12 gauge cable, a 70 volt system could use 18 gauge or smaller cable. • System expansion: A 70 volt system can be expanded easily. • Easy volume adjustment: A passive volume control may be installed to give the user easy, level control over a single loudspeaker or a multiple- speaker zone. 7© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

9. Constant Voltage Speaker Systems Disadvantages  25V Systems; 70V Systems; 100V Systems • Distortion: Overdriven transformers can add distortion. Additionally, low- cost transformers are prone to distortion at higher power levels. However, distortion can be present in all types of systems. Proper engineering will avoid these complications. • Insertion loss: The transformers themselves commonly reduce total power applied to the loudspeakers by 10-20%. At 1 watt tap, this represents 1.1 to 1.2 watts. • More expensive: Some local building and electrical codes may require 70 and 100 volt cabling to be carried within conduit, increasing the overall project cost. • Difficult troubleshooting: Since constant voltage systems tend to have many speakers, locating the defect is sometimes difficult. If there is a short circuit half way to the end of the circuit, sound can still be present in the first half and it may not be obvious where the issue is. 8© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

10. Which makes more sense? • Residential you can control or anticipate where the listener will sit. – We can expect that the stereo or surround image will benefit the listener • Commercial there is no control or anticipated location of the listener. – We would not want the user sitting under a speaker to only hear one channel of content? Therefore Home theatre = Stereo or Surround Commercial Systems = Mono © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 9

14. Restaurant & Bar  Low Z Method (Series Parallel)  Series Parallel Network at Equipment Location  ½ hr per speaker  8 hrs per 1000’ wire  ¼ hr per termination@Rack  Approx 950’ cable required  Complexity = HIGH © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 14 s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

15. Restaurant & Bar  High Z 70Volt Method  All Speakers in each Zone in Parallel  ½ hr per speaker  8 hrs per 1000’ wire  ¼ hr per termination @ Rack  Approx 450’ cable required  Complexity = LOW © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 15 s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

16. Restaurant & Bar  Which one looks easier?  Which one Saves you Install Time?  Which One saves you Cable?  Which one allows you to use smaller cable?  Which one puts more money in your pocket?  Do you Like More Money? © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 16

20. Small Doctors Office © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 20 s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s v v v v v v v Floor Plan 1 Speaker and Volume Control per Room 9 Speakers in Hallways for Sound Control

23. Residential Home  Which one looks easier?  Which one Saves you Install Time?  Which One saves you Cable?  Which one allows you to use smaller cable?  Which one puts more money in your pocket?  Do you Like More Money? © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 23

24. Audio Essentials – Ceiling Speaker Coverage  Sound Pressure Level decreases with Distance

26. Typical 70 Volt System Calculations  Control 29AV-1 Nominal Sensitivity 90db 1w1m  90db@ 3.3’  90 – 6db at 6.6’ = 84db  84 – 6db at 13.2’ = 78db So we have 78db @ 1 watt  Sports Bar and Grill Application = 90db SPL Goal  Ceilings at open to deck at 16’  Patrons are seated  16’ minus 3’ on average for seated patrons = 13’  13’ minus 2’ for speakers mounted at bottom of Ceiling structure = 11’ . Therefore we need our 90db Goal at 11’

27. © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 27  So now we need to calculate TAP for the speaker to hit our 90db Goal Typical 70 Volt System Calculations  78db @ 1watt  78 + 3 = 81db @ 2watts 16 watts  81 + 3 = 84db @ 4 watts  84 + 3 = 87db @ 8 watts  87 + 3 = 90db @ 16 watts  So what is our tap to be set at?????

28. Typical 70 Volt System  You have a 500 watt per channel, 70volt amplifier • Crown CDI-1000  You have 44 speakers adjusted to 14 watts each • JBL Control 29AV Speaker (Sensitivity :90 dB (35Hz – 20kHz),1W, 1M) • 44 Speakers X 14 watts each Divided into 2 zones = 308 watt load per circuit  192 watts of reserve power (Future growth and Headroom)  At 14 watts you could potentially use 64 speakers!  IT’S AUDIO BY THE ACRE!

29. Designing a System - Density Options - Square Edge to Edge Minimum Overlap Full Overlap Ceiling Speaker Coverage

31. Designing Commercial Systems for Maximum Performance & Profit Key Takeaways…  Specify commercial gear in appropriate applications…  Know when a 70 volt solution makes the most sense…  Understand and communicate the cost efficiencies and profit opportunities that come into play…  Know the basics of calculating a Tap…  Understand speaker coverage density and turn it into an opportunity…  Use the resources available to you from Harman… © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 31

32. Troubleshooting  Why can’t I use my Ohm Meter? • Ohm Meter uses DC Voltage and on a coil will only indicate the resistance of the actual wire, but not the Impedance of the coil. • Looks more like a short, as a “length of wire” and Not As a COIL.  How do we check coils? • Impedance Bridge checks coils for Impedance at a given frequency. (1Khz Typical) If we are going to do the job, we need to have the right tools!! 32© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

33. Troubleshooting  Use the Bridge to check your entire load and use the equation we learned earlier. E = Voltage Squared Divided by Impedance • Lets say the Bridge reading states 125 Ohms • 70.7 X 70.7 = 4998.49 (5000) • 4998.49 divided by 125 = 40 watts on this speaker line • Benefit is this checks both the wire/transformers/speakers and is the actual wattage the amp will be loaded to. • This takes the guesswork out of it!! Note: Document your Bridge readings on your job documents so later, when you get called back, you can look for the same reading. If it is not, then you have an issue on speaker load. 33© 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved.

34. Troubleshooting  Shorts – How do I find the needle in the haystack? • Listen to the system and walk the system. • IF it works but is much lower than expected, walk the speakers and listen for a drop. Walk back a few speakers and split your circuit here. • Take Bridge reading at this point on the open (not connected to amp) part of the circuit. Does it represent what the load should be? Adding up Taps, then using the Bridge reading. Are they approximately correct? • Keep halving your speaker circuit, checking both ways without connection to amp to find the short. © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 34

35. Troubleshooting  Other cool tools for 70V and audio systems in general • Music Supply Company TS-1A Audio Test Set • Use it as a speaker, mic, check output line level, etc.… • Best tool on the planet for checking audio systems © 2013 HARMAN. All rights reserved. 35

36. Thank you Insert Audience

Designing Commercial Systems for Maximum Performance and Profit

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