Area Effects and Competition in Fragments
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Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics
- 1. Indirect effects affects ecosystem dynamics The effect of nonlethal effects in planktonic community Alessandra Lütz; Garcia Guillerme, Maikol Rodriguez, Thiago Couto, Caio Graciani, Angel Segura
- 2. Biodiversity
- 3. You are here David M. Hillis, Derrick Zwickl, and Robin Gutell, University of Texas.
- 4. Energy flow Ecosystem functioning Energy fluxes Trophic models
- 5. Energy flow Being eaten (predation) Change in prey abundance and traits Modify community dynamics
- 6. Non Consumable Effects (NCE) Traitmediated indirect effects (TMI) Do not imply biomass removal Trait variation: Phenotipic (size), behaviour (diel migration), etc
- 7. NCE effects Inducible defenses TMI
- 8. Non Consumable Effects (NCE) Traitmediated indirect effects (TMI) Not new (Science 1971)
- 9. How relevant are NCEs to community dynamics?
- 10. NCE are relevant for predator prey dynamics Small experimental systems Relevant (Significative change) Planktonic
- 11. Plankton dynamics Microbial primary producers Cells or colonies Hundreds of species Carbon sinking Fast generation time (days) Easy to handle Large size range
- 12. Plankton dynamics Toxic blooms Ecosystems integrity Biodiversity loss Human
- 13. NCE in plankton Widely recognized
- 14. Seldomly taken into account Few models include explicitly it effects Long term dynamics of this effect unexplored
- 15. Are NCE effects important for community dynamics?
- 16. Hipothesis: Inducible defenses modify community dynamics because of changes in biomass fluxes mediated by NCE Objective Analyse community dynamics when species shown inducible defenses behaviour
- 17. Planktonic systems Lots of information on basic physiology Morphology based functional groups Nutrient (P limited) Group I Group VII
- 18. Planktonic systems Lots of information on basic physiology Morphology based functional groups Nutrient (P limited) Group I Group VII Kruk et al., 2010
- 19. How to ensamble the “system”? Predator “Daphnia” Limiting resource Phosporus Competing species
- 20. How to ensamble the “system”? Predator “Daphnia” Limiting resource Phosporus Competing species Explicit competition Group I Group VII P
- 21. How to ensamble the “system”? Predator “Daphnia” Limiting resource Phosporus Competing species Explicit competition Group I Group VII P
- 22. What if NCE? Change for I to VII in the prescence of Daphnia Group I Group VII P
- 23. Lets put some maths! Change for I to VII in the prescence of Daphnia (m) Group I Group m VII P
- 24. How does system behaves? Change for I to VII in the prescence of Daphnia (m) Group I Group m VII P
- 25. Changes in the fixed points M=0 (Exclusion) m=0.4 (Coexistence) Grou Grou C or G>0 C,G,Z,P > 0 pI m p VII P
- 26. Sustained oscilations Implications for biodiversity Grou pI m Grou p VII m=0 (Exclusion G) m=0.4 (Coexistence) P
- 27. What about nature? Coexistencepeaks Grou pI m Grou p VII Grou p VII P Grou pI
- 28. Grou m Grou NCEs are important pI p VII Non trivial effect (Peacor et al 2012) P Influence dominance and coexistence Explored in a mechanistic models based on physiological principles (first time)
- 29. NCEs are important Grou pI m Grou p VII No data to compare with model output P Design of experiments for model evaluation and biological parameters Mathemathical tools (topological aspects)
- 30. Group I m Group VII P
- 31. m>0 Grou m Grou p VII pI P
- 32. m=0 Grou m Grou p VII pI P
- 33. Grou pI m Grou p VII Similar behaviour P Similar patterns in simple and complex model Similar model beahviour (needs more formal analysis) Other competing groups? More predators?
