An informal introduction to the Brazilian science system

1. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil An informal introduction to The Brazilian Science System Roberto Kraenkel kraenkel@ift.unesp.br IFT-UNESP

2. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country

6. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000

7. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2

8. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília

9. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000)

10. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th)

11. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th)

12. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th) Currency: Real (R$)

13. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th) Currency: Real (R$) Language: Portuguese

14. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th) Currency: Real (R$) Language: Portuguese Independency: 1822

15. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th) Currency: Real (R$) Language: Portuguese Independency: 1822 Republic: 1889

16. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Generalities about the Country Population: 190.000.000 Area: 8.514.876,599 km2 Capital: Brasília Largest City: São Paulo (11.000.000) GDP (PPP):US$ 1,9 trillion (8th) GDP (PPP) per capita: US$ 10.000 (64th) Currency: Real (R$) Language: Portuguese Independency: 1822 Republic: 1889 Present Constitution: 1988

18. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions

19. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math...

20. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math...

21. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 Agronomical Institute in Campinas

22. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 Agronomical Institute in Campinas Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP)

23. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP)

24. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP)

25. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP)

26. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Academy of Sciences Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP)

27. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Academy of Sciences Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

28. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 1927 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Academy of Sciences Biological Institute/SP Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

29. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 1927 1934 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Academy of Sciences Biological Institute/SP Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later University of São Paulo USP incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

30. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 1927 1934 1946 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Academy of Sciences Biological Institute/SP Agronomical Butantan Institute Institute in Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later University of São Paulo USP incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

31. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 1927 1934 1946 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Society for Academy of Sciences Biological Institute/SP the Agronomical Butantan Institute Advancement Institute in of Science Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later University of São Paulo USP incorporated by USP) Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

32. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions with some bias towards physics and math... 1887 1893 1901 1908 1912 1916 1920 1927 1934 1946 Oswaldo Cruz Institute Society for Academy of Sciences Biological Institute/SP the Agronomical Butantan Institute Advancement Institute in of Science Campinas School of Medicine/SP ( later University of São Paulo USP incorporated by USP) Univ. Pernambuco Polytechnic Institute/SP (later incorporated by USP) University of Brazil (now Fed. Univ. Rio de Janeiro)

34. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 Brazilian Center for Physics (Rio) CBPF

35. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 Brazilian Center for Physics (Rio) CBPF

36. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 Brazilian Center for Physics (Rio) CBPF

37. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 Brazilian Center for Physics (Rio) CBPF National Research Council - CNPq

38. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 CAPES Brazilian Graduate Center for Studies Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF National Research Council - CNPq

39. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 CAPES Brazilian Graduate Center for Studies Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF National Research Council - CNPq

40. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 CAPES Brazilian Graduate Center for Studies Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF National Research Council - CNPq

41. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 CAPES Brazilian Graduate Center for Studies Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Theoretical Physics SP (IFT) National Research Council - CNPq

42. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 CAPES Brazilian Graduate Center for Studies Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Theoretical Physics SP (IFT) Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Council - CNPq

43. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 Institute for CAPES Amazonian Brazilian Graduate Studies (Manaus) Center for Studies INPA Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Theoretical Physics SP (IFT) Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Council - CNPq

44. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 Institute for CAPES Amazonian Brazilian Graduate Studies (Manaus) Center for Studies INPA Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Theoretical Physics SP (IFT) Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Council - CNPq

45. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 Institute for CAPES Amazonian Brazilian Graduate Studies (Manaus) Center for Studies INPA Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Institute of Petrobras Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Council - CNPq

46. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 1956 Institute for CAPES Amazonian Brazilian Graduate Studies (Manaus) Center for Studies INPA Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Institute of Petrobras Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Comission for Nuclear Council - CNPq Energy CNEN

47. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 1956 1961 Space and Institute for Atmosphere CAPES Amazonian Institute INPE Graduate Studies (Manaus) ( São José dos Brazilian Studies INPA Campos) Center for Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Institute of Petrobras Institute for Pure and Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Comission for Nuclear Council - CNPq Energy CNEN

48. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 1956 1961 1962 Space and Institute for Atmosphere CAPES Amazonian Institute INPE Graduate Studies (Manaus) ( São José dos Brazilian Studies INPA Campos) Center for Physics (Rio) Agency CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Science Funding Institute of Agency of the State Petrobras of São Paulo - Institute for Pure and FAPESP Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Comission for Nuclear Council - CNPq Energy CNEN

49. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 1956 1961 1962 1966 Space and Institute for Atmosphere CAPES Amazonian Institute INPE Graduate Studies (Manaus) ( São José dos Brazilian Campinas Studies INPA Campos) Center for University Physics (Rio) Agency Unicamp CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Science Funding Institute of Agency of the State Petrobras of São Paulo - Institute for Pure and FAPESP Applied Math (Rio) IMPA National Research Comission for Nuclear Council - CNPq Energy CNEN

50. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1949 1951 1952 1955 1956 1961 1962 1966 1967 Space and Institute for Atmosphere CAPES Amazonian Institute INPE Graduate Studies (Manaus) ( São José dos Brazilian Campinas Studies INPA Campos) Center for University Physics (Rio) Agency Unicamp CBPF Institute for Cenpes - Theoretical Petroleum Physics SP (IFT) Science Funding Institute of Agency of the State Petrobras of São Paulo - Institute for Pure and FINEP Long- FAPESP Applied Math (Rio) IMPA term projects, now mainly National Research Comission for Nuclear turned to Council - CNPq Energy CNEN innovation

52. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Agriculture

53. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Agriculture

54. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Agriculture

55. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Agriculture

56. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPERJ - Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Agriculture

57. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPERJ - Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture

58. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG Science Funding FAPERJ - Agency of Minas Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro EMBRAPA . Federal Research Institute for Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture

59. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG Science Funding FAPERJ - Agency of Minas Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research Institute for Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture

60. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 1997 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG Syncrotron Science Funding Facility - LNLS FAPERJ - Agency of Minas Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research Institute for Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture

61. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 1997 1999 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG Syncrotron Science Funding Facility - LNLS FAPERJ - Agency of Minas Science Funding Agency of Rio de Janeiro FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research Institute for “Fundos Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture Setoriais”

62. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 1997 1999 2005 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG UFABC Syncrotron Science Funding Technological Facility - LNLS FAPERJ - Agency of Minas University in Science Funding the SP Agency of Rio de Metropolitan Janeiro Area FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research Institute for “Fundos Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture Setoriais”

63. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 1997 1999 2005 2006 Scientiﬁc Computing Institute LNCC FAPEMIG UFABC Syncrotron Science Funding Technological Facility - LNLS FAPERJ - Agency of Minas University in Science Funding the SP Agency of Rio de Metropolitan Janeiro Area FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research 10 new federal Institute for “Fundos Universities Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture Setoriais”

64. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Timeline of scientiﬁc institutions 1973 1980 1985 1986 1991 1997 1999 2005 2006 2009 Scientiﬁc CTBE - Computing Biotech Institute LNCC FAPEMIG UFABC Ethanol Syncrotron Science Funding Technological Institute Facility - LNLS FAPERJ - Agency of Minas University in in Science Funding the SP Campinas Agency of Rio de Metropolitan Janeiro Area FACEPE- Science Funding Agency of EMBRAPA . Pernambuco Federal Research 10 new federal Institute for “Fundos Universities Ministry of Science and Technology Agriculture Setoriais”

65. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil?

66. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Geographically

70. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil?

71. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions

72. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities

73. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities

74. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná

75. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities

76. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities

77. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities

78. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities

79. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

80. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Federal Universities ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

81. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

82. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

83. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

84. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣State Labs: Butantan, Agronomical Inst.... ( essentially SP) ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

85. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣State Labs: Butantan, Agronomical Inst.... ( essentially SP) ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic ‣State run enterprises: PETROBRAS Universities ‣Private Universities very few...

86. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣State Labs: Butantan, Agronomical Inst.... ( essentially SP) ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic ‣State run enterprises: PETROBRAS Universities The weak link: very few research in industry. ‣Private Universities very few...

87. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣State Labs: Butantan, Agronomical Inst.... ( essentially SP) ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic ‣State run enterprises: PETROBRAS Universities The weak link: very few research in industry. Recently: biotech star-ups, optics, ‣Private Universities ethanol very few...

88. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Where is science produced in Brazil? Institutions Universities Research Labs ‣Institutes related to Science ‣Federal Universities Ministry: 20 ‣State Universities ==>> ‣Agriculture Ministry: EMBRAPA mainly São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná ‣Health Ministry: FIOCRUZ ‣State Labs: Butantan, Agronomical Inst.... ( essentially SP) ‣Confessional Universities PUC’ ==> catholic ‣State run enterprises: PETROBRAS Universities The weak link: very few research in industry. Recently: biotech star-ups, optics, ‣Private Universities ethanol very few... Aerospace industry

89. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I

90. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding

91. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through agencies

92. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through labs/ agencies Ministries

93. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through labs/ agencies Ministries CNPq FINEP

94. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through labs/ agencies Ministries CNPq FINEP CAPES

95. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through labs/ agencies Ministries CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ CNEN CAPES Institutes MCT

96. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through agencies labs/ CNPq funds projects Ministries in general + fellowships CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ CNEN CAPES Institutes MCT

97. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through agencies labs/ CNPq funds projects Ministries in general + fellowships CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ FINEP funds large CNEN projects in strategic areas CAPES Institutes MCT

98. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding basic and applied science through through agencies labs/ CNPq funds projects Ministries in general + fellowships CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ FINEP funds large CNEN projects in strategic areas CAPES Institutes MCT

99. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding basic and applied science through through agencies labs/ CNPq funds projects Ministries in general + fellowships CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ FINEP funds large CNEN projects in strategic areas CAPES Institutes MCT innovation, technology

100. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through labs/ agencies Ministries CNPq EMBRAPA FINEP FIOCRUZ CNEN CAPES Institutes MCT

101. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding through through agencies labs/ CAPES funds graduate Ministries studies through fellowships and money CNPq EMBRAPA for the graduate FINEP FIOCRUZ studies coordinations at CNEN Institutes the Universities CAPES MCT

102. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded I Federal Funding All areas of through knowledge through agencies labs/ CAPES funds graduate Ministries studies through fellowships and money CNPq EMBRAPA for the graduate FINEP FIOCRUZ studies coordinations at CNEN Institutes the Universities CAPES MCT

103. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II

104. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II Funding from States

105. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II Funding from States through agencies

106. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II Funding from States through agencies FAPESP in São Paulo is the most important

107. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II Funding from States through agencies FAPESP funds general science through projects by researchers. FAPESP in São Paulo is the most important

108. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded II Funding from States through agencies FAPESP funds general science through projects by researchers. FAPESP in São It also induces strategic Paulo is the areas and projects ( e.g. most genoma, ethanol). important

109. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III

110. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III Industry/Venture Capital....

111. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III Industry/Venture Capital.... the weak link....

112. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III Industry/Venture Capital.... the weak link....

113. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III Industry/Venture Capital.... Large Enterprises PETROBRAS the weak link....

114. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil How science is funded III Industry/Venture Capital.... Large Enterprises PETROBRAS the weak link.... Venture Capital in Small Biotech / SP

115. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP

116. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP

117. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Science Funding Agency of the State of São Paulo

118. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Science Funding Agency of the State of São Paulo Fosters Science through:

119. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Science Funding Agency of the State of São Paulo Fosters Science through: •fellowships

120. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Science Funding Agency of the State of São Paulo Fosters Science through: •fellowships •research projects

121. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the State of São Paulo Fosters Science through: •fellowships •research projects

122. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its own administration; São Paulo State of Fosters Science through: •fellowships •research projects

123. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its own administration; São Paulo State of Board with 12 members with 6 years Fosters Science through: mandate •fellowships •research projects

124. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its own administration; São Paulo State of Board with 12 members with 6 years Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved •fellowships without peer review •research projects

125. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its own administration; São Paulo State of Board with 12 members with 6 years Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved •fellowships without peer review •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak;

126. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its own administration; São Paulo State of Board with 12 members with 6 years Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved •fellowships without peer review •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with jobs

127. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its Master (24 months) and own administration; São Paulo State of PhD (48 months) fellowships Board with 12 members with 6 years Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved •fellowships without peer review •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with jobs

128. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its Master (24 months) and own administration; São Paulo State of PhD (48 months) fellowships Board with 12 members with 6 years Research grants Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved •fellowships without peer review •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with jobs

129. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its Master (24 months) and own administration; São Paulo State of PhD (48 months) fellowships Board with 12 members with 6 years Research grants Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved Conference Organization Funds •fellowships without peer review •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with jobs

130. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its Master (24 months) and own administration; São Paulo State of PhD (48 months) fellowships Board with 12 members with 6 years Research grants Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved Conference Organization Funds •fellowships without peer review Invited Professorships •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with jobs

131. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE I: FAPESP Funds for FAPESP are ﬁxed by State Constitution ( 1% of tax income); Science Funding Agency of the Maximum of 5% can be used by with its Master (24 months) and own administration; São Paulo State of PhD (48 months) fellowships Board with 12 members with 6 years Research grants Fosters Science through: mandate No fellowships or grant is aprooved Conference Organization Funds •fellowships without peer review Invited Professorships •research projects Thematic committees meet once a weak; Studentships cannot be cumulated with Post-Doc fellowships jobs

132. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES

133. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES

134. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies

135. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education;

136. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000);

137. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc

138. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ;

139. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

140. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

141. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

142. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

143. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

144. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •1 and 2 >>> program closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs (~2500) ; •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA

145. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •1 and 2 >>> program closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •6 and 7>>> international (~2500) ; level, access to special •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

146. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Evaluation Programs •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •1 and 2 >>> program closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •6 and 7>>> international (~2500) ; level, access to special •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

147. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs Evaluation •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •annual reports •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •1 and 2 >>> program closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •6 and 7>>> international (~2500) ; level, access to special •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

148. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs Evaluation •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •annual reports •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •6 and 7>>> international (~2500) ; level, access to special •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

149. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs Evaluation •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •annual reports •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs journals, classiﬁed by area in (~2500) ; •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C A1,and 7>>> international level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

150. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide Periodicals (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate Programs Evaluation •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •annual reports •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs journals, classiﬁed by area in (~2500) ; •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C A1,and 7>>> international level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

151. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide Periodicals (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate •15000Evaluation Programs titles; •National Subscription of Scientiﬁc •annual reports •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs journals, classiﬁed by area in (~2500) ; •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C A1,and 7>>> international level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

152. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide Periodicals (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate •15000Evaluation Programs titles; •National Subscription of Scientific •annual reports •every University with a •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 graduate program can have ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 access to all, through IP etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years identification; •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs journals, classified by area in (~2500) ; •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C A1,and 7>>> international level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

153. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide Periodicals (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate •15000Evaluation Programs titles; •National Subscription of Scientific •annual reports •every University with a •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 graduate program can have ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 access to all, through IP etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years identification; •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •fosters multidisciplinarityin journals, classified by area •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C (~2500) ; A1,and 7>>> international level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA funding

154. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE II: CAPES Federal Agency for Graduate Studies •Depends on the Ministry for Education; Evaluation: •Master and PhD fellowships nationwide Periodicals (~40.000); •evaluation is of Graduate •15000Evaluation Programs titles; •National Subscription of Scientific •annual reports •every University with a •46 thematic areas Periodicals ( Portal Periódicos, ) : 15.000 graduate program can have ( electronically) journals, electronic access; webofscience, •grades from 1 to 7 access to all, through IP etc •grades everyprogram •1 and 2 >>> 3 years identification; •academic productivity in closes... •Evaluation of Graduate Programs •fosters multidisciplinarityin journals, classified by area •6 A2, B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,C (~2500) ; A1,and 7>>> international •enormous effect on less level, access to special grades •Studentships ==> no jobs, 6 months TA developed regions funding

155. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA

156. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

157. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

158. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

159. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

160. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •Organizes the Brazilian Math Meeting •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

161. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •Organizes the Brazilian Math Meeting •Close ties to international centers •National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, established in 1952.

162. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •Organizes the Brazilian Math Meeting •Close ties to international centers •Associate center with CNRS ( Unité •National Institute for Pure and Applied Internationale) Mathematics, established in 1952.

163. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •Organizes the Brazilian Math Meeting •Close ties to international centers •Associate center with CNRS ( Unité •National Institute for Pure and Applied Internationale) Mathematics, established in 1952. •Coordinates large projects

164. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE III: IMPA •History: small but very brilliant initial group •Very strict conditions for hiring •Only research and graduate studies •Organizes the Brazilian Math Meeting •Close ties to international centers •Associate center with CNRS ( Unité •National Institute for Pure and Applied Internationale) Mathematics, established in 1952. •Coordinates large projects •Pure and Applied

165. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA

166. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer.

167. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA •Established in 1973 The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer.

168. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA •Established in 1973 •Multi-center: 15 product oriented centers, 10 basic science centers, 14 regional centers, 3 labs in Brasília, 3 International Research Units ( Ghana, Panama and Venezuela), 4 The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s International Bussiness Ofﬁces ( USA, France, mission is to provide feasible Holland, Korea). solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer.

169. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA •Established in 1973 •Multi-center: 15 product oriented centers, 10 basic science centers, 14 regional centers, 3 labs in Brasília, 3 International Research Units ( Ghana, Panama and Venezuela), 4 The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s International Bussiness Ofﬁces ( USA, France, mission is to provide feasible Holland, Korea). solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology •Dedicated to development of solutions generation and transfer. for real life problems in agriculture

170. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA •Established in 1973 •Incorporation of the tropical savanna ( Cerrado) into productive agrobusiness •Multi-center: 15 product oriented centers, •Adaptation of soya to 14 regional centers, 10 basic science centers, Brazilian climate 3 labs in Brasília, 3 largest producer ==> world second International Research Units ( Ghana, Panama and Venezuela), 4 The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s •Fivefold multiplication of cattle in France, International Bussiness Ofﬁces ( USA,25 mission is to provide feasible years Holland, Korea). solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology •Dedicated to development of solutions 25 Chicken production multiplied by 25 in generation and transfer. for real life problems in agriculture years

171. Instituto de Física Teórica - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil CASE IV: EMBRAPA •Established in 1973 •Incorporation of the tropical savanna ( Cerrado) into productive agrobusiness •Multi-center: 15 product oriented centers, •Adaptation of soya to 14 regional centers, 10 basic science centers, Brazilian climate 3 labs in Brasília, 3 largest producer ==> world second International Research Units ( Ghana, Panama and Venezuela), 4 The Brazilian Agricultural R e s e a rc h C o r p o r a t i o n ' s •Fivefold multiplication of cattle in France, International Bussiness Ofﬁces ( USA,25 mission is to provide feasible years Holland, Korea). solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian a g ribusiness through knowledge and technology •Dedicated to development of solutions 25 Chicken production multiplied by 25 in generation and transfer. for real life problems in agriculture years

An informal introduction to the Brazilian science system

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An informal introduction to the Brazilian science system

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