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BY KUMAR ANAND RAJNKANT GEORGE MAHENDRA PRASAD Credit Requirement for women 09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Targeting women for credit programmes began to receive serious consideration at international women conference in Mexico City in 1975. In India this universal concern found recognition in the sixth plan (1980-85) </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Journey of women development in India <ul><li>Sixth five year plan (1980-85) “ welfare and development of women”, </li></ul><ul><li>Eighth plan (1992-97) formation of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh in 1993 to meet the credit need of poor and asset less women, </li></ul><ul><li>Ninth five year plan (1997-02) </li></ul><ul><li>- primary objective: </li></ul><ul><li>“ empowerment of women” </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Secondary objective: </li></ul><ul><li>“ convergence of exiting service” </li></ul><ul><li>• Tenth plan (2002-07) </li></ul><ul><li>“ empowering women as the agent of socio economic change and development” </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Women Population <ul><li>Indictors of women population and status in India </li></ul><ul><li>sources: “Yojana January 2005” pg:28 </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur. Year Particulars Population 1991 Total female population 407.1 million 1992 Total female population 495.7 million 1989-93 Life expectancy at birth 59.7 1996-01 Life expectancy at birth 65.7 1991 Sex ratio 927 2001 Sex ratio 933

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Major issue <ul><li>Gender discrimination, </li></ul><ul><li>Low level of education, </li></ul><ul><li>Work participation, </li></ul><ul><li>Poor nutritional status, </li></ul><ul><li>Violence against women and </li></ul><ul><li>Poor health etc </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Major Hurdle in Empowering Indian women 09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur. Poverty in India Less job opportunity and Low productivity Poor status Low income Vicious circle Of poverty

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Work force <ul><li>In unorganized sector women constitute 90% of total workers,(80% are engaged in agriculture and allied activities,10% in other activities) </li></ul><ul><li>unskilled worker 90% of rural and 70% urban women workers </li></ul><ul><li>- Mishra,1996 </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Work participation rates (%) 09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur. Census T/R/U Female male persons 1981 Total Rural Urban 19.7 23.1 8.3 52.6 53.8 49.1 36.7 38.8 30.0 1991 Total Rural Urban 22.3 26.8 9.2 51.6 52.6 48.9 37.5 40.1 30.2 2001 Total Rural Urban 25.7 31.0 11.6 51.9 52.4 50.9 39.3 42.0 32.2

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Empowerment though SHGs <ul><li>According to the Economic survey there are 26 lakh self-help group(SHGs) linked to banks as on 31 st Dec 2006. Most of the SHGs are women. They have been formed under the aegis on the government organization, NGO women movement and co-operatives </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Economic empowerment </li></ul><ul><li>The economic empowerment means greater access to financial resources inside and outside the household, reducing vulnerability of poor women to crisis situation like flood, riots, death and accident in the family and significant increase in women the power to retain income and use it at the discretion. It provide equal access and control over various resources at the household level. </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Why need credit for women <ul><li>Economic empowerment </li></ul><ul><li>entrepreneurship development : Through entrepreneurship development a women will not only generate income for herself but also generate employment for other women in the locality, this will have a multiplier effect in the generation of income and poverty alleviation </li></ul><ul><li>financial self reliance of women </li></ul><ul><li>significant increase in the women’s own income </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Social empowerment </li></ul><ul><li>equal status, participation and power of decision making of women household </li></ul><ul><li>equal status, participation and power of decision making of </li></ul><ul><li>women community and village </li></ul><ul><li>iii. Breaking social, culture and religious barriers to equal development of women </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Capacity building </li></ul><ul><li>Development of better leadership skills </li></ul><ul><li>Better awareness in health, education, environment etc. </li></ul><ul><li>Development better communication skill </li></ul><ul><li>Improved financial literacy </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>According to Susy Cheston of Opportunity International, a US-based organization that gives around 86 percent of its micro-credit loans to women Microfinance is good for women and women are good for microfinance . </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>Pioneering microfinance institutions (MFIs) have recognized that the twin goals of empowering women and developing poor communities are closely connected. The Nobel Prize-winning Grameen Bank, for example, gives around 96 percent of its micro-loans to women, while the UN estimates that around 76 percent of all microfinance clients globally are women. </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Contd… <ul><li>Studies have illustrated that women are more likely to use surplus money to care for the nutritional and health needs of their children, or invest in their children's education. This is called Multiplier effect. </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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<ul><li>“ In order awaken the people, it is women who has to be awaken. Once she is on the move, the household move, the village move, the country move and thus we build India of tomorrow” </li></ul><ul><li>-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru </li></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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References <ul><li>www.cgap.org </li></ul><ul><li>www.knowledge.allianz.com </li></ul><ul><li>Arundahi Chattopadhyay (2005), January 2005 “women and entrepreneurship” , Yojana January 2005 </li></ul><ul><li>www.nabad.org </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Karmakar K.G(1999), “Rural credit and self help group” Sage Publications, New Delhi </li></ul></ul></ul>09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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09/28/09 Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.