This presentation talks about how a modern day manager should conduct himself / herself in terms of people management .

1. The Universal Manager

2.  widespread Pervasive all encompassing
 total  Whole  Integral
Universal
 complete  absolute  utter  thorough
 unanimous undisputedacknowledged  unquestionable

3. Arrangement of this Presentation
[“Value” is the driving force ]
 Education (‘Educare’)
 Manager (‘Human Values’)
 Business (‘Value’ based)
 IIA Code of Ethics

4. Value based Education

5. * SECULAR # ‘ EDUCARE’ –
EDUCATION TRUE EDUCATION
 Collection of facts &  Deep understanding &
knowledge assimilation of knowledge
 Earning degree for
livelihood  Life
 Getting & forgetting  Giving & forgiving
 Establish ‘rights’  Discharge responsibility to
society
 Not visible  Self confidence
 Learn self-sacrifice
 Self discovery
 Spiritual uplift

6. EDUCATION EDUCARE
Taste less Sugar
water (Divinity)
Stirring TUMBLER
Process Spoon
(Enquiry) (Heart)
(Intelligence)
Sweetened Water
(all pervasive divinity)
TRUE WISDOM
(Unity of all creation)
(This recognition of Unity in multiplicity is the ultimate goal of education)

7. Proceed from
Superficial Knowledge
To
General Knowledge
To
Discrimination Knowledge
To
Changeless Practical Knowledge
(This is ‘WISDOM’)
[where in heart is filled with compassion, becomes
sacred and aspires for the welfare of one and all.]

8. Value based Manager

9. ROLES THAT A MAN PLAYS
Husband
Son
Wholesome Personality
Complete Man
Citizen Manager
Integrated Personality

10. Universal Manager
M - Mind of Man
A - Awareness of “Atma”
N - Nature of Nation
A - Aspects of Environment
G - Guidelines of Goodness
E - Enquiry of Ethos
R - Role of Rules

11. “M”
Mind of Man
As distinct from animal mind, devil mind, evil mind
Conglomeration of thoughts  induce actions 
results are joys & sorrows
What types of thoughts and deeds should man develop?
Human qualities – Truth, love, patience, sacrifice,
compassion etc.
Unity of thoughts / words / deeds

12. Synchronisation
Without these ‘Values’ With these ‘Values’
Thought
Thought
Deed
Word Word Deed

13. “A”
Awareness of ‘Atma’
Awareness is ‘Atma’ and ‘Atma’ is awareness
One says ‘there is a snake’ - it means he has said it with
‘full’ awareness. There is no doubt whether it is a
snake or a rope.
‘NARAHA’ (man)
 NA-RAHA (No destruction) [that which cannot be
destroyed]
( Recognising of the all pervasive ‘Atma’ is awareness)

14. 3 ASPECTS OF “SELF’ CONCEPT
BODY * What you think you are -> Body Personality
MIND * What others think you are -> Individualized Self
SOUL * What you really are -> Universal Soul
‘Atma’ Principle

15. BODY, MIND & SOUL
MIND - (nearer to SOUL -Controlled by ‘Intellect’)
Meeting Point
of Body, Mind
4 ………………………………………. ______________________________ & Soul -Merge
……………………………………….
Towards Intellectual Thinking
………………………………………. ______________________________ with Paramatma
………………………………………. ______________________________
……………………………………….
3 ………………………………………. ______________________________
(Soul Searching)
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
______________________________ SOUL
………………………………………. ______________________________
……………………………………….
2 ……………………………………….
______________________________
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______________________________ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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1 ______________________________
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______________________________ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
______________________________ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
0 ______________________________
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1 2 3 4
BODY MIND (Nearer to BODY- dictated by ‘Senses’)

16. “N”
Nature of Nations
Each country has its own nature
Nature of Nation should be reflected in the Business
relationship
Speak truth, follow the path of ‘Dharma’
(Righteousness), live with integrity & morality
From where can we get this kind of nature?
 M..A..N. (combination of Mind, Atma & Body)

17. “E”
Aspects of Environment
Environment concerning man (Political, Spiritual or
Physical)
Environment related to Business and its activities
Environment suited to man and which fosters human
nature - ie. good company. (Absence of this, man will
become an animal / demon)

18. “G”
Guidelines of Goodness
Pure feelings should come from our hearts as guidelines
(ie. conscience)
“Conscience” is God. (Atma) - ‘SWABHAVA’ (Natural
Feeling)-- ‘SWA’ - means Atma .
Enquiry into origin of ‘Conscience’ leads to
‘consciousness’ (conscience is with in oneself while
consciousness is everywhere)
Whatever feelings we get, if we discriminate between
good & bad, right & wrong and then follow it that itself
becomes goodness.

19. Essence & Nature
Human Values Watch Your of Human Beings
(sheaths)
Truth Word
(Satya) Intellect
(Sense of discrimination)
Righteousness
(Dharma) Act Physical (Body)
Peace Thought Emotion (Mind)
(Shanti)
Love Character Psychic
(Prema) (Energy / Breath)
Non-Violation Heart Spiritual
(Ahimsa)
(Divine ego)

20. “E”
Enquiry of Ethos
Ethos - has come from ‘ITIHASA’ (History)
History of those noble men - who followed morality &
truth without giving up integrity
Chatrapati Shivaji - did not have any want - financial,
physical, spiritual why did he follow ‘Samartha’
Ramadoss ?
By following people of integrity & ideal, their qualities
are reflected in our lives.

21. “R”
Roles of Rules
Without violating, changing, manipulating or creating
any conflicts in conscience, rules should be followed
Recognise the course for any change in environment (If
we change quality of materials, market changes)

22. Who is an “UNIVERSAL MANAGER” ?
Person who understands the essence of these seven
principles becomes an “Universal Manager”
FOUNDATION
Enquiry—Practice---Experience

23. LET’S SEE
WHAT THE GREAT TAMIL POET
THIRUVALLUVAR
HAS SAID ABOUT
THE QUALITIES OF A MANAGER

24. MANAGERS SHOULD
 RESPECT THE LEADERSHIP
 HAVE HIGH / EXCELLENT THINKING
 BE A GOOD MINISTER OR ADVISER
 BE EFFECTIVE IN EXECUTING THE PLAN
 HAVE PERSEVERANCE (STEADFASTNESS OF
PURPOSE)
 FINISH THE TASK UNDERTAKEN
 BE GOOD AT DELEGATING (ACT OF ENTRUSTING
POWER)

25. Managers’ quality of “respecting” the leadership
இளையர் இனமுளையர் என்று இகழார் நின்ை
ஒைி யயா டு ஓழுகப்படும் மன்னளைச் யேர்ந்து ஓழுகல்
ேிலர் எம்ளமக் காட்டிலும் இளையர் என்றும் எமக்கு இன்ன
முளையிளன உளையரைன்றும் அவமதியாது அவைது
நிளலக்குப் ரபாருந்த ஒழுகயவண்டும்
“The follower should behave and act in such a way that no
disrespect is shown to the ‘leader’, because he is younger or
he is related”

26. Managers’ quality of “respecting” the leadership
“Doing things which are not within one’s authority because
the leader is a close friend / associate will bring only bad and
worthless results”

27. Manager should have “high” thinking
Always one should think “high”. Even if he is not able to
achieve this excellence, the ‘very thought’ will be considered
equivalent to the achievement one could have got by putting
all his efforts.

28. Manager should be a good “minister”
-«¨ÁîÍ
Definition of a ‘minister’ or an ‘adviser’:
“One who analyses the work well, does the same with an aim to
complete it and also when in doubt, has boldness in talking”.

29. Manager’s ability to execute the plan
“It is easy for a person to tell in an orderly manner what he
will do and how he will do. But it is difficult for everybody to
carry out the same in that order”.

30. “Perseverance” – an important quality for the Manager
“Even if one’s endeavour did not yield the desired results due
to some destiny, the strain & stress put in by him in that effort
will certainly pay him back. That will not go waste.”

31. Managers ability to finish the task that he has undertaken
“Having started the work, seeing that through until the end is
considered braveness. If one quits in the middle, it will bring
unhappiness.”

32. Manager’s delegating ability
“After analysing well that “this person can only complete this
job in this manner” and also after making sure that all these
‘three’ elements coexist , then the work should be entrusted to
that person.”

33. Manager’s delegating ability
“If one analyses and decides that ‘he’ is the right person who
could do his job, then that person (who decides to entrust the
work) should make (help) the other person raise to that
perfection.”

34. Manager’s delegating ability
“It is wise to leave the work to that person who has these four
qualities viz., love, knowledge, desirelessness, and
unperturbed /unagitated mental attitude.”

35. Manager’s delegating ability
“It is not appropriate to entrust a job to a person because he is
a ‘lovable’ person, but he should be one who is capable of
withstanding all odds and also understanding as to how to go
about doing that job.”

36. Value based
Business / Management

37. Value based Business
The life breaths of business
The Human element
 Attitude based costing (ABC)
 Business - Process reengineering (BPR)
(Self reform before business reform)
 ‘Creative’ market
 International Marketing
(Avoid ‘shady’ deeds)
 Total Quality Management
(Mental quality before material quality)

38. ‘Attitude’ based Costing
 Manufacturers should not adopt questionable means in the
manufacturing process to enhance profit.
 It is not proper to sacrifice consumer interests for the sake of
profit maximisation
 Cost should be reduced without compromising on quality
 Business should be based on the principle of fair exchange
 Part with fair amount and get worthy product
[ If a devotee offers an unconditional / pure and
steady love, “God” will also bestow full
grace]

39. Business Process Re-engineering
(“Self reform” before business reform)
It is not possible to reform anything without first
reforming one’s own self
‘Veda’ is the source of business, education,
employment, cultivation etc.

40. ‘Creative’ Marketing
“Create” Market for products / services which are
not in existence so far
‘Indigenisation efforts’ should be taken
‘Human element’ predominant in creative marketing

41. What is a ‘Market’?
 ‘Market’ is one which provides to the
customers all their requirements.
 Man (Customer) needs air for survival and
wherever he goes it is made available.
 The Almighty God (Business owner) who is
‘omnipresent’ arranges for it.

42. ‘International Marketing’
Foreign exchange transactions will have to be
managed with a great deal of prudence
Shady deals will have to be shunned at all costs and in all
circumstances.
Intermediaries (middle men) change the complexion
of marketing by questionable practices. Their influence
should be reduced.

43. ‘Total Quality Management’
Give importance to ‘mental’ quality besides
material quality
Mental quality ensures material quality as everything
around is the reflection of the mind
Manager should not confine himself to air-
conditioned office. He should cultivate the art of
managing by walking around (MBWA)
Manager should internalise the formula: “Be good,
Do good & Tell good.”
Managers should have compassion and forgiveness

44. A Business Organistion
is to be treated as a
TEMPLE
where in the entire work force
by means of sincere work
offers worship to
GOD

45. ‘Learn from the “The Limited Company” called ‘MAN’
‘MAN’ is a Limited Company
(In the body, there is a limit for everything)
 ‘Buddhi’ (Intellect) is the Managing Director
 ‘Mind’ is the Manager
 They ‘communicate’ well with every part of the body
(ie. proper understanding)
 Any disequilibrium in the balancing act of body, life
will be thrown out of gear. (Cycling, Walking,
Speaking etc)

46. ‘Learn from the “The Limited Company” called ‘MAN’
 Workers are like organs of a body & the proprietor,the heart
 If there is no heart, the organs cannot function
 Link between heart & organs is the blood
 Blood passes through the lungs (Managers) & finally to the
heart (proprietor)
 Lack of co-ordination leads to numbness in
the body (Organisation)

47. ON BUSINESS ETHICS

48. “ARTHASASTRA”
“The fundamental principle of economic
activity
is that no man you transact with will
lose,
then you shall not”

49. (In business, if one safeguards others’ ‘goods’ as his own goods
and conducts his business, then this will be considered as a
good business.)

50. ‘Business & Ethics’
Develop & foster purity of heart -
Daiva Preethi’ (Love for God) &
‘Paapa bheeti’ (Fear of sin)
 Business men, Lawyers, Doctors’ Judges,
Administrators, Politicians & Teachers
[should conduct themselves according to the code]

51. ‘Work Ethics’ - Duty to God
(Need for understanding Indian Culture & values and
integrating them in the study of management)
Culture:
 Anything that is processed is called cultured. Process
by which you transform an object from raw form to a
particular form, which is useful & has a value
Balanced Business:
 Entire life is based on balance. Foster and develop this
balance properly

52. Value based guiding principles of Management
Practice ‘oneness’ while working - Regard work as
Divine - then work will be transformed into worship
‘Information’ should lead to ‘transformation’
Practice everything you expect others to implement in
their work
Past is past, future is not certain, present is not ordinary
present but ‘omnipresent’, use it well. (Past & Future
are akin to a ‘tree’ and present is to a ‘seed’)
Essence of all values is ‘love’. Love everybody
Character is very important for managerial excellence.

53. ‘Knowledge - Skills - Balance’
 Transform “Knowledge” into “Skill”
 When there is a proper balance, our vision
turns inward. (Misused / wrongly used
knowledge means ‘killing’ the knowledge and
causing imbalance)

54. Our Values and Beliefs
• Adhere to ethical norms in all dealings with
shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers,
financial institutions and government.
• Provide value for money to customers through quality
products and services.
• Treat our people with respect and concern; provide
opportunities to learn, contribute and advance;
recognise and reward initiatives; innovativeness and
creativity.

55. Maintain
- An organisational climate conducive to trust, open
communication and team spirit.
- A style of operations befitting our size, but
reflecting moderation and humility.
• Manage environment effectively for harnessing
opportunities.
• Discharge responsibilities to various sections of
society and preserve environment.
• Grow in an accelerated manner, consistent with
values and beliefs, by continuous organisation
renewal.

56. PERSPECTIVE ON
ETHICS

57. IIA CODE OF ETHICS
[A document that is heavily tested.]
• These ethical obligations are important not
only to internal auditors but also to all
professionals both personally and
professionally.
• Objectivity, integrity, confidential and
disinterested use and protection of
information and competence.

58. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
1. Definitions
 Business ethics - an organisation’s policies and
standards established to assure certain kinds of
behavior by its members
 Individual ethics - moral principles and standards of
conduct adhered to by an individual
2. Areas of Concern Regarding Business Ethics
 General business understanding of ethical issues
 Compliance with laws
 Conflicts of interest

59. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
 Entertainment and gift expenses
 Relations with customers and suppliers (should gifts
or kickbacks be given or accepted?)
 Social responsibilities
3. Factors that may lead to unethical behavior
 In any normal population, some people have less than
desirable levels of ethics. If these people hold
leadership positions, they may adversely influence
subordinates.

60. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
 Organisational factors
Pressures to improve short-run performance may
promote unethical behavior
Emphasis on strict adherence to chain of
command
authority may provide excuses for ignoring ethics
when following orders.
Informal work-group loyalties may subvert ethical
behavior
Committee decision processes may make it
possible

61. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
 External factors
Pressure of competition may compromise ethics in
the interest of survival.
Wrongful behavior of others may force a
compromise of ethics
Definitions of ethical behavior may vary from one
culture to another. For instance, bribes to overseas
officials or buyers may be consistent with some
countries’ customary business practices

62. ‘A. Perspective on Ethics’
 General Guides to Ethics
Golden Rule - Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you.
Maximise good - Act to provide the greatest good for the
greatest number
Fairness - Act in ways that are fair or just to all
concerned.
Maximise long-run outcomes - Act to provide the best
long-range benefits to society and its resources
General respect - Act to respect the planet and the rights
of

63. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
 Simplified Criteria for Evaluating Ethical Behavior
“Would this behavior be acceptable if people I respect
knew I was doing this?”
“what are the consequences of this behavior for myself,
other employees, customers, society?”
 Ethics are individual and personal, influenced by
Life experiences (rewards for doing right, punishment for
wrong)
Friendship groups (professional associations, informal
groups)
Organisational pressures (responsibilities to superiors and
the organisation)

64. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
 Codes of Ethical Conduct
An organisation’s code of ethical conduct is the
established general value system the organistion wishes
to apply to its members’ activities by
Communicating organistional purposes and beliefs
Establishing uniform ethical guidelines for
members
[Including guidance on behavior for members in
making decisions]
Because laws and specific rules cannot cover all
situations, organisations benefit from having an
established ethical code.

65. ‘Perspective on Ethics’
The code,
 Effectively communicates acceptable values to all members
[including recruits and subcontractors]
 Provides a method of policing and disciplining members for
violations,
through formal review panels
through group pressure (informal)
 Establishes high standards against which individuals can
measure their own performance
 Communicates to those outside the organisation the value
system from which its members must not be asked to
deviate

66. ‘On Ethics’
 Ethical dilemma of a Manager- Law will be silent!
Eg:
 Take a favour from one’s dealer to get your child
admitted to a good school?
 Use your office service provider to set up your home
computer / cooling system?
 Are you making off with company funds, if your
travel agent can exchange your entitlement to a
business class ticket in such a way that you and your
spouse can travel together by paying economy fare?

67. ‘On Ethics’...
 if the decision does not entail a monetary loss for the
organisation, then is it okay?
 Company may not lose money, but a bad precedent is set!
 The integrity of records has been tampered with. (It is the
first wrong step that is most critical on most occasions)
 Each organisation must find adequate answers &
develop common policies
 Creating a definite cultural norms which can be
translatable in practice. (culture is what one does in
the open)

68. ‘On Ethics’...
 Rules for exceptions:
 Seeking exception must not be made easy
 Sanction at a very high level
 Criterion of transparency
 Exceptions should not break the law of the land
 No exceptions should tamper with the integrity of records
[Thus achieve : Uniformity & Fairness]
 Business ethics works best when you are
happy, comfortable & content to be in a fish
bowl.

69. ‘Manager to take the lead!
 opportunities for exercising leadership!
Eg: trivial, but demonstrative exercise in leadership
has quite an impact down the line
 Misuse of office stationery
 Office punctuality
 personal calls on the company paid phones
 Bigger you are the harder you fall!
(those in high levels of market respectability should be
more clearer than those around them. Transparency
& integrity)

70. ‘On Ethics’...
 Rule of thumb
imagine what it would be like if the act you are
contemplating were to appear as ‘headline news in
the morning papers!
Would you be able to face the work? Your
friends? Your subordinates? Your colleagues?
Your family?
If you can, then go ahead, if you cannot
stop right there!

71. THANK YOU
This presentation is a service in “Love”. I
humbly surrender “ THE fruits of this
endeavour” to ‘Sri Sathya Sai’ who is the true
author of all these teachings and the driving
force in my life.