Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
IB Biology 5.1 communites and ecosystems
1. 5.1: Communities and Ecosystems
IB Biology
Topic 5: Ecology and evolution
Scien
cebitz.
com
2. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
3. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
4. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
5. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
6. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
7. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
8. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
9. Species
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
A group of
organisms that
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring.
Different genus
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
10. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
11. Habitat
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
12. Habitat
The environment in
which a species
normally lives or
the location of a
living organism
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
13. Habitat
The environment in
which a species
normally lives or
the location of a
living organism
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
14. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
15. Population
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
16. Population
A group of organisms
of the same species
living in the same
area at the same time,
and which are capable
of interbreeding
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
17. Population
A group of organisms
of the same species
living in the same
area at the same time,
and which are capable
of interbreeding
Elephants in Kakouma NP,
Chad.
Population about 3500
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
18. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
19. Community
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
20. Community
A group of
populations living and
interacting with each
other in a common
habitat
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
21. Community
A group of
populations living and
interacting with each
other in a common
habitat
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
22. Community
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
23. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
24. Ecosystem
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
25. Ecosystem
a community and its
abiotic environment.
Biotic Factors
Producers
Consumers
Detrivores
Decomposers
Interactions
Competitors
Parasites
Pathogens
Symbionts
Predators
Herbivores
Atmosphere
Wind speed
Humidity
Light intensity
Precipitation
Temperature
Water
ph and salinity
Dissolved Nutrients
Dissolved Oxygen
Disolved nutrients
Soil
Available nutrients
Moisture
pH
Structure
Temperature
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
26. Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
27. Ecology
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
28. Ecology
the study of
relationships between
living organisms and
between organisms
and their environment.
Biotic Factors
Producers
Consumers
Detrivores
Decomposers
Interactions
Competitors
Parasites
Pathogens
Symbionts
Predators
Herbivores
Atmosphere
Wind speed
Humidity
Light intensity
Precipitation
Temperature
Water
ph and salinity
Dissolved Nutrients
Dissolved Oxygen
Disolved nutrients
Soil
Available nutrients
Moisture
pH
Structure
Temperature
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.1: Species, , Habitat, Population, Community,
Ecosystem and Ecology
Scien
cebitz.
com
30. It is possible to classify the way organisms obtain energy into
two categories.
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.2:Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
31. It is possible to classify the way organisms obtain energy into
two categories.
Producers or Autotrophs: These manufacture their own
food from simple inorganic substances (plants)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.2:Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
32. It is possible to classify the way organisms obtain energy into
two categories.
Producers or Autotrophs: These manufacture their own
food from simple inorganic substances (plants)
Consumers or Heterotrophs: Feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs to
obtain energy
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.2:Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
33. It is possible to classify the way organisms obtain energy into
two categories.
Producers or Autotrophs: These manufacture their own
food from simple inorganic substances (plants)
Consumers or Heterotrophs: Feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs to
obtain energy
But within the consumers their is a feeding hierarchy of feeding
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.2:Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
35. Consumers: an organism that ingests other organic matter
that is living or recently killed.
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.3: Consumers, Detrivores and Saprotrophs
36. Consumers: an organism that ingests other organic matter
that is living or recently killed.
Detrivores: an organism that ingests non-living organic matter.
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.3: Consumers, Detrivores and Saprotrophs
37. Consumers: an organism that ingests other organic matter
that is living or recently killed.
Detrivores: an organism that ingests non-living organic matter.
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.3: Consumers, Detrivores and Saprotrophs
Saprotrophs: an organism that lives on or in non- living organic matter,
secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion.
38. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
39. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
40. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
41. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers)
Trophic level 3 - carnivore (secondary consumers)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
42. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers)
Trophic level 3 - carnivore (secondary consumers)
Trophic level 4 - carnivore (tertiary consumer)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
43. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers)
Trophic level 3 - carnivore (secondary consumers)
Trophic level 4 - carnivore (tertiary consumer)
The first trophic level, the autotrophs supports the
energy requirements of all the other trophic levels
above.
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
44. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose,
herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different
feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe)
Trophic level 1 - producer
Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers)
Trophic level 3 - carnivore (secondary consumers)
Trophic level 4 - carnivore (tertiary consumer)
The first trophic level, the autotrophs supports the
energy requirements of all the other trophic levels
above.
Trophic level 1
Trophic level 2
Trophic level 3
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
47. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
48. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
The energy flow in the ecosystem
can be illustrated as a Food chain.
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
49. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
The energy flow in the ecosystem
can be illustrated as a Food chain.
The arrows show the direction
that energy flows
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
50. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
The energy flow in the ecosystem
can be illustrated as a Food chain.
The arrows show the direction
that energy flows
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
51. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
The energy flow in the ecosystem
can be illustrated as a Food chain.
The arrows show the direction
that energy flows
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
52. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of
feeding relationships .
The energy flow in the ecosystem
can be illustrated as a Food chain.
The arrows show the direction
that energy flows
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
54. Food chains are an
oversimplification
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
55. Food chains are an
oversimplification
They only show direct feeding
relationships within one
hierarchy
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
56. Food chains are an
oversimplification
They only show direct feeding
relationships within one
hierarchy
Some organisms can be at
different trophic levels in
different food chains
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
57. Food chains are an
oversimplification
They only show direct feeding
relationships within one
hierarchy
Some organisms can be at
different trophic levels in
different food chains
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
59. Some organisms appear in more
than one food chains
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
60. Some organisms can be at
different trophic levels in
different food chains
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
62. The reality is that there is
a complex network of
interrelated food chains
which create a food web
Simplified Boreal Forest Food Web
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.4-6:Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
65. The starting point of all energy in ecosystems is the
sun.
The big idea
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
66. The starting point of all energy in ecosystems is the
sun.
But only organisms which photosynthesize can obtain
energy directly from the sun.
The big idea
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
67. The starting point of all energy in ecosystems is the
sun.
But only organisms which photosynthesize can obtain
energy directly from the sun.
All other organisms obtain energy by eating
The big idea
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
70. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
71. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose
Herbivores eat plants
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
72. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat herbivores
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
73. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat herbivores
This creates different feeding levels or Trophic levels
(Greek for food is trophe)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
75. Food chains contain both
transfers and
transformations
Solar energy (light) is
transformed into stored
chemical energy by
photosynthesis
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
76. This transformation is
not very efficient. Only
about 2% of the solar
energy is converted to
sugars (chemical store of
energy)
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
77. This transformation is
not very efficient. Only
about 2% of the solar
energy is converted to
sugars (chemical store of
energy)
Light energy
from the sun
2% converted
to sugars
98% used during
photosynthesis
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
79. When the zebra eats grass
matter is transferred. Not all
the available matter is
transferred. E.g. Fibre
To make use of the stored
energy, respiration has to
transform the matter to
energy. The total efficiency is
only about 10%.
Transfer of
material
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
80. When the zebra eats grass
matter is transferred. Not all
the available matter is
transferred. E.g. Fibre
To make use of the stored
energy, respiration has to
transform the matter to
energy. The total efficiency is
only about 10%.
Transfer of
material
Some passes
straight through
Some gets transformed straight
to usable energy and lost as heat
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
81. The transfers and
transformations carry
on up the food chain with
less energy and material
being passed from one
level to the next
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
82. The transfers and
transformations carry
on up the food chain with
less energy and material
being passed from one
level to the next
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems
83. Because of the
inefficiency of energy
transfer food chains are
rarely longer than four
connections
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Trophic Level 1
Trophic Level 3
Trophic Level 4
Trophic Level 2
Dandelion
Banded snail
House Sparrow
Sparrow Hawk
Scien
cebitz.
com
Topic 5.1: Communities and
Ecosystems
5.1.9-11: Energy in Ecosystems