1. Library Training
Economics 214
PeplerHead
FacultyLibrarian:EconomicandManagementSciences
peplerh@sun.ac.za

2. In this session we’ll be looking at
Effective searching
Referencing - distinguishing between sources
Plagiarism
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3. Step 1: Identify your keywords
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Write down your topic:
Does economic growth make the rich richer, and the poor
poorer?
Main Concepts:
economic growth
Inequality
Income inequality

4. Step 2: Identify Synonyms
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Economic growth inequality
Income inequality
Does economic growth make the rich richer, and the
poor poorer?

5. Step 3: Combine Keywords
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Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT
AND – returns results with both keywords
OR – returns results with one or the other keyword
NOT – returns results excluding specific keywords

6. Step 3: Combine Keywords
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Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT

7. Step 3: Combine Keywords
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Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT
Quotation Marks “ ” – keep keywords together, for
exact phrase searching
Brackets ( ) – keep concepts together, used for
synonyms

8. Step 3: Combine Keywords
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Search phrase:
“economic growth” AND (inequality
OR “income inequality”)

9. 9
Distinguishing between sources
Book Journal Article
Report

10. 10
Book
A published work on a specific topic,
usually contains chapters. Can be
hardcopy or electronic. Written by a
specific person (author), or under an
editor. It will have:
• Publisher
• Place of publication
• Year
• ISBN

11. 11
Book - Example
Search the library Catalogue for book on
Development Economics

12. 12
Book Chapter
Be careful of chapter in books that you
find electronically
Example:
Reflexivity and Development Economics
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230250598_
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13. 13
Academic Journal
A periodical or serial publication in
which information on a specific topic
is published in article format. It can
be electronic or hard copy. It will
have:
• Title
• Publisher
• Year
• Volume number
• Issue number
• ISSN

14. 14
Journal - Example
Search the African Finance Journal

15. 15
Academic Article
Topic specific information within an
academic discipline, published in a
Journal. It can be electronic or hard
copy. It will have:
• Source Title References
• Article title
• Abstract
• Year
• Volume number
• Issue number
• Page number

16. 16
Article - Example
Cashel-Cordo, P. and Craig, S.G., 1990. The public
sector impact of international resource
transfers. Journal of Development Economics, 32(1),
pp.17-42.

17. 17
Report
A document that presents
information in an organized format
for a specific audience and purpose,
reporting something that has been
observed, done or investigated. Can
be annual or once off. It will have
• Report title
• Author
• Corporate body/Company
• Year

18. 18
Report - Example
World Health Statistics 2018:
Monitoring Health For the SDG’s

19. 19
Databases – what is it?
A database is an electronic index to journal or
magazine articles, containing citations, abstracts
and often either the full text of the articles, or links
to the full text.
It allows you to search for information using:
Keywords
Titles
Authors
Subjects

20. Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the theft and use of the ideas, material and
other intellectual property of others that are passed off as
one’s own
This can take multiple forms
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OBVIOUS FORMS:
Buying / borrowing a paper and
copying it
Hiring somebody to write for you
Cutting and pasting text
Direct translations
Citing sources you didn’t use
LESS OBVIOUS FORMS:
Not giving proper credit
Not referencing images, etc.
Improper paraphrasing
Failing to give a proper reference
Not acknowledging outsourcing (eg.
Data)

21. Plagiarism - Examples
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In 2016, Melania
Trump used
parts of a 2008
speech by
Michelle Obama
at her
Republican
National
Convention
speech

22. Plagiarism - Examples
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JK Rowling has also been
accused of stealing
plotlines from various
stories to write Harry
Potter

23. Spot the plagiarism
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Is this plagiarism?
Timmer asserts that the fundamental role of prices in
a market economy is to serve as signals for
allocating both consumption and investment
resources (Timmer, 2002: 1507). This is important,
because of the…

24. Spot the plagiarism
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Is this plagiarism?
Timmer asserts that the fundamental role of prices
in a market economy is to serve as signals for
allocating both consumption and investment
resources (Timmer, 2002: 1507). This is important,
because of the…
Different font, so copied and pasted
No quotation marks
Reference in wrong place

25. Spot the plagiarism
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Is this plagiarism?
Dorward comments that even the impoverished are not likely
to gain much directly as self-employed producers of trade
agricultural assets, with restricted access to land and capital
and relatively low farm earnings (2004: 4).
Even here the poor are unlikely to gain much directly as self-
employed producers of tradable agricultural commodities,
with limited access to land and capital and relatively low on-
farm incomes – original text

26. Spot the plagiarism
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Is this plagiarism?
Dorward comments that even the impoverished are not likely
to gain much directly as self-employed producers of trade
agricultural assets, with restricted access to land and capital
and relatively low farm earnings (2004: 4).
Even here the poor are unlikely to gain much directly as self-
employed producers of tradable agricultural commodities,
with limited access to land and capital and relatively low on-
farm incomes – original text

27. Spot the plagiarism
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Is this plagiarism?
“In his 1991 review, Sherman Robinson highlights the
theoretical tension between the neoclassical paradigm and
AGE models with financial behaviour” (Hertel, 2002: 1376).

28. Referencing
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Know the Referencing Style that you are using
Make sure what you are referencing, different material types
are displayed differently in the bibliography
Makes sure that your in-text citations match your bibliography
Most important, be CONSISTENT

29. Referencing - Help
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30. Referencing - Help
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31. Referencing - Help
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32. Research help
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33. Research help
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34. Research help
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35. Thank you
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Email: peplerh@sun.ac.za