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cell


Cytoplasm          Nucleus
message
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
Coding
           region

Promoter
region




           mRNA     Termination
                    sequence
mRNA
mRNA
A=red
                    G=orange
                    C=Blue
                    T=yellow
                    U=Green




             mRNA
RNA
Polymerase
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
       G=orange
       C=Blue
       T=yellow
       U=Green




mRNA
A=red
                                        G=orange
                                        C=Blue
                                        T=yellow
                                        U=Green




                         Nuclear pore


                  mRNA

Translated mRNA
mRNA




Cytoplasm
Nuclear
pore
ribosome
           mRNA
Start
codon
Ribosome
serine


Threonine
serine


             Threonine
Anticodons
                tRNA
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine


Peptide bond
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
ATP
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine


 Histidine
Valine
Valine
Valine
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Stop
    codon
d
d
Stop




d
Stop




d
Stop




d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop

d
Stop

d
Stop

d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Polypeptide chain




Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
Stop


d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Completed
    Protein




d
Summary
                             Summary
The cell receives a message that tells it to make a protein. So the DNA within the cell
unwinds, and begins to make strands of mRNA. Then the mRNA is transcribed by
RNA polymerase, and give it codon pairs. Whenever it is finished, it leaves the cells
nucleus via nuclear pore. It has now entered the cytoplasm. A ribosome approaches
and attaches itself to a single strand of mRNA, and begins reading (translating) the
mRNA to make the amino acids necessary to make a protein. When the ribosome
reaches the stop codon on the mRNA, it forms a polypeptide chain. The Polypeptide
chain then compresses itself and forms the need protein. The protein then leaves to
carry out it’s designated duties.

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