1. Confidential - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.1
Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.
Как мы сделали PHP 7 в два раза быстрее.
Дмитрий Стогов
HighLoad++ 2016, Москва
Principal Engineer at Zend Technologies

2. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.2
Кто Я?
●
Познакомился с программированием в 1984
●
Работаю в ИТ с 1991
●
Первое знакомство с PHP в 2002
●
Автор Turck MMCache для PHP (eAccelerator)
●
Работаю в Zend Technologies с 2004
●
Сейчас ведущий инженер
●
Автор ext/soap и pecl/perl
●
Один из ведущих разработчиков Open Source PHP
●
Майнтейнер Zend OPcache
●
Лидер проекта PHPNG, легшего в основу PHP 7
●
Лидер разработки JIT для PHP

3. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.3
PHP – Personal Home Page
●
Инструмент для создания персональных веб-страниц
●
Первый релиз PHP/FI 2.0 от Rasmus Lerdorf 8 июня 1995
●
В 1998 Andi Gutmans и Zeev Suraski выпустили PHP 3
●
PHP 4, основанный на Zend Engine, вышел в 2000
●
PHP 5 с переработанной ООП моделью вышел в 2004
●
ZendFramework в 2007
●
Сегодня более 70% сайтов интернета используют PHP
●
C 2010 Facebook работает над альтернативной реализацией – HHVM
●
В декабре 2015 вышел PHP 7
●
В ноябре 2016 должен выйти PHP 7.1

4. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.4
Производительность PHP на синтетических тестах
4.4
5.0 - Jul 2004
5.1 - Nov 2005
5.2 - Nov 2006
5.3 - Nov 2009
5.4 - Mar 2012
5.5 - Jun 2013
5.6 - Aug 2014
7.0 - Dec 2015
7.1 - Oct 2016
HHVM-3.15.2
12.68
12.54
4.68
4.20
2.91
2.18
2.03
1.92
0.78
0.50
0.38
bench.php [sec] (чем меньше, тем лучше)
sec
PHP-7.1 еще на треть быстрее PHP-7.0, но все еще медленнее HHVM (на тестах!)

5. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.5
Производительность PHP на реальных приложениях
4.4
5.0 - Jul 2004
5.1 - Nov 2005
5.2 - Nov 2006
5.3 - Nov 2009
5.4 - Mar 2012
5.5 - Jun 2013
5.6 - Aug 2014
7.0 - Dec 2015
7.1 - Oct 2016
HHVM-3.15.2
62
58
64
77
86
105
108
114
298
321
313
WordPress-3.6 Home Page [req/sec] (чем больше, тем лучше)
sec

6. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.6
Блуждание в трех соснах (около JIT)
●
Почти два года потрачено на прототип JIT для PHP-5.5
●
Ускорение для bench.php в 10 раз
●
Ускорения для Wordpress нет (при компиляции в несколько минут)
Выводы:
●
Хороший код возможен при правильном предсказании типов
●
Предсказание типов в реальных приложениях работает плохо
●
Использование совместимых с PHP структур данных делает
генерируемый код неэффективным

7. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.7
Что же тормозит? (WordPress/PHP 5.6)

8. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.8
PHPNG (New Generation)
●
Проект получил свое развитие после попыток создания JIT для PHP
●
Рефакторинг (никаких нововведений, 100% совместимость с PHP 5)
●
Основная цель — достичь нового уровня производительности и
заложить базу для будущих улучшений
●
Отделился от основной ветки PHP в январе 2014
●
Две недели ушло на то, чтобы просто скомпилировать ядро
●
Еще через две недели заработал bench.php
●
Полтора месяца для обеспечения совместимости с Wordpress
●
Еще через месяц (к 9 Мая) мы открыли проект
●
В августе 2014 принят как основа для будущего PHP 7

9. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.9
PHP 7.0
●
Было решено выпускать PHP 7 после PHP 5, пропустив PHP 6
●
GA релиз состоялся в декабре 2015
●
Сейчас доступен PHP-7.0.7
●
Возможность определять скалярные типы аргументов функций и
возвращаемых значений
●
Исключения вместо фатальных ошибок
●
Анонимные классы
●
Zero-cost assert()
●
Новые операторы и функции (<=>, ??)
●
Чистка неконсистентностей

10. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.10
zval (PHP 5)
typedef struct _zval_struct {
union {
long lval;
double dval;
struct {
char *val;
Int len;
} str;
HashTable *ht;
struct {
zend_object_handle handle;
zend_object_handlers *handlers;
} obj;
} value;
zend_uint refcount;
zend_uchar type;
zend_uchar is_ref;
} zval;
sizeof(zval) == 24
$a = 1; $b = $a; $c = «hello»; $d = $c;
$b
$c
$a
$d
VM STACK (pointers to zvals) HEAP
string( ), rc=2
int(1), rc=2
«hello»
● read type - 2 CPU instructions
● read int value - 2 CPU instructions
● read string value - 3 CPU instructions

11. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.11
zval (PHP 5 PHP 7)→
typedef struct _zval_struct {
union {
long lval;
double dval;
struct {
char *val;
int len;
} str;
HashTable *ht;
struct {
zend_object_handle handle;
zend_object_handlers *handlers;
} obj;
} value;
zend_uint refcount;
zend_uchar type;
zend_uchar is_ref;
} zval;
sizeof(zval) == 24
typedef struct _zval_struct {
union {
zend_long lval;
double dval;
zend_refcounted *counted;
zend_string *str;
zend_array *arr;
zend_object *obj;
zend_resource *res;
zend_reference *ref;
zval *zv;
void *ptr;
} value;
union {
struct {
zend_uchar type;
zend_uchar type_flags;
} v;
zend_uint type_info;
};
uint32_t reserved;
} zval;
sizeof(zval) == 16
new

12. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.12
zval (PHP 5 PHP 7)→
● read type - 1 CPU instruction
● read int value - 1 CPU instruction
● read string value - 2 CPU instructions
$b
$c
$a
$d
int(1)
string( )
int(1)
string( )
VM STACK (zvals) HEAP
string, rc=2
«hello»
$a = 1; $b = $a; $c = «hello»; $d = $c;
$b
$c
$a
$d
VM STACK (pointers to zvals) HEAP
string( ), rc=2
int(1), rc=2
«hello»
● read type - 2 CPU instructions
● read int value - 2 CPU instructions
● read string value - 3 CPU instructions

13. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.13
zval (PHP 5 PHP 7) Copy On Write→
● no CoW for scalars – few instructions
$b
$c
$a
$d
int(2)
string( )
int(1)
string( )
VM STACK (zvals) HEAP
string, rc=2
«hello»
$a = 1; $b = $a; $c = «hello»; $d = $c; $b = 2;
$b
$c
$a
$d
VM STACK (pointers to zvals) HEAP
string( ), rc=2
int(1), rc=1
«hello»
● CoW - hundreds CPU instructions
int(2), rc=1

14. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.14
zval
type_flags
value
type reserved
● IS_UNDEF
● IS_NULL
● IS_FALSE
● IS_TRUE
● IS_LONG
● IS_DOUBLE
● IS_STRING
● IS_ARRAY
● IS_OBJECT
● IS_RESOURCE
● IS_REFERENCE
● IS_INDIRECT
● IS_PTR
● IS_TYPE_CONSTANT
● IS_TYPE_REFCOUNTED
● IS_TYPE_COLLECTABLE
● IS_TYPE_COPYABLE
● IS_TYPE_IMMUTABLE
0 7 8 31 32 63
new type
old IS_BOOL
scalars
refcounted
new type

15. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.15
zval (refcounted)
● IS_STRING
● IS_ARRAY
● IS_OBJECT
● IS_RESOURCE
● IS_REFERENCE
type_flags
value
type reserved
...
typerefcount flags gc_info
0 7 8 31 32 63

16. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.16
zval (string)
● IS_STR_PERSISTENT
● IS_STR_INTERNED
● IS_STR_PERMANENTflags
value
type reserved
hash_value
typerefcount flags gc_info
len
val
...
0 7 8 31 32 63

17. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.17
zval (array)
flags
value
type reserved
typerefcount flags gc_info
HashTable
● IS_ARRAY_IMMUTABLE
0 7 8 31 32 63

18. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.18
HashTable (PHP 5.*)
nKeyLenght
hash_val
Bucket
pData
pDataPtr
pListNext
pListPrev
pNext
pPrev
arKey
pInternalPointer
nTableSize
nNextFreeElement
nTableMask
nNumOfElem
pListHead
pListTail
arBuckets
pDestructor
HashTable
nKeyLenght
hash_val
Bucket
pData
pDataPtr
pListNext
pListPrev
pNext
pPrev
arKey
type
value
zval
Bucket*
Bucket*
...
Bucket*
«hello»

19. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.19
zval (array) / HashTable
flags
value
type reserved
0 7 8 31 32 63
Bucket index N
...
Bucket index 0
key
hash_val
Bucket 0
val
...
key
hash_val
Bucket N
val
string, rc=1
«hello»
typerefcount flags gc_info
flags
arData
nTableMask
nNumUsed nNumOfElem
nNextFreeElement
nInternalPtrnTableSize
pDestructor

20. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.20
PHP 5.6 PHP 7
Memory Usage 428 MB 34 MB
Time 0.49 sec 0.06 sec
$a = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++) $a[$i] = array("hello");
echo memory_get_usage(true);
if (in array($color, array(“red”, “yellow”, “green”)) {
...
}
Immutable Arrays (Неизменяемые массивы)

21. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.21
zval (object/PHP 5)
handlers
zend_class_entry *ce
typerefcount is_ref unused
zval *propertyN
HashTable *guards
0 7 8 31 32 63
handle
...
...
...
HashTable *properies
zval *property1
...
zval
zval
HEAP
OBJECT STORE

22. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.22
zval (object/PHP 7)
● IS_OBJ_DTOR_CALLED
● IS_OBJ_FREE_CALLED
● IS_OBJ_USE_GUARDS
● IS_OBJ_HAS_GUARDS
flags
value
type reserved
zend_class_entry *ce
typerefcount flags gc_info
zend_object_handlers *handlers
HashTable *properies
...
zval property_N
zval property1
HashTable *guards (optional)
0 7 8 31 32 63

23. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.23
zval (reference)
flags
value
type reserved
typerefcount flags gc_info
zval val
0 7 8 31 32 63

24. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.24
zval (IS_BOOL -> IS_FALSE + IS_TRUE)
ZEND_VM_HANDLER(43, ZEND_JMPZ,
CONST|TMP|VAR|CV, ANY)
{
long ret;
zval *val =
GET_OP1_ZVAL_PTR(BP_VAR_R);
if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_BOOL)) {
ret = Z_LVAL_P(val);
} else {
ret = i_zend_is_true(val TSRMLS_CC);
FREE_OP1();
CHECK_EXCEPTION();
}
if (!ret) {
ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE(
opline->op2.jmp_addr);
ZEND_VM_CONTINUE();
}
ZEND_VM_NEXT_OPCODE();
}
ZEND_VM_HANDLER(43, ZEND_JMPZ,
CONST|TMP|VAR|CV, ANY)
{
zval *val =
GET_OP1_ZVAL_PTR_UNDEF(BP_VAR_R);
if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_TRUE) {
ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE(opline + 1);
ZEND_VM_CONTINUE();
} else if (Z_TYPE_P(val) <= IS_TRUE) {
ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE(opline->op2.jmp_addr);
ZEND_VM_CONTINUE();
}
if (i_zend_is_true(val TSRMLS_CC)) {
opline++;
} else {
opline = opline->op2.jmp_addr;
}
FREE_OP1();
ZEND_VM_JMP(opline);
}
type check
value read
value check
type check
slow path
slow path

25. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.25
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
...
...
...

26. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.26
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
...
... int(3), rc=1
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:

27. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.27
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
... int(3), rc=1
int(5), rc=1
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:

28. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.28
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
CALL FRAME
...
...
...
... int(3), rc=1
int(5), rc=1
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:
$a:
$b:

29. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.29
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
CALL FRAME
...
...
... int(3), rc=2
int(5), rc=1
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:
$a:
$b:

30. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.30
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
CALL FRAME
...
... int(3), rc=2
int(5), rc=2
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:
$a:
$b:

31. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.31
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
CALL FRAME
int(8)
... int(3), rc=2
int(5), rc=2
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:
$a:
$b:

32. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.32
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
CALL FRAME
int(8)
... int(3), rc=2
int(5), rc=2
HEAP
Arg1:
Arg2:
$a:
$b:

33. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.33
VM Calling Convention (PHP 5.*)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL “foo”/2
RETURN null
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (pointers to zvals)
...
...
...

34. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.34
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
VM STACK (zvals)
...SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
new instruction embedded zvals
instead of pointers

35. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.35
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
...
...
...
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
Arg1:
Arg2:
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
CALL FRAME
call
prev_execute_data
call
opline

36. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.36
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
int(3)
...
...
Arg1:
Arg2:
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data

37. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.37
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
int(5)
...
Arg1:
Arg2:
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
int(3)

38. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.38
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
skip first 2 instructions
local variables already in-place
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
opline
prev_execute_data
int(3)
...
CALL FRAME
call
opline
Arg2 $b:
Arg1 $a:
int(5)
call
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data

39. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.39
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
int(3)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
int(5)
int(8)
Arg2 $b:
Arg1 $a:

40. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.40
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
int(3)
int(5)
int(8)
CALL FRAME
prev_execute_data
call
opline
Arg2 $b:
Arg1 $a:

41. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.41
VM Calling Convention (PHP 7)
RECV 1, $a
RECV 2, $b
ADD $a,$b,TMP1
RETURN TMP1
foo:
_main:
function foo($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
foo(3, 5);
...SEND_VAL 3
SEND_VAL 5
DO_FCALL
RETURN null
INIT_FCALL “foo”/2
VM STACK (zvals)
CALL FRAME
call
opline
prev_execute_data
current_execute_data
NOTE:
● func_get_arg*() changed behavior
● function foo($_, $_) {} is not allowed

42. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.42
Новый менеджер памяти
●
В PHP 5 менеджмент памяти потребляет более 20% процессорного времени
(на Wordpress)
●
Новый ММ отказался от алгоритмов dlmalloc и перешел на что-то,
напоминающее jemalloc
●
Уменьшены издержки памяти на служебную информацию
●
Использование поиска по битовым маскам вместо обхода списков и деревьев
●
Лучшее использование кэшей CPU
●
Специализация под часто используемые размеры блоков
●
Полностью прозрачная реализация
●
Накладные расходы ММ уменьшены до 5%

43. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.43
Множество мелких усовершенствований
●
Быстрое API для разбора параметров внутренних функций
●
Новые инструкции VM (конкатенация строк, специализация, супер-инструкции)
●
Некоторые внутренние функции превращены в инструкции VM (strlen, is_int)
●
Использование регистров CPU под регистры VM (IP и FP)
●
Новый API для итерации по HashTable
●
Оптимизация функций дублирования и удаления массивов
●
Использование счетчиков ссылок вместо копирования везде, где можно
●
PCRE JIT
●
Оптимизация внутренних функций
●
Оптимизация serialize()
●
Уменьшение размера кода и обрабатываемых данных

44. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.44
Откуда ускорение? (WordPress/PHP 7.0)

45. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.45
PHP 5.6 PHP 7.0 улучшение
VM 27% 19,494M 46% 9,005M 2 раза
alloc 22% 15,575M 5% 905M 17 раз
hash 13% 9,590M 13% 2.450M 4 раза
libc 6% 4.585M 8% 1,598M 3 раза
Total: 100% 70,798M 100% 19,462M 3.5 раз
Откуда ускорение? (WordPress)

46. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.46
Производительность PHP 7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
24.04 24.04 24.04
22.64
18.62
16.37
15.28 14.86
14.16 13.83 13.56 13.28
12.58 12.39
11.67 11.48 11.08 11.04 10.88 10.69 10.5 10.4 10.4
sec
●
Время исполнения 1000 запросов к Wordpress-3.6.0
●
php-cgi -T 1000 /.../wordpress/index.php > /dev/null

47. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.47
PHP 5 против PHP 7 против HHVM
ZF1 Hello
ZF2 Test
Magento (home)
SugarCRM (login)
Laravel
Drupal 7
Drupal 8
Mediawiki
Wordpress-4.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
PHP 5.6
PHP 7.0.0
HHVM 3.10.0

48. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.48
PHP 5 против PHP 7 против HHVM (версия Facebook)

49. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.49
Badoo перешли на PHP 7.0 и сэкономили $1M

50. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.50
Что дальше?
●
PHP 7.0
●
Оптимизация структур данных
●
PHP 7.1
●
Анализатор потоков данных
●
Вывод типов
●
Глобальный оптимизатор для байт-кода PHP
●
Оптимизация и cпециализация интерпретатора

51. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.51
PHP 7.1
●
Уже вышел RC3 (29-го сентября 2016)
●
GA релиз запланирован на ноябрь 2016
●
Nullable types - function foo(?Node $x): ?Node;
●
Void return type - function foo(): void;
●
Keys in list() - foreach ($points as list(«x»=>$x, «y»=>$y))
●
Class constants visibility - private const X = 42;
●
Negative string offsets - $a = “abcd”; var_dump($a[-2]);
●
Invalid numeric strings - 5 * “orange”
●
Closure::fromCallable()

52. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.52
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (script)
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

53. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.53
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (bytecode)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ADD $sum, $i -> T2
ASSIGN $sum, T2
POST_INC $i -> T4
FREE T4
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

54. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.54
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ADD $sum, $i -> T2
ASSIGN $sum, T2
POST_INC $i -> T4
FREE T4
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

55. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.55
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
POST_INC $i -> T4
FREE T4
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

56. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.56
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
POST_INC $i -> T4
FREE T4
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

57. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.57
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

58. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.58
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

59. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.59
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (trivial optimization)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

60. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.60
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Control Flow Graph)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

61. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.61
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Control Flow Graph)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

62. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.62
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Control Flow Graph)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

63. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.63
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Control Flow Graph)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $sum, $i
PRE_INC $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

64. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.64
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Static Single Assignmnt Form)
ASSIGN $1.sum, 0
ASSIGN $2.i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $?.sum → $3.sum, $?.i
PRE_INC $?.i → $4.i
L1:
IS_SMALLER $?.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $?.sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

65. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.65
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Static Single Assignmnt Form)
ASSIGN $1.sum, 0
ASSIGN $2.i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $?.sum → $3.sum, $?.i
PRE_INC $?.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $?.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $?.sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

66. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.66
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Static Single Assignmnt Form)
ASSIGN $1.sum, 0
ASSIGN $2.i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $6.i
PRE_INC $6.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

67. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.67
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Extended Static Single Assignmnt Form)
ASSIGN $1.sum, 0
ASSIGN $2.i, 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}

68. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.68
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Extended Static Single Assignmnt Form)
ASSIGN $1.sum, 0
ASSIGN $2.i, 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum

69. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.69
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum

70. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.70
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum

71. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.71
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum [long] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum)
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum

72. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.72
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long] → $3.sum [?], $7.i [long]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] → $4.i [?]
$5.sum [long] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [?])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [?])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long]

73. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.73
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long] → $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] → $4.i [long, double]
$5.sum [long] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long, double])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long]

74. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.74
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long, double] = Pi($6.i [long, double] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long, double] → $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long, double]
PRE_INC $7.i [long, double] → $4.i [long, double]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long, double] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long, double])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long, double], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

75. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.75
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Range Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [0..0], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [0..0], 0
JMP L1
$7.i = Pi($6.i & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum → $3.sum, $7.i
PRE_INC $7.i → $4.i
$5.sum = Phi($1.sum, $3.sum)
$6.i = Phi($2.i, $4.i)
IS_SMALLER $6.i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum

76. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.76
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Range Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [0..0], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [0..0], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [0..99] = Pi($6.i [0..100] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [0..++] → $3.sum [0..++], $7.i [0..99]
PRE_INC $7.i [0..99] → $4.i [1..100]
$5.sum [0..++] = Phi($1.sum [0..0], $3.sum [0..++])
$6.i [0..100] = Phi($2.i [0..0], $4.i [1..100])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [0..100], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [0..++]

77. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.77
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Range + Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long, double] = Pi($6.i [long, double] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long, double] → $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long, double]
PRE_INC $7.i [long, double] → $4.i [long, double]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long, double] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long, double])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long, double], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

78. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.78
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Range + Type Propagation)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long, double] → $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

79. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.79
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ASSIGN_ADD $5.sum [long, double] → $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

80. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.80
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ADD $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long] → $5.sum [long, double]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

81. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.81
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ADD $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long] → $5.sum [long, double]
PRE_INC $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

82. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.82
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ADD $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long] → $5.sum [long, double]
PRE_INC_LONG_NOOVERFLOW $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

83. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.83
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ADD $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long] → $5.sum [long, double]
PRE_INC_LONG_NOOVERFLOW $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER $6.i [long], 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

84. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.84
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (Optimization)
ASSIGN $1.sum [long], 0
ASSIGN $2.i [long], 0
JMP L1
$7.i [long] = Pi($6.i [long] & RANGE[--..99])
ADD $3.sum [long, double], $7.i [long] → $5.sum [long, double]
PRE_INC_LONG_NOOVERFLOW $7.i [long] [0..99] → $4.i [long] [1..100]
$5.sum [long, double] = Phi($1.sum [long], $3.sum [long, double])
$6.i [long] = Phi($2.i [long], $4.i [long])
IS_SMALLER_LONG_JMPNZ $6.i [long], 100, L0
RETURN $5.sum [long, double]

85. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.85
PHP 7.1 Optimizer (final result)
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ADD $sum, $i → $sum
PRE_INC_LONG_NOOVERFLOW $i
L1:
IS_SMALLER_LONG_JMPNZ $i, 100, L0
RETURN $sum
ASSIGN $sum, 0
ASSIGN $i, 0
JMP L1
L0:
ADD $sum, $i -> T2
ASSIGN $sum, T2
POST_INC $i -> T4
FREE T4
L1:
IS_SMALLER $i, 100 -> T5
JMPNZ T5, L0
RETURN $sum
RETURN null

86. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.86
PHP 7.1 Specialized Handlers
void PRE_INC_HANDLER()
{
if (Z_TYPE_P(op1) != IS_LONG) {
… // not integer
} else {
Z_LVAL_P(op1)++;
if (OVERFLOW) {
… // overflow
}
}
CHECK_EXCEPTION();
NEXT_OPCODE();
}
void PRE_INC_HANDLER_LONG_NO_OVERFLOW()
{
Z_LVAL_P(op1)++;
NEXT_OPCODE();
}
mov 0x4(%IP), %eax // get op1 offset
incl (%FP, %eax) // increment
add 0x1c, %IP // next opcode
ret

87. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.87
Что дальше?
●
JIT (для PHP 7.2 или PHP 8)
●
Проект стартовал в августе 2016 и находится в самом начале пути
●
Для генерации машинного кода используется DynAsm из LuaJIT-2
●
https://github.com/zendtech/php-src/tree/jit-dynasm/ext/opcache/jit
●
Уже сегодня ускорение на bench.php в 3 раза (в 75 раз быстрее PHP 5.0)
●
На реальных приложениях ускорения нет
●
Предыдущая попытка, основанная на LLVM, давала на bench.php 2.5
кратное ускорение
●
На реальных приложениях была не применима (очень долго
компилировала)
●
https://github.com/zendtech/php-src/tree/zend-jit/ext/opcache/jit

88. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.88
PHP ? - JIT
JIT$sum:
sub $0xc, %esp
mov $0x0, 0x30(%esi)
mov $0x4, 0x38(%esi)
mov $0x0, 0x40(%esi)
mov $0x4, 0x48(%esi)
jmp .L3
.L1:
cmp $0x4, 0x38(%esi)
jnz .L6
mov 0x30(%esi), %eax
add 0x40(%esi), %eax
jo .L5
mov %eax, 0x30(%esi)
.L2:
inc 0x40(%esi)
.L3
mov $0xeca7fa64, %edi
cmp $0x0, EG(vm_interrupt)
jnz JIT$$interrupt_handler
mov 0x40(%esi), %eax
cmp $0x64, %eax
jl .L1
...
$i++
$i < 100
$sum = 0
$i =0
<?php
function sum() {
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$sum = $sum + $i;
}
return $sum;
}
$sum = $sum + $i

89. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.89
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game (Mandelbrot)
GCC-5.3 -O3
PHP/llvm-jit
LuaJit-2.1.0-beta2
JavaScriptCore-1.12.3
V8-3.14.5.10
HHVM-3.15.2 (--count=2)
PHP/dynasm-jit
SpiderMonrey-1.8.5
PyPy-4.0.1
Java (openjdk-1.8)
PHP-7.1.0-dev
LuaJit-2.1.0-beta2 (-j off)
JavaScriptCore-1.12.3 (LLint)
PHP-7.0.7
Java (openjdk-1.8 -Xint)
Lua-5.3.2
PHP-5.6.20
Ruby-2.2.5
Python-2.7.11
HHVM-3.13.2 (Jit=false)
Perl-5.22.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.014
0.016
0.019
0.025
0.027
0.030
0.046
0.092
0.098
0.190
0.227
0.243
0.300
0.363
0.609
0.940
1.036
2.063
sec
Самый быстрый интерпретатор,
все что быстрее с JIT.
Старый JIT (быстрее некуда :)
Новый JIT

90. Confidential - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.90
Вопросы?
Dmitry Stogov
Principal Engineer at Zend Technologies
@dstogov
dmitry@zend.com
www.zend.com

91. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.91
Хотите еще быстрее? – HUGE TLB или HUGE PAGE
●
CPU использует виртуальную память с 4KB страницам
●
CPU TLB cahce содержит всего 64-512 слотов => 256KB-2M
●
TLB промахи требуют много времени для обработки
●
Решение – страницы размером 2MB
●
PHP-7, если может, использует 2M страницы для менеджера памяти и разделяемой
памяти opcahce, где хранятся скомпилированные скрипты
●
opcache.huge_tlb_caches=1 так же копирует сегмент кода в Huge Pages
●
grep "Huge" /proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 512
HugePages_Free: 497
HugePages_Rsvd: 55
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
●
https://wiki.debian.org/Hugepages#Enabling_HugeTlbPage

92. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.92
Хотите еще быстрее? – 32-битная сборка?
●
Почти все современные процессоры 64-битные
●
Почти все современные ОС 64-битные
●
X86_64 может обрабатывать данные, используя меньшее количество
инструкций
●
X86_64 предлагает 8 дополнительных регистров общего назначения
●
Но: 64-битные адреса занимают больше места, требуют больше памяти, что
ведет к увеличению промахов в CPU кэше и уменьшению производительности.
●
Использование 32-битного PHP (gcc -m32 -sse2) обычно дает 5% прирост

93. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.93
Хотите еще быстрее? – PGO/FDO сборка
●
make prof-gen
●
sapi/cgi/php-cgi -T 3000 /.../wordpress/index.php > /dev/null
●
make prof-clean
●
make prof-use
●
Скорость +8%
●
Объем кода -8% (size sapi/cli/php)

94. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.94
Хотите еще быстрее? – opcache.file_cahe
●
PHP7 opcache дает возможность дополнительно кэшировать скрипты на диске
(запрещено по умолчанию)
●
mkdir /tmp/opcahe
●
Добавить opcache.file_cahce=/tmp/opcache в php.ini
●
Уменьшает пиковые нагрузки при рестарте PHP и переполнении SHM кэша
●
Улучшает время отклика в эти моменты в 2-3 раза
●
Может использоваться в сценариях апгрейда (можно предварительно
загрузить дисковый кэш)
●
file_cache может работать вообще без SHM

95. Copyright - © All rights reserved. Zend Technologies, Inc.95
Не забывайте про оптимизацию всего стека
●
Оптимизация вашего PHP приложения даст наибольший результат
●
Кэшируйте все, что можно
●
Правильно выбирайте количество PHP процессов (больше – не значит лучше)
●
MariaDB, сконфигурированная по умолчанию, замедляла Wordpress почти на
30%
query_cache_size=16M
query_cache_type=1
●
TCP stack
●
Не отключайте Hyper-Threading