PowerPoint Presentation On Global warming

2. Introduction
• Global warming is the continous rise of the average temperature of
Earth's atmosphere. Scientists have determined that most of it is caused by
human activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere like burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.This finding has
been recognized by the national science academies of all the major
industrialized countries.
• The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a
planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-
radiated in all Directions. Solar radiation at the high frequencies of visible
light passes through the Atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which
then emits this energy at the Lower frequencies of infrared thermal
radiation. Infrared radiation is absorbed by Greenhouse gases. Since part of
this re-radiation is back towards the surface, energy is transferred to the
surface and the lower atmosphere. As a result, the temperature there is
higher than it would be if direct heating by solar radiation were the only
warming mechanism.

3. What Is Global Warming
• Global warming is the continous rise iof the average temperature of earth’s
atmosphere . Scientists have determined that most of it is caused by
activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
like burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.This finding has been recognized
by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries.
• The instrumental temperature record shows that the average global surface
temperature increased by 0.74 °C during the 20th century. They indicate that
during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further
1.5 °C to 6.1°C. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise
and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, and may be expansion
of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic. Other
effects of the warming include more frequent occurrence of extreme weather
events like heatwaves, droughts and heavy rainfall events, and changes in
agricultural yields. Warming related changes will vary from region to region
around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain, the
ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend may not be
preserved.

4. Causes of global warming
• Initial causes of temperature changes (External forcings)Initial causes of temperature changes (External forcings)
• External forcing refers to processes external to the climate system that influence climate.External forcing refers to processes external to the climate system that influence climate.
Climate responds to several external forcing, such as radiative forcing due to changes inClimate responds to several external forcing, such as radiative forcing due to changes in
atmospheric composition, changes in solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations inatmospheric composition, changes in solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in
Earth's orbit around the Sun. Attribution of recent climate change focuses on the first three typesEarth's orbit around the Sun. Attribution of recent climate change focuses on the first three types
of forcing. the United Nations formed a group of scientists called the Intergovernmental Panel onof forcing. the United Nations formed a group of scientists called the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, or IPCC. The IPCC meets every few years to review the latest scientificClimate Change, or IPCC. The IPCC meets every few years to review the latest scientific
findings and write a report summarizing all that is known about global warming. One of the firstfindings and write a report summarizing all that is known about global warming. One of the first
things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, andthings scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and
humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars,humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars,
factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is COfactories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is CO22. Other. Other
contributors include CHcontributors include CH44, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of
forests that would otherwise store CO2.forests that would otherwise store CO2.
• Some greenhouse gases can trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces moreSome greenhouse gases can trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces more
than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful thanthan 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than
CO2. Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons have heat-trapping potential thousands of timesCO2. Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons have heat-trapping potential thousands of times
greater than CO2. But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of thesegreater than CO2. But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these
gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does.gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does.

5. Green house effect
• Earth’s natural greenhouse effect
• Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight
is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining
70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by
the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet.
• As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they radiate “heat” energy (thermal
infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere
where much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such
as carbon dioxide and methane.
• When they absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or
greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters— like the bricks in a fireplace,
they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. The
energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the
surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight.
• This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse
effect—is beneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the
Earth’s average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of
the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today.
• The enhanced greenhouse effect

6. Green house gases
• A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere thatA greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that
absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is theabsorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the
fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in thefundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the
Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan also contain gases thatIn the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan also contain gases that
cause greenhouse effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of thecause greenhouse effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the
Earth; without them, Earth's surface would be on average about 33 °C colder than atEarth; without them, Earth's surface would be on average about 33 °C colder than at
present.present.
• Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels hasSince the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has
contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280ppm tocontributed to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280ppm to
390ppm, despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions through various natural390ppm, despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions through various natural
"sinks" involved in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of"sinks" involved in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of
carbonaceous fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. CO2 is a product of ideal,carbonaceous fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. CO2 is a product of ideal,
stoichiometric combustion of carbon, although few combustion processes are ideal, andstoichiometric combustion of carbon, although few combustion processes are ideal, and
burning coal for example, also produces carbon monoxide. Since 2000 fossil fuel relatedburning coal for example, also produces carbon monoxide. Since 2000 fossil fuel related
carbon emissions have equaled or exceeded the IPCC's "A2 scenario", except for smallcarbon emissions have equaled or exceeded the IPCC's "A2 scenario", except for small
dips during two global recessions.dips during two global recessions.

7. .
• In India, non-conventional energy sources consist of those energy sources that are infinite, natural, and restorable. For example, tidal, solar,
Wind energy are nonconventional sources of energy. windmills were utilized for taking out water and pounding grains. Running water and wind
were applied for direction finding. Currently, some of the important and widely used non conventional sources of energy are tides, wind, solar
geothermal heat, and biomass. disposals from big metropolitan areas can work as a source of producing biogas. All these non conventional
energy sources are unlimited or restorable and are essentially quite economical.
Some of the India non conventional energy sources are given below –
• Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is a limitless and renewable source of energy. For producing electrical power from tidal energy, dams are built close to estuaries to
Make use of inward and outward water currents and surges. Subsequently, the water is used to power turbines to generate electricity via the
usage of water. In the state of Gujarat, the Gulf of Kutch is an appropriate place for electrical energy from the energy generated by tall and
powerful tides moving into small brooks.
• Wind Energy
In India, states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Orissa, and Maharashtra are regarded as superior areas with respect to this type of energy. Places that
Have regular and rapid wind flows are appropriate for this kind of power generation. Other than windmills.The installed capacity of wind power in
India till December 2010 was 13,065.37 MW, principally distributed throughout: in (MW)
Solar Energy
The sun is the most abundant source of energy. solar energy is one of the most important non conventional sources of energy is utilized in India.
The solar cookers are quite economical and have been a remarkable invention. Until now, some of the effective usages of solar energy include
water heating, food preparation, area heating, removal of salt from water, and drying of harvest. Furthermore, it has been forecasted that solar
energy will become the future source of energy while fossil fuels, specifically oil and coal, would be completely used up. Solar photovoltaic
systems, solar thermal systems, and solar energy centre are some of the means of generating solar energy. The biggest photovoltaic (PV)
power plants of India are as follows:
Maharashtra - 1837.85 Rajasthan - 670.97 Tamil Nadu - 4132.72 Karnataka - 1184.45 Other states - 3.20
Andhra Pradesh - 122.4 Gujarat - 1432.71 Kerala - 23.00 Madhya Pradesh - 187.69 West Bengal - 1.10
Gandhinagar Solar Plant - January 21,
2011
Thyagaraj Stadium Plant-Delhi - April,
2010
Tata - Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu - July
2011
TATA - Osmanabad, Maharastra - 1st
Aug 2011
Azure Power, Sabarkantha Gujarat -
June 2011
Tata - Mulshi, Maharashtra April 2011 -
April 2011
Moser Baer - Patan, Gujarat - July 2011 REHPL - Sadeipali, (Bolangir) Orissa - July
2011
NON-CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

8. Techniques to generate Non Conventional Source of Energy in India
• Thermal energy/Geo-thermal energy
Geothermal energy is the application of natural temperature, which prevails on the exterior and below the earth, predominantly in the
fissures and holes within the outer shell of the earth. Geothermal energy can be productively utilized for different objectives. The
country is not affluent in thermal energy resource. Nonetheless, endeavors are on for the total exploitation of natural energy of the
Manikaran thermal springs in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Energy generated from this can be applied for operating cold storage
plants.
• Biomass
Biomass is an important source of energy which represents approximately 33% of the overall volume of fuel used in the country. It is
broadly utilized in domestic circles for preparing food and warming. In countryside areas, farming disposables, timber, wood coal, and
sunbaked droppings can be used as biomass. Many initiatives have been taken in India to make the right use of biomass in
essentially a successful and more systematic way. The two principal segments of the biomass program are generation and usage of
biomass. Smoke-free ambience, improved healthcare, and better quality of life and education are some of the salient benefits of
biomass.
• Bagasse Oriented Power Plants
It was projected that Indian sugar mills have the capacity of generating over 2,000 MW additional electrical energy at the time of the
grinding period. The energy generated by a sugar mill would initially fulfill its own energy needs and the remaining can be used in
watering farming areas by supplying it into the local power system. Similar to bagasse, various other agricultural disposables like rice
husk are also used for generating electrical energy in the country.
• Energy from Urban disposables
In Delhi, a pilot plant for the intention of displaying has been established for processing hard municipal disposables for switching into
energy. Urban disposables generate a significant volume of energy annually. In addition, wastes in metropolitan areas are utilized for
generating electrical energy and gas.the largest percentage of energy is used in the household kitchens of India. Cow dung and
wood are regarded as global sources of energy. Unfortunately, the conventional `chulhas` are uneconomical modes of preparing

9. Need of the hour
• The need of the hour is to firstly conserve the conventional
sources of energy for the future generation and also to save
our enviroment from global warming caused by the pollution
from these sources. The research to invent more and more
non-conventional and least polluting fuels should go on
conclusion
• It is very clear that global Warming is caused by green
house gases which trap a lot of sun’s heat which
should escape into the atmosphere outside the earth.
The polluton level of water as well as air are increasing
day by day at alarming rate. It’s in our hands to
prevent the pollution as well as save our earth from
global warming.

10. • .

11. .
• .
IT LOOKES CLEAR FROM THESE THATIT LOOKES CLEAR FROM THESE THAT
STILL AT LEAST INDIA’S SHARE INSTILL AT LEAST INDIA’S SHARE IN
GLOBAL WARMING CAN HAVE A FULLGLOBAL WARMING CAN HAVE A FULL
STOP.STOP.