Some observations regarding the digital future of transportation

1. Some observations regarding the digital future of freight transportation Per Olof Arnäs, PhD Chalmers University of Technology Service Management and Logistics per-olof.arnas@chalmers.se about.me/perolofarnas Slides: slideshare.net/poar @Dr_PO OKIMG_5751 by taymtaym on Flickr (CC-BY)

2. Doing some Sisyphus work by Kalexanderson on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA) 5 GLOBAL TRENDS Source: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

3. Crowd by James Cridland on Flickr (CC-BY) Megatrend #1 Demographic and social change Source: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

4. Four Storms And A Twister by JD Hancock on Flickr (CC-BY) Megatrend #2 Shift in economic power Source: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

5. Boston Downtown at Night by Werner Kunz on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA) Megatrend #3 Rapid urbanisation Source: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

6. ¡Rayos! by José Eugenio Gómez Rodríguez on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA) Megatrend #4 Climate change and resource scarcity Source: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

7. Megatrend #5 Technological breakthroughsSource: PWC (google: pwc megatrends 2014)

8. Demographic and social change Shift in economic power Rapid urbanisation Technological breakthroughsClimate change and resource scarcity 5 GLOBAL TRENDS

9. Things are happening outside the freight industry (and have been for some time)

10. Things are happening outside the freight industry (and have been for some time) 1957

11. Things are happening outside the freight industry (and have been for some time) Image: Richard Hancock, twitter.com/CanaryWorf 2015

12. Gartners Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies Source: Gartner July 2016 Could affect transportation and logistics

13. MobileWorldCongress2016byKārlisDambrānsonFlickr(CC-BY) Increased use of digital technology Digitalization: Make analogue information digital Digitization: Both are important! (and interesting)

14. http://www.dhl.com/en/about_us/logistics_insights/dhl_trend_research/trendradar.html Several of these trends require digital development

15. Integration of digital and physical worlds http://www.sygic.com/gps-navigation/addon/head-up-display

16. Say hi to the new sensors http://mobsentech.com

17. ”New” modes of transport https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50sv4M4rgBM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG76DcXySuw

18. More automation

19. The sharing economy hits freight transport (again and again…)

20. Servitization Move up in the value chain Upgrade drop points Consumer services Expose data Mall of Scandinavia http://www.smartcompany.com.au/growth/innovation/41765-online-retailer-offers- a-courier-that-waits-at-your-door-fashion-advice-not-included.html https://www.amazon.com/dashbutton https://www.shyp.com

21. The Action of New York City by Trey Ratcliff on Flickr (CC-BY,NC,SA) Real-time (data driven) decision making Data collection Data processing Data exploitation http://mindconnect.se/ http://waze.com https://mydrive.tomtom.com/

22. Smart access/guidance control

26. 3 mountaintops to climb…

27. 3 data types Mountaintop #1 Collection of data in real-time Fixed Historical Snapshot

28. Mountaintop #1 Collection of data in real-time 5 data domains Vehicle CargoDriver Company Infrastructure/  facility at least…

29. Length  Weight  Width  Height Capacity  + other PBS-criteria Emissions  Fuel consumption  Route Position  Speed  Direction Weight  Origin  Destination Accepted ETA Temperature  + other state variables Temperature + other state variables Education/training Speed (ISA)  Rest/break schedule  Traffic behaviour Belt usage  Alco lock history Schedule status (time to next break etc.) Contracts/ agreements Previous interactions Backoffice support Fixed Historical Snapshot Vehicle Cargo Driver Company Infrastructure /facility Map + fixed data layers Traffic history Current traffic Queue Availability DATA MATRIX

30. Mountaintop #2 Processing of data in real-time

31. Mountaintop #3 Exploiting data in real-time

32. CASES  (MANY)

33. CASES  (MANY MORE)

34. Bitcoin, bitcoin coin, physical bitcoin, bitcoin photo by Antana on Flickr (CC-BY,SA) Block chain technology Records transactions and data among actors that do not trust each other Fully decentralized Actors that do not trust each other = your typical supply chain

35. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015

36. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015

37. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015 October 15, 2015

38. Wave (wavebl.com) Electronic Bill of Lading Stored in a blockchain

39. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015 October 15, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/nimber-disrupts-logistics-system-blockchain-matters/ October 31, 2015 October 31, 2015

40. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015 October 15, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/nimber-disrupts-logistics-system-blockchain-matters/ October 31, 2015 October 31, 2015 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/shipping-giant-maersk-tests-blockchain-powered-bills- lading-1585929 October 12, 2016

41. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015 October 15, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/nimber-disrupts-logistics-system-blockchain-matters/ October 31, 2015 October 31, 2015 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/shipping-giant-maersk-tests-blockchain-powered-bills- lading-1585929 October 12, 2016 http://www.coindesk.com/europe-biggest-port-blockchain-logistics/ November 29, 2016

42. http://www.coindesk.com/how-bitcoins-technology-could-make-supply-chains-more- transparent/ May 31, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/future-use-cases-blockchain-technology-parcel-tracking- regardless-courier/ August 7, 2015 October 15, 2015 https://news.bitcoin.com/nimber-disrupts-logistics-system-blockchain-matters/ October 31, 2015 October 31, 2015 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/shipping-giant-maersk-tests-blockchain-powered-bills- lading-1585929 October 12, 2016 http://www.coindesk.com/europe-biggest-port-blockchain-logistics/ November 29, 2016March 5, 2017

43. Oct 2015 Oct 2016 Mar 2017 Oct 2013 Apr 2012 Oct 2015 Oct 2016 Mar 2017”Blockchain” ”Blockchain supply chain” Just 18 months!

44. So… What are we doing about it then?!

45. Architecture for EurOpean Logistics Information eXchange Budget: 16 M€ from the Commission 36 months, Sep 2016 - Aug 2019 This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 690797

46. Develop necessary interfaces for an integrated syncromodal freight transport system. Deploy C-ITS services for freight and logistics by specifying, using and fostering interoperable and complementary communications technologies. Promote the potential of new innovative trends such as big data, Internet of Things and automation for Freight and Logistics Develop user awareness and promote the use and benefits of ITS and their associated monetary benefits (business models) to logistics stakeholders 1 2 3 4

47. innovation areasInter- operability Technical Legal Business Communities Interfaces with any logistics information systems Distributed open system through conﬁgurable plugin APIs Data access, privacy identiﬁcation, authentication Enable low- complexity and low-cost connectivity Open to all stakeholders across modes, within and across related supply chains Support continued development of standardized formats Demand driven from users rather than supply driven Secure, Resilient and Trusted environment procedures Business models and public-privater governance Towards a Single European Transport Area

48. Dr Per Olof Arnäs Associate professor Dan Andersson Associate professor Gunnar Stefansson Professor Stig Franzén Professor MariAnne Karlsson Per Wide. MSc Doctoral student Postdoctoral researcher under recruitment Postdoctoral researcher under recruitment Service Management and Logistics Design & Human Factors The team at Chalmers Linda de Vries. Lic Eng Doctoral student

49. Engagement

50. 1. Co-creation 2. Active user involvement 3. Real-life setting 4. Multi-stakeholder participation 5. Multi-method approach Living labs http://openlivinglabs.eu

51. •Thessaloniki-Balkans & central Europe via rail/road •Gothenburg-Hamburg, Bratislava load control centre, Trieste to three TEN-T corridors (Scandinavian-Mediterranean, Mediterranean, Baltic-Adriatic) •Urban Bordeaux & Atlantic Corridor •UK - Continental EU - China logistics •Bucharest-Vienna: Inland waterway Multi/syncromodalTransport •Sea ports: Hamburg, Gothenburg, Bordeaux, Trieste •Railway hubs: Hamburg ,Trieste Northamptonshire •Inland waterway (barge) terminals: Bucharest Vienna •Cities: Bordeaux, Gothenburg •Virtual freight centres: Thessaloniki Industrial Area Intelligent Hubs •The whole logistics network, incl. ports, inland transport (road, train, barge) in The Netherlands, Germany and Spain •All sites that will cover multi/ synchromodal transport Network Optimisation

52. Consortium

53. Standardisation Bodies: CEN, ETSI, GS1 Networks : ITS Germany, TTS Italy, ITS UK, ITS HELLAS, ITS Germany, ITS Sweden, CLECAT, Wolfsburg, Cluster Canario (CCTL), TLF, Logistik- och transportstiftelsen LTS Users: a-PAK, Road Cargo Sweden, Tjörns Bilservice AB, Greenery Zuid Europa, Gecoinsa, Movelco Mobility, LTS, CABLERIAS Group, ECUS Technological companies: XEROX, Go Swift, R-IPS, Portbase, Consenso, Kaleido Ideas & Logistics, Little Electric Car España, Exla Plásticos, Mymo Addons, Cargospace 24 Public Authorities: US/DOT, French Ministry of Transport, German Ministry of Transport, Italian Ministry of Transport, Romanian Border Police, Romanian Naval Authority (RNA), Business Region Göteborg, Hessen Traffic Management, City of Hamburg, Port of Gothenburg, Port of Vienna, Swedish Maritime Administration, Trieste Marine Terminal, Transporte Augusto, Swedish Customs, Swedish Transport Administration, VINNOVA Research Centres and test facilities: Transport planning and research Institute (MOT) China, VIGOTEC Associatedpartners *Swedish

54. DREAMIT Digital REal-time Access Management in Intermodal Transportation Collection and processing of data… …in real-time to enable better decision making and thereby a more sustainable transportation system Management of the process where actors are given access to resources to perform activities Example: Collect a container in port. It will be made available at the right time, to the right haulier, in the right condition etc. Intermodal transportation systems are particularly exposed to the effekts of poorly coordinated actors, resources and activities in links and nodes. A cost intensive business as this, with low operating margins and large investment levels, need to - to be able to compete long-term - exploit modern technology as much as possible .

55. DREAMIT Digital REal-time Access Management in Intermodal Transportation Dr Per Olof Arnäs Associate professor Gunnar Stefansson MSc Stefan Jacobsson Doctoral student Funded by VINNOVA 2017-2020

56. Partners DREAMIT Tjörns bilservice

57. The future of freight transportation is digital Are we?

58. Some observations regarding the digital future of freight transportation Per Olof Arnäs, PhD Chalmers University of Technology Service Management and Logistics per-olof.arnas@chalmers.se about.me/perolofarnas Slides: slideshare.net/poar @Dr_PO OKIMG_5751 by taymtaym on Flickr (CC-BY) Logistikpodden.se Eldsjälar Experter (Föreslå gärna…)