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YOUR HAT
LOOKS
FUNNY
Cultural
Intelligence
For All
Benjamin Joffe!
June 2013!
Benjamin Joffe!
•  13 years in Asia!
•  Lived in 8 countries!
•  Founder, +8*!
•  Co-Founder, Cmune!
•  Angel investor!
•  Speaker, Columnist!
@benjaminjoffe!
benjamin@plus8star.com!
Apologies	
  in	
  advance	
  
This	
  is	
  not	
  going	
  to	
  be	
  very	
  poli5cally	
  correct	
  
An	
  Indian	
  friend	
  told	
  me	
  how	
  surprised	
  he	
  was	
  when	
  
he	
  used	
  a	
  restroom	
  for	
  the	
  first	
  5me	
  in	
  the	
  US	
  
He	
  was	
  very	
  surprised	
  because	
  he	
  could	
  
not	
  find	
  the	
  water	
  hose	
  he	
  was	
  used	
  to.	
  
“But	
  where	
  is	
  the	
  water?”	
  
Thinking	
  of	
  it:	
  imagine	
  you	
  step	
  onto	
  something	
  nasty…	
  
would	
  you	
  trust	
  toilet	
  paper	
  to	
  clean	
  your	
  shoes?	
  
Maybe	
  we	
  are	
  just	
  used	
  to	
  something	
  ineffec5ve.	
  
THE	
  WAY	
  WE	
  DO	
  THINGS	
  
IS	
  JUST	
  ONE	
  WAY	
  
AND	
  NOT	
  ALWAYS	
  THE	
  BEST.	
  
How	
  “social	
  smart”	
  was	
  this	
  guy?	
  
I	
  realized	
  over	
  the	
  years	
  that	
  there	
  is	
  no	
  such	
  thing	
  as	
  
all-­‐purpose	
  “smart”.	
  There	
  are	
  various	
  forms	
  of	
  
intelligence.	
  
Forms	
  of	
  Intelligence?	
  
•  Classics	
  
–  IQ	
  
–  EQ	
  
–  SI	
  
•  Add-­‐ons	
  
–  Ar5s5c	
  
–  Kinesthe5c	
  
–  Spiritual	
  
I	
  would	
  add	
  to	
  the	
  list	
  “Cultural	
  Intelligence”	
  
Howard	
  Gardner,	
  1983	
  
“It’s not how smart you are, it’s how you are smart”	

– Howard Gardner	

Here	
  is	
  another	
  model	
  
Encountering	
  
other	
  forms	
  of	
  intelligence	
  
Aliens?	
  
My	
  friend	
  Nikolaj	
  was	
  a	
  royal	
  guard	
  and	
  soldier,	
  
definitely	
  not	
  the	
  academic	
  type.	
  He	
  has	
  incredible	
  
kinesthe5c	
  and	
  social	
  intelligence.	
  I	
  did	
  not.	
  
Thanks	
  to	
  him	
  I	
  made	
  some	
  progress…	
  
and	
  opened	
  my	
  eyes	
  
I	
  spent	
  most	
  of	
  my	
  working	
  life	
  (11	
  years)	
  overseas,	
  especially	
  in	
  Japan,	
  China,	
  
South	
  Korea	
  and	
  USA.	
  My	
  cultural	
  DNA	
  has	
  become	
  rather	
  complex.	
  
13 years abroad – my cultural DNA!
I	
  lived	
  in	
  8	
  countries	
  and	
  got	
  exposed	
  to	
  
various	
  cultural	
  differences	
  
I	
  spent	
  most	
  of	
  my	
  working	
  life	
  (11	
  years)	
  overseas,	
  especially	
  in	
  Japan,	
  China,	
  
South	
  Korea	
  and	
  USA.	
  My	
  cultural	
  DNA	
  has	
  become	
  rather	
  complex.	
  
Trans-Religion!
I	
  also	
  got	
  exposed	
  to	
  several	
  religions	
  
I	
  spent	
  most	
  of	
  my	
  working	
  life	
  (11	
  years)	
  overseas,	
  especially	
  in	
  Japan,	
  China,	
  
South	
  Korea	
  and	
  USA.	
  My	
  cultural	
  DNA	
  has	
  become	
  rather	
  complex.	
  
Trans-Class!
Working Class Bourgeois
My	
  social	
  background	
  is	
  also	
  a	
  mix	
  
Diversity	
  Quiz!	
  
How	
  about	
  you?	
  
Have	
  you	
  lived	
  in	
  
more	
  than	
  1	
  country?	
  2?	
  3?	
  4?	
  
Can	
  you	
  speak	
  
more	
  than	
  1	
  language?	
  2?	
  3?	
  
2	
  languages	
  =	
  bilingual,	
  3	
  languages	
  =	
  
trilingual,	
  1	
  language?	
  Guess	
  :-­‐)	
  
1.	
  ALARM	
  
2.	
  RESISTANCE	
   3.	
  EXHAUSTION	
  
DEATH	
  
4.	
  RESTORATION	
  
OF	
  HOMEOSTASIS	
  
HOMEOSTASIS	
  
4.	
  RESTORATION	
  
OF	
  HOMEOSTASIS	
  
HOMEOSTASIS	
  
I	
  spent	
  most	
  of	
  my	
  working	
  life	
  (11	
  years)	
  overseas,	
  especially	
  in	
  Japan,	
  China,	
  
South	
  Korea	
  and	
  USA.	
  My	
  cultural	
  DNA	
  has	
  become	
  rather	
  complex.	
  
This	
  is	
  a	
  typical	
  response	
  curve	
  to	
  stress.	
  
It	
  also	
  applies	
  to	
  culture	
  shocks	
  
1.	
  ALARM	
  
2.	
  RESISTANCE	
   3.	
  EXHAUSTION	
  
DEATH	
  
HOMEOSTASIS	
  HOMEOSTASIS	
  
4.	
  RESTORATION	
  
OF	
  HOMEOSTASIS	
  
4.	
  RESTORATION	
  
OF	
  HOMEOSTASIS	
  
Luckily	
  it	
  rarely	
  leads	
  to	
  death.	
  
Symptoms	
  of	
  Culture	
  Shock	
  
•  Utopian	
  ideas	
  on	
  other	
  culture	
  
•  Refusal	
  to	
  learn	
  the	
  language	
  
•  Concerns	
  about	
  water	
  &	
  food	
  
•  Concerns	
  about	
  being	
  robbed/cheated	
  
•  Irritability	
  &	
  complaints	
  
•  Staying	
  indoors	
  
•  Fear	
  of	
  touching	
  local	
  people	
  	
  
List	
  of	
  symptoms	
  for	
  self-­‐diagnosis	
  
THE WEST! THE REST!
When	
  I	
  grew	
  up	
  I	
  thought	
  the	
  world	
  was	
  like	
  that	
  
Culture	
  =	
  Language?	
  
I	
  also	
  equated	
  culture	
  and	
  language	
  
And	
  English	
  is	
  definitely	
  not	
  the	
  most	
  prevalent	
  
Source:	
  Carroll	
  Quigley,	
  The	
  Evolu5on	
  of	
  Civiliza5ons:	
  An	
  Introduc5on	
  to	
  Historical	
  Analysis,	
  1979	
  
Looking	
  at	
  civiliza5ons,	
  I	
  realized	
  I	
  knew	
  only	
  “Western”	
  
Western!
Latin American!
African!Orthodox!
Indian!
Muslim!
Japanese!
Chinese!
Major Civilizations: One Model!
Buddhist!
Source:	
  The	
  Clash	
  of	
  Civiliza5ons,	
  Samuel	
  Hun5ngton	
  
Western	
  Culture?	
  
•  Ancient	
  Greece	
  /	
  Rome	
  
•  ChrisQanizaQon	
  (Jesus	
  from	
  Nazareth,	
  in	
  today’s	
  Israel)	
  
•  Renaissance	
  
•  European	
  empires	
  
•  Experiments	
  with	
  enlightenment,	
  naturalism,	
  
roman5cism,	
  science,	
  democracy,	
  socialism	
  
Describing	
  “culture”	
  is	
  very	
  hard.	
  Here	
  is	
  one	
  way.	
  
To	
  understand	
  real	
  mo5ves,	
  ask:	
  
“What	
  do	
  you	
  mean?”	
  
This	
  is	
  the	
  most	
  important	
  ques5on	
  to	
  ask	
  
This	
  is	
  a	
  German	
  fes5val	
  
How	
  about	
  in	
  China?	
  
No	
  moon	
  cakes	
  in	
  Germany	
  
Chinese	
  dumplings	
  
“Dumplings”	
  in	
  China	
  
“Dumplings”	
  in	
  Czech	
  republic	
  
Chaulafan	
  de	
  Pollo	
  (Ecuador)?	
  
What	
  could	
  that	
  dish	
  be?	
  
La5n-­‐style	
  Chinese	
  fried	
  rice!	
  (from	
  “chaofan”)	
  
What	
  are	
  the	
  assump5ons	
  behind	
  the	
  
word	
  “Contract”?	
  
Words	
  are	
  treacherous:	
  what	
  is	
  implied	
  by	
  “contract”	
  can	
  vary	
  widely	
  
(number	
  of	
  pages,	
  lawyers,	
  handshake?)	
  
•  USA 	
   	
   	
  “It	
  works”	
  
•  Japan	
   	
   	
  “It’s	
  perfect”	
  
•  Korea	
   	
   	
  “It’s	
  new”	
  
•  China	
   	
   	
  “It	
  gives	
  me	
  status”	
  
Source:	
  Clotaire	
  Rapaille,	
  Jean	
  K.	
  Min,	
  Benjamin	
  Joffe	
  
Other	
  Important	
  Cases	
  
Appointment	
  
Friendship	
  
Marriage	
  
Contract	
  
Da5ng	
  
Fun	
  
Beker	
  know	
  what	
  those	
  mean	
  in	
  the	
  mind	
  of	
  
your	
  counterpart	
  before	
  moving	
  further	
  on!	
  
QUIZ	
  WITH	
  NO	
  PRIZE!	
  
•  Answer	
  this	
  quiz	
  and	
  I’ll	
  tell	
  you	
  my	
  experience	
  of	
  
those	
  situa5ons.	
  	
  
1.  At	
  what	
  5me	
  do	
  you	
  show	
  up	
  for	
  a	
  home	
  party	
  
at	
  8pm	
  in	
  France?	
  
2.  When	
  is	
  the	
  cut-­‐off	
  5me	
  to	
  call	
  friends	
  in	
  Korea?	
  
3.  Is	
  love	
  above	
  all	
  to	
  marry	
  in	
  Japan?	
  
4.  How	
  omen	
  will	
  you	
  check	
  a	
  contract	
  amer	
  it’s	
  
signed	
  in	
  China?	
  
5.  Who	
  pays	
  the	
  bill	
  for	
  a	
  date	
  in	
  the	
  US?	
  
6.  What	
  is	
  “Fun	
  to	
  do”	
  with	
  friends	
  in	
  Malaysia?	
  
For	
  instance,	
  in	
  Japan…	
  
“It	
  is	
  a	
  bit	
  difficult…”	
  
	
  
ちょっと難しい。。。	
  
…generally	
  means	
  no	
  
PROBLEMS	
  
1.  Learning	
  languages	
  takes	
  ages	
  
2.  We	
  can’t	
  trust	
  words!	
  
TRUST	
  
DON’T	
  TRUST	
  
Luckily…	
  
WARNING:	
  ONLY	
  FOR	
  FEELINGS	
  &	
  ATTITUDE	
  
Source:	
  Albert	
  Mehrabian,	
  "Decoding	
  of	
  Inconsistent	
  Communica5ons”,	
  1967	
  
You	
  hear	
  this	
  a	
  lot,	
  but	
  very	
  few	
  checked	
  the	
  source.	
  
It	
  only	
  applies	
  to	
  communica5ng	
  EMOTIONS.	
  
My	
  Interests	
  
Touch	
   Silence	
   Humor	
  
Those	
  3	
  things	
  tell	
  a	
  lot	
  about	
  cultures	
  
Touch	
  
Touch	
  varies	
  with	
  cultures	
  &	
  situa5ons	
  
Which	
  Angle?	
  
In	
  Japan,	
  bowing	
  is	
  not	
  so	
  simple	
  
TEPCO	
  employees	
  &	
  MANAGEMENT	
  visi5ng	
  people	
  to	
  apologize	
  
for	
  Fukushima	
  disaster.	
  Also	
  bowing	
  in	
  front	
  of	
  the	
  media.	
  
How	
  about	
  in	
  the	
  West?	
  
(Benefit	
  of	
  Being	
  French)	
  
The	
  first	
  kiss	
  is	
  free!	
  
For	
  Everyone	
  Else	
  
Unfortunately…	
  
	
  
FRANCE	
  
	
  
JAPAN	
  
	
  
KOREA	
  
	
  
CHINA	
  
My	
  gree5ngs	
  got	
  all	
  mixed	
  up	
  from	
  living	
  in	
  low-­‐
touch	
  countries	
  with	
  different	
  gree5ng	
  styles.	
  
High	
  Touch	
  vs.	
  Low	
  Touch	
  
(Sidney	
  Jourard,	
  1966)	
  
An	
  interes5ng	
  study	
  on	
  touch.	
  
High	
  Touch	
  
vs.	
  Low	
  Touch	
  
•  USA 	
   	
  2x	
  /	
  30	
  min.	
  
•  France 	
  110x	
  /	
  30	
  min.	
  
Source:	
  Touch	
  Study	
  by	
  Sidney	
  Jourard,	
  1966	
  
Observing	
  couples	
  at	
  cafes	
  for	
  30	
  minutes	
  and	
  coun5ng	
  touches	
  
Benefits	
  (?)	
  
•  High-­‐touch	
  >	
  Low	
  violence?	
  
•  Low-­‐touch	
  >	
  More	
  violence?	
  
•  (Birthrate?)	
  
Are	
  fist	
  bumps	
  enough?	
  
Possibly	
  consequences	
  of	
  high-­‐touch	
  cultures	
  
Touch	
  Zones	
  
(Mark	
  Tomita,	
  2008)	
  
Another	
  funky	
  study	
  on	
  touch	
  
Touch	
  Zones	
  
Source:	
  Touch	
  Study	
  by	
  Mark	
  Tomita,	
  2008	
  
Males	
  among	
  Males	
  Females	
  with	
  Males	
  
Green	
  =	
  ok,	
  yellow	
  =	
  it	
  depends,	
  red	
  =	
  no-­‐no.	
  
Females	
  can	
  touch	
  males	
  (almost)	
  everywhere!	
  
Males	
  barely	
  touch	
  each	
  other.	
  
US-­‐Centric?	
  
BUT	
  this	
  study	
  is	
  very	
  US-­‐centric!	
  
Some	
  pictures	
  from	
  China,	
  Japan	
  and	
  Korea	
  
Founder	
  of	
  gaming	
  startup	
  in	
  China	
  
Korea’s	
  “Mark	
  Zuckerberg”	
  
“Ondol”	
  water-­‐heated	
  Korean	
  floor	
  
Broman5c	
  Asia	
  
More	
  Disturbing!	
  
This	
  is	
  a	
  long	
  story-­‐	
  let’s	
  just	
  say	
  Korea	
  is	
  very	
  
generous	
  with	
  male	
  bonding	
  with	
  touch	
  
Silence	
  
Shhht.	
  
What	
  can	
  silence	
  express?	
  
SURVEY	
  
(Silence)	
  
•  Generally	
  uncomfortable	
  
•  Some5mes	
  pregnant	
  
•  Rarely	
  meaningful	
  
In	
  Japan	
  
Silence	
  Can	
  Express…	
  
1.  Surprise	
  
2.  Agreement	
  &	
  Disagreement	
  
3.  Embarrassment	
  
4.  Defiance	
  
5.  Femininity	
  
6.  Deference	
  
7.  Effec5ve	
  wordless	
  
communica5on	
  
NOW	
  GO	
  FIGURE	
  IT	
  OUT	
  J	
  
“A-­‐Un”	
  Rela5onship	
  (阿吽の仲)	
  –	
  wordless.	
  
Mapping	
  Cultural	
  Values	
  
1.  Money	
  /	
  Career	
  /	
  Financial	
  Success	
  
2.  Family	
  
3.  Society	
  /	
  Social	
  Link	
  
4.  “Culture”	
  /	
  Knowledge	
  
5.  Spirituality	
  
This	
  is	
  a	
  model	
  I	
  am	
  working	
  on	
  
0	
  
1	
  
2	
  
3	
  
MONEY	
  
FAMILY	
  
SOCIAL	
  LINK	
  CULTURE	
  
SPIRITUALITY	
  
Tenta5ve	
  Mapping	
  (France)	
  
Note:	
  This	
  is	
  a	
  personal	
  view	
  –	
  I	
  am	
  as	
  biased	
  as	
  the	
  next	
  guy!	
  
Compa5bility	
  &	
  Culture	
  Clashes	
  
•  France	
  /	
  USA	
  
•  Korea	
  /	
  Japan	
  
•  USA	
  /	
  China	
  
•  Score	
  your	
  country!	
  
Other	
  (poten5ally)	
  Interes5ng	
  Mapping	
  
Comfort	
  with	
  /	
  Importance	
  of	
  
Eye	
  Contact	
   Smile	
   Group	
   Nudity	
  
Not	
  enough	
  material	
  quite	
  yet…	
  
Death	
  
Most	
  Difficult	
  
Humor	
  
Rakugo	
  (Japan)	
  
Your Hat Looks Funny
Looking	
  back…	
  
Dealing	
  with	
  other	
  cultures	
  is	
  not	
  
about	
  learning	
  “tricks”	
  
Those	
  end	
  up	
  becoming	
  crutches	
  
Checking	
  assump5ons	
  
•  My	
  sugges5on:	
  
– Assume	
  people	
  want	
  to	
  do	
  their	
  best	
  
Understand	
  the	
  differences	
  when	
  
	
  
•  Dealing	
  with	
  problems	
  
•  Defini5on	
  &	
  percep5on	
  of	
  failure	
  
•  Defini5on	
  &	
  percep5on	
  of	
  competence	
  
•  Asking	
  for	
  help	
  
•  Percep5on	
  of	
  authority	
  
Keep	
  an	
  open	
  mind!	
  
1.  Respect	
  silence	
  
2.  Listen	
  
3.  Reformulate	
  
4.  Confirm	
  
Further Learning!
Thanks!!
@benjaminjoffe!
benjamin@plus8star.com!

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Your Hat Looks Funny

  • 2. Benjamin Joffe! •  13 years in Asia! •  Lived in 8 countries! •  Founder, +8*! •  Co-Founder, Cmune! •  Angel investor! •  Speaker, Columnist! @benjaminjoffe! benjamin@plus8star.com!
  • 3. Apologies  in  advance   This  is  not  going  to  be  very  poli5cally  correct  
  • 4. An  Indian  friend  told  me  how  surprised  he  was  when   he  used  a  restroom  for  the  first  5me  in  the  US  
  • 5. He  was  very  surprised  because  he  could   not  find  the  water  hose  he  was  used  to.   “But  where  is  the  water?”  
  • 6. Thinking  of  it:  imagine  you  step  onto  something  nasty…   would  you  trust  toilet  paper  to  clean  your  shoes?   Maybe  we  are  just  used  to  something  ineffec5ve.  
  • 7. THE  WAY  WE  DO  THINGS   IS  JUST  ONE  WAY   AND  NOT  ALWAYS  THE  BEST.  
  • 8. How  “social  smart”  was  this  guy?   I  realized  over  the  years  that  there  is  no  such  thing  as   all-­‐purpose  “smart”.  There  are  various  forms  of   intelligence.  
  • 9. Forms  of  Intelligence?   •  Classics   –  IQ   –  EQ   –  SI   •  Add-­‐ons   –  Ar5s5c   –  Kinesthe5c   –  Spiritual   I  would  add  to  the  list  “Cultural  Intelligence”  
  • 10. Howard  Gardner,  1983   “It’s not how smart you are, it’s how you are smart” – Howard Gardner Here  is  another  model  
  • 11. Encountering   other  forms  of  intelligence   Aliens?  
  • 12. My  friend  Nikolaj  was  a  royal  guard  and  soldier,   definitely  not  the  academic  type.  He  has  incredible   kinesthe5c  and  social  intelligence.  I  did  not.  
  • 13. Thanks  to  him  I  made  some  progress…   and  opened  my  eyes  
  • 14. I  spent  most  of  my  working  life  (11  years)  overseas,  especially  in  Japan,  China,   South  Korea  and  USA.  My  cultural  DNA  has  become  rather  complex.   13 years abroad – my cultural DNA! I  lived  in  8  countries  and  got  exposed  to   various  cultural  differences  
  • 15. I  spent  most  of  my  working  life  (11  years)  overseas,  especially  in  Japan,  China,   South  Korea  and  USA.  My  cultural  DNA  has  become  rather  complex.   Trans-Religion! I  also  got  exposed  to  several  religions  
  • 16. I  spent  most  of  my  working  life  (11  years)  overseas,  especially  in  Japan,  China,   South  Korea  and  USA.  My  cultural  DNA  has  become  rather  complex.   Trans-Class! Working Class Bourgeois My  social  background  is  also  a  mix  
  • 17. Diversity  Quiz!   How  about  you?  
  • 18. Have  you  lived  in   more  than  1  country?  2?  3?  4?  
  • 19. Can  you  speak   more  than  1  language?  2?  3?   2  languages  =  bilingual,  3  languages  =   trilingual,  1  language?  Guess  :-­‐)  
  • 20. 1.  ALARM   2.  RESISTANCE   3.  EXHAUSTION   DEATH   4.  RESTORATION   OF  HOMEOSTASIS   HOMEOSTASIS   4.  RESTORATION   OF  HOMEOSTASIS   HOMEOSTASIS   I  spent  most  of  my  working  life  (11  years)  overseas,  especially  in  Japan,  China,   South  Korea  and  USA.  My  cultural  DNA  has  become  rather  complex.   This  is  a  typical  response  curve  to  stress.   It  also  applies  to  culture  shocks  
  • 21. 1.  ALARM   2.  RESISTANCE   3.  EXHAUSTION   DEATH   HOMEOSTASIS  HOMEOSTASIS   4.  RESTORATION   OF  HOMEOSTASIS   4.  RESTORATION   OF  HOMEOSTASIS   Luckily  it  rarely  leads  to  death.  
  • 22. Symptoms  of  Culture  Shock   •  Utopian  ideas  on  other  culture   •  Refusal  to  learn  the  language   •  Concerns  about  water  &  food   •  Concerns  about  being  robbed/cheated   •  Irritability  &  complaints   •  Staying  indoors   •  Fear  of  touching  local  people     List  of  symptoms  for  self-­‐diagnosis  
  • 23. THE WEST! THE REST! When  I  grew  up  I  thought  the  world  was  like  that  
  • 24. Culture  =  Language?   I  also  equated  culture  and  language  
  • 25. And  English  is  definitely  not  the  most  prevalent  
  • 26. Source:  Carroll  Quigley,  The  Evolu5on  of  Civiliza5ons:  An  Introduc5on  to  Historical  Analysis,  1979   Looking  at  civiliza5ons,  I  realized  I  knew  only  “Western”  
  • 27. Western! Latin American! African!Orthodox! Indian! Muslim! Japanese! Chinese! Major Civilizations: One Model! Buddhist! Source:  The  Clash  of  Civiliza5ons,  Samuel  Hun5ngton  
  • 28. Western  Culture?   •  Ancient  Greece  /  Rome   •  ChrisQanizaQon  (Jesus  from  Nazareth,  in  today’s  Israel)   •  Renaissance   •  European  empires   •  Experiments  with  enlightenment,  naturalism,   roman5cism,  science,  democracy,  socialism   Describing  “culture”  is  very  hard.  Here  is  one  way.  
  • 29. To  understand  real  mo5ves,  ask:   “What  do  you  mean?”   This  is  the  most  important  ques5on  to  ask  
  • 30. This  is  a  German  fes5val  
  • 31. How  about  in  China?   No  moon  cakes  in  Germany  
  • 34. Chaulafan  de  Pollo  (Ecuador)?   What  could  that  dish  be?  
  • 35. La5n-­‐style  Chinese  fried  rice!  (from  “chaofan”)  
  • 36. What  are  the  assump5ons  behind  the   word  “Contract”?   Words  are  treacherous:  what  is  implied  by  “contract”  can  vary  widely   (number  of  pages,  lawyers,  handshake?)  
  • 37. •  USA      “It  works”   •  Japan      “It’s  perfect”   •  Korea      “It’s  new”   •  China      “It  gives  me  status”   Source:  Clotaire  Rapaille,  Jean  K.  Min,  Benjamin  Joffe  
  • 38. Other  Important  Cases   Appointment   Friendship   Marriage   Contract   Da5ng   Fun   Beker  know  what  those  mean  in  the  mind  of   your  counterpart  before  moving  further  on!  
  • 39. QUIZ  WITH  NO  PRIZE!   •  Answer  this  quiz  and  I’ll  tell  you  my  experience  of   those  situa5ons.     1.  At  what  5me  do  you  show  up  for  a  home  party   at  8pm  in  France?   2.  When  is  the  cut-­‐off  5me  to  call  friends  in  Korea?   3.  Is  love  above  all  to  marry  in  Japan?   4.  How  omen  will  you  check  a  contract  amer  it’s   signed  in  China?   5.  Who  pays  the  bill  for  a  date  in  the  US?   6.  What  is  “Fun  to  do”  with  friends  in  Malaysia?  
  • 40. For  instance,  in  Japan…   “It  is  a  bit  difficult…”     ちょっと難しい。。。   …generally  means  no  
  • 41. PROBLEMS   1.  Learning  languages  takes  ages   2.  We  can’t  trust  words!   TRUST   DON’T  TRUST  
  • 42. Luckily…   WARNING:  ONLY  FOR  FEELINGS  &  ATTITUDE   Source:  Albert  Mehrabian,  "Decoding  of  Inconsistent  Communica5ons”,  1967   You  hear  this  a  lot,  but  very  few  checked  the  source.   It  only  applies  to  communica5ng  EMOTIONS.  
  • 43. My  Interests   Touch   Silence   Humor   Those  3  things  tell  a  lot  about  cultures  
  • 45. Touch  varies  with  cultures  &  situa5ons  
  • 46. Which  Angle?   In  Japan,  bowing  is  not  so  simple  
  • 47. TEPCO  employees  &  MANAGEMENT  visi5ng  people  to  apologize   for  Fukushima  disaster.  Also  bowing  in  front  of  the  media.   How  about  in  the  West?  
  • 48. (Benefit  of  Being  French)   The  first  kiss  is  free!  
  • 50. Unfortunately…     FRANCE     JAPAN     KOREA     CHINA   My  gree5ngs  got  all  mixed  up  from  living  in  low-­‐ touch  countries  with  different  gree5ng  styles.  
  • 51. High  Touch  vs.  Low  Touch   (Sidney  Jourard,  1966)   An  interes5ng  study  on  touch.  
  • 52. High  Touch   vs.  Low  Touch   •  USA    2x  /  30  min.   •  France  110x  /  30  min.   Source:  Touch  Study  by  Sidney  Jourard,  1966   Observing  couples  at  cafes  for  30  minutes  and  coun5ng  touches  
  • 53. Benefits  (?)   •  High-­‐touch  >  Low  violence?   •  Low-­‐touch  >  More  violence?   •  (Birthrate?)   Are  fist  bumps  enough?   Possibly  consequences  of  high-­‐touch  cultures  
  • 54. Touch  Zones   (Mark  Tomita,  2008)   Another  funky  study  on  touch  
  • 55. Touch  Zones   Source:  Touch  Study  by  Mark  Tomita,  2008   Males  among  Males  Females  with  Males   Green  =  ok,  yellow  =  it  depends,  red  =  no-­‐no.   Females  can  touch  males  (almost)  everywhere!   Males  barely  touch  each  other.  
  • 56. US-­‐Centric?   BUT  this  study  is  very  US-­‐centric!  
  • 57. Some  pictures  from  China,  Japan  and  Korea  
  • 58. Founder  of  gaming  startup  in  China   Korea’s  “Mark  Zuckerberg”   “Ondol”  water-­‐heated  Korean  floor   Broman5c  Asia  
  • 59. More  Disturbing!   This  is  a  long  story-­‐  let’s  just  say  Korea  is  very   generous  with  male  bonding  with  touch  
  • 61. What  can  silence  express?   SURVEY  
  • 62. (Silence)   •  Generally  uncomfortable   •  Some5mes  pregnant   •  Rarely  meaningful  
  • 63. In  Japan   Silence  Can  Express…   1.  Surprise   2.  Agreement  &  Disagreement   3.  Embarrassment   4.  Defiance   5.  Femininity   6.  Deference   7.  Effec5ve  wordless   communica5on   NOW  GO  FIGURE  IT  OUT  J  
  • 65. Mapping  Cultural  Values   1.  Money  /  Career  /  Financial  Success   2.  Family   3.  Society  /  Social  Link   4.  “Culture”  /  Knowledge   5.  Spirituality   This  is  a  model  I  am  working  on  
  • 66. 0   1   2   3   MONEY   FAMILY   SOCIAL  LINK  CULTURE   SPIRITUALITY   Tenta5ve  Mapping  (France)   Note:  This  is  a  personal  view  –  I  am  as  biased  as  the  next  guy!  
  • 67. Compa5bility  &  Culture  Clashes   •  France  /  USA   •  Korea  /  Japan   •  USA  /  China   •  Score  your  country!  
  • 68. Other  (poten5ally)  Interes5ng  Mapping   Comfort  with  /  Importance  of   Eye  Contact   Smile   Group   Nudity   Not  enough  material  quite  yet…   Death  
  • 73. Dealing  with  other  cultures  is  not   about  learning  “tricks”   Those  end  up  becoming  crutches  
  • 74. Checking  assump5ons   •  My  sugges5on:   – Assume  people  want  to  do  their  best  
  • 75. Understand  the  differences  when     •  Dealing  with  problems   •  Defini5on  &  percep5on  of  failure   •  Defini5on  &  percep5on  of  competence   •  Asking  for  help   •  Percep5on  of  authority  
  • 76. Keep  an  open  mind!   1.  Respect  silence   2.  Listen   3.  Reformulate   4.  Confirm