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7 ways to track lead-timePaulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroli
Agenda• Flow numbers at my bar• 7 Ways to track lead time• Q&A
Flow numbers at my bar
WIP• The number of bottles in the bar. Bottlesthat have been opened, but are not yetempty.
Lead time• The time between the bottle is added tothe bar and the bottle comes out of thebar (empty).
Cycle time• The time between two successive emptybottles leaving the bar
Throughput• The rate at which bottles are passing throughthe bar.
Batch size• The size of the bottles.
My bar…
I was really interested inmeasuring a whiskey bottleaverage lead time in my bar...
“The average number of workitems in a stable system is equalto their average completion rate,multiplied by their average t...
WIP = Throughput x Lead time
Please help me out...
Please help me out...
12 bottles...
an average of 6 bottles peryear…
?
What is the average lead timefor a bottle of whiskey?
(a) 2 months(b) 3 months(c) 6 months(d) 1 year(e) 2 yearsWhat is the average lead time fora bottle of whiskey?
WIP = Throughput x Lead time
WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead time
WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead timeLead time = 2 years
Little’s law math
WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead timeLead time = 2 years
WIP = Throughput x Lead time1
Visual repesentation for SWDevelopmemnt work...
Doing DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmy
Doing DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmyLead Time10 10Day 1Day 6
Write on card
Banana peal
Chickenpox
Story tracking graph
Little’s Law
Story Tracking
Little’s Law
Control Chart
Control Chart
Control Chart
Cummulative Flow Diagram
Doing(Limit) DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmyWIPLead Time
WIPLead Time
Lead TimeCumulative Flow Diagram
Let’s build these graphs together!61
Story #time
Lead timetime
Worktime
66Functionalitytime
67Functionalitytime
Story #time
timeLead time
Worktime
Worktime
72Functionalitytime
Story #time
timeLead time
Worktime
Worktime
77Functionalitytime4
Story #time
timeLead time
Worktime
Worktime
Agenda• Flow numbers at my bar• 7 Ways to track lead time• Q&A
WIP = Throughput x Lead time1
Little’s Law
Control Chart
Lead TimeCumulative Flow Diagram
7 Ways to track lead-timePaulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroli
Paulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroliThank you!Questions?feedback please: @paulocaroliwww....
Question / ExamplePlanned and Planning:velocity versus lead time92
93Functionality42882484Total Scope: 40Total Scope: 40
If all work could bestarted at the same time...94
Product Backlog95Functionalitytime
The team has 3 pairs of engineers,and dependent Stories(swim lanes)96
97time
98Functionalitytime
Now looking at Sprints99
100Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
101Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
Let’s go back in timeand compare planned and actual102
Planned103Functionality42882484Total Scope: 40 points1 Release of 3 sprintsExpected velocity:10 points for Sprint 115 poin...
104Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Velocity (planned)1015 15
105Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Velocity (planned)1015 15
106Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up (planned)102540
Actual...107
108Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
109Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
110Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Planned: 1010
111Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Finished: 6106
112Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up (planned)102540plannedactual6
That Sprint review meeting...113
114Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 382
115Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 31015 15618 16
116Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up102540624plannedactual
Using lead time instead...117
Story #time
Lead timetime
120Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
121Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
Story #time
timeLead time
124Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
Story #time
StimeLead time
127Functionalitytime4sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
Story #time
SMLtimeLead time
What about looking at the lead timenumbers instead of velocity?130
Planning131Functionality42882484Total Scope: 8 StoriesOn day 6 out of 15:3 Stories are done, 2 are inprogress; 3 to goAvg ...
Will we make it?Answer based on lead time: yes, weshould finish all stories by day 15132Answer based on velocity: we need ...
QuestionWhat about using lead time andestimates?133
You can get average per story size134
SMLSLMLMtimeLead time
SMLSLMLMtimeLead time
Or average for lead time (if you arealready over extimates)137
Control Chart
QuestionHow do i visualize cycle time?139
SMLSLMLMCycle timeCycle timetimeLead time
7 Ways To Track Lead-Time
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Business, Technology
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7 Ways To Track Lead-Time

Business, Technology
Jun. 14, 2013
6,514 views

Measuring lead time is important and is a key performance indicator (KPI) that every Agile team should track. Poor lead time causes bottlenecks in the team production flow, inefficiencies, delay costs, not to mention unhappy customers. Come to this session to discuss with others how to track and monitor improvement on lead time.

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7 Ways To Track Lead-Time

  1. 1. 7 ways to track lead-timePaulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroli
  2. 2. Agenda• Flow numbers at my bar• 7 Ways to track lead time• Q&A
  3. 3. Flow numbers at my bar
  4. 4. WIP• The number of bottles in the bar. Bottlesthat have been opened, but are not yetempty.
  5. 5. Lead time• The time between the bottle is added tothe bar and the bottle comes out of thebar (empty).
  6. 6. Cycle time• The time between two successive emptybottles leaving the bar
  7. 7. Throughput• The rate at which bottles are passing throughthe bar.
  8. 8. Batch size• The size of the bottles.
  9. 9. My bar…
  10. 10. I was really interested inmeasuring a whiskey bottleaverage lead time in my bar...
  11. 11. “The average number of workitems in a stable system is equalto their average completion rate,multiplied by their average timein the system.”John Little, 1961
  12. 12. WIP = Throughput x Lead time
  13. 13. Please help me out...
  14. 14. Please help me out...
  15. 15. 12 bottles...
  16. 16. an average of 6 bottles peryear…
  17. 17. ?
  18. 18. What is the average lead timefor a bottle of whiskey?
  19. 19. (a) 2 months(b) 3 months(c) 6 months(d) 1 year(e) 2 yearsWhat is the average lead time fora bottle of whiskey?
  20. 20. WIP = Throughput x Lead time
  21. 21. WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead time
  22. 22. WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead timeLead time = 2 years
  23. 23. Little’s law math
  24. 24. WIP = Throughput x Lead time12 b= 6 b / year x Lead timeLead time = 2 years
  25. 25. WIP = Throughput x Lead time1
  26. 26. Visual repesentation for SWDevelopmemnt work...
  27. 27. Doing DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmy
  28. 28. Doing DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmyLead Time10 10Day 1Day 6
  29. 29. Write on card
  30. 30. Banana peal
  31. 31. Chickenpox
  32. 32. Story tracking graph
  33. 33. Little’s Law
  34. 34. Story Tracking
  35. 35. Little’s Law
  36. 36. Control Chart
  37. 37. Control Chart
  38. 38. Control Chart
  39. 39. Cummulative Flow Diagram
  40. 40. Doing(Limit) DoneTo Do105931181721475112JohnSuzyPaulAmyWIPLead Time
  41. 41. WIPLead Time
  42. 42. Lead TimeCumulative Flow Diagram
  43. 43. Let’s build these graphs together!61
  44. 44. Story #time
  45. 45. Lead timetime
  46. 46. Worktime
  47. 47. 66Functionalitytime
  48. 48. 67Functionalitytime
  49. 49. Story #time
  50. 50. timeLead time
  51. 51. Worktime
  52. 52. Worktime
  53. 53. 72Functionalitytime
  54. 54. Story #time
  55. 55. timeLead time
  56. 56. Worktime
  57. 57. Worktime
  58. 58. 77Functionalitytime4
  59. 59. Story #time
  60. 60. timeLead time
  61. 61. Worktime
  62. 62. Worktime
  63. 63. Agenda• Flow numbers at my bar• 7 Ways to track lead time• Q&A
  64. 64. WIP = Throughput x Lead time1
  65. 65. Little’s Law
  66. 66. Control Chart
  67. 67. Lead TimeCumulative Flow Diagram
  68. 68. 7 Ways to track lead-timePaulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroli
  69. 69. Paulo Caroli Agile Coachpcaroli@thoughtworks.comTwitter: @paulocaroliThank you!Questions?feedback please: @paulocaroliwww.OptimizingTheFlow.com
  70. 70. Question / ExamplePlanned and Planning:velocity versus lead time92
  71. 71. 93Functionality42882484Total Scope: 40Total Scope: 40
  72. 72. If all work could bestarted at the same time...94
  73. 73. Product Backlog95Functionalitytime
  74. 74. The team has 3 pairs of engineers,and dependent Stories(swim lanes)96
  75. 75. 97time
  76. 76. 98Functionalitytime
  77. 77. Now looking at Sprints99
  78. 78. 100Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  79. 79. 101Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  80. 80. Let’s go back in timeand compare planned and actual102
  81. 81. Planned103Functionality42882484Total Scope: 40 points1 Release of 3 sprintsExpected velocity:10 points for Sprint 115 points for Sprint 2 and 3Total Scope: 40 points1 Release of 3 sprintsExpected velocity:10 points for Sprint 115 points for Sprint 2 and 3
  82. 82. 104Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Velocity (planned)1015 15
  83. 83. 105Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Velocity (planned)1015 15
  84. 84. 106Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up (planned)102540
  85. 85. Actual...107
  86. 86. 108Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  87. 87. 109Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  88. 88. 110Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Planned: 1010
  89. 89. 111Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Finished: 6106
  90. 90. 112Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up (planned)102540plannedactual6
  91. 91. That Sprint review meeting...113
  92. 92. 114Functionalitytime42sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 382
  93. 93. 115Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 31015 15618 16
  94. 94. 116Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3Burn Up102540624plannedactual
  95. 95. Using lead time instead...117
  96. 96. Story #time
  97. 97. Lead timetime
  98. 98. 120Functionalitytime42882484sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  99. 99. 121Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  100. 100. Story #time
  101. 101. timeLead time
  102. 102. 124Functionalitytimesp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  103. 103. Story #time
  104. 104. StimeLead time
  105. 105. 127Functionalitytime4sp 1sp 1 sp 2sp 2 sp 3sp 3
  106. 106. Story #time
  107. 107. SMLtimeLead time
  108. 108. What about looking at the lead timenumbers instead of velocity?130
  109. 109. Planning131Functionality42882484Total Scope: 8 StoriesOn day 6 out of 15:3 Stories are done, 2 are inprogress; 3 to goAvg lead time = 5 days andthe team work on 3 stories inparallelTotal Scope: 8 StoriesOn day 6 out of 15:3 Stories are done, 2 are inprogress; 3 to goAvg lead time = 5 days andthe team work on 3 stories inparalleldoneInprogressnext
  110. 110. Will we make it?Answer based on lead time: yes, weshould finish all stories by day 15132Answer based on velocity: we need to increate theteam velocity, otherwise we will not finish all 40story points by day 15vs.
  111. 111. QuestionWhat about using lead time andestimates?133
  112. 112. You can get average per story size134
  113. 113. SMLSLMLMtimeLead time
  114. 114. SMLSLMLMtimeLead time
  115. 115. Or average for lead time (if you arealready over extimates)137
  116. 116. Control Chart
  117. 117. QuestionHow do i visualize cycle time?139
  118. 118. SMLSLMLMCycle timeCycle timetimeLead time

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Measuring lead time is important and is a key performance indicator (KPI) that every Agile team should track. Poor lead time causes bottlenecks in the team production flow, inefficiencies, delay costs, not to mention unhappy customers. Come to this session to discuss with others how to track and monitor improvement on lead time.

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