From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources; Practical examples of producing and using Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)

Paul Cripps
Paul CrippsArchaeogeomancer at Archaeogeomancy
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
From interoperable to
interoperating Geosemantic
resources
Paul Cripps
University of South Wales,
Trefforest, UK
• Hypermedia Research Group
• Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) Research Group
Archaeogeomancy, Salisbury, UK
http://gstar.archaeogeomancy.net/
PracticalexamplesofproducingandusingLinked
GeospatialData(LGD)
Douglas Tudhope
University of South Wales,
Trefforest, UK
• Hypermedia Research Group
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Introduction
• Background
• Geospatial Semantics
• Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)
• LGD for Archaeological Research
• GSTAR
• Producing LGD
• Using LGD
• Case Study:
• Colonisation of Britain
• Case Study:
• CRMEHgeo
• Interoperable
• Interoperating
Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Geospatial Semantics
• “…research area combining Geographic
Information Science (GIScience), spatial
databases, cognitive science, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and the Semantic Web”
• Janowicz, K. et al., 2012.
• Concept of Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)
as means of expressing spatial
information
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Linked Geospatial Data
• LD including spatial components
• Various forms, methods, approaches:
• Suit different use cases
• ‘Simple’ database, textual, LD approaches
• More complex GIS driven approaches
• Major research area
• W3C + OGC collaboration
• Semantic Web / Linked Data community
• Geospatial community
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Linked Geospatial Data
• Simple LGD:
• Placenames
• Gazetteers
• eg Plaiedes, Geonames, Ordnance Survey
• Leverage Linked Data approaches
• Coordinates ie point locations
• Numbers, text
• Leverage numeric approaches
• Mapping as points, markers
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Linked Geospatial Data
• Advanced LGD:
• Geometries
• points, lines, polygons,
donuts, etc
• Relations & Functions
• eg Within, Contains,
Intersects
• eg Buffer
• Coordinate Reference
Systems (CRS)
• Transformations &
Projections
• Implement OGC
standards
• WKT, GML, Simple
Features
• Implement W3C
standards
• XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL,
SPARQL
• New OGC+W3C
standards
• GeoSPARQL
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
LGD for Archaeological Research
• Real-world Archaeological Research
Questions can be complex:
• “Show me a distribution density plot for each
Parish in my Study Area of all object records by
type from prehistoric sites of type barrow
within 500m of a higher than average density
of worked flint”
• Currently not easy to do…
• Disparate sources, including Linked Data
• Semantic, Numeric, Spatial
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
GSTAR
• GeoSemantic Technologies for
Archaeological Research
• Doctoral research project
• Due for completion April 2016
• Building on:
• core CIDOC CRM
• CRMEH extension
• GeoSPARQL
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
GSTAR
• Investigating:
• Production of Linked (Geospatial) Data
• Working with Linked (Geospatial) Data
• For Archaeological research purposes
• Use cases:
• Archaeological research scenarios (academic,
commercial, etc)
• How can LGD support real-world research processes?
• Using range of data from UK institutions
• Wiltshire Museums, Wiltshire Historic Environment
Record, English Heritage, Wessex Archaeology,
Archaeology Data Service
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
GSTAR
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Producing LGD
• Leverage existing ontologies:
• To add place identifiers
• Placenames, UIDs, Coordinates
• CIDOC CRM: Place Appellation identifies Place
• To add depictions
• Geometries
• GeoSPARQL: Feature has Geometry (asWKT,
asGML)
• CSV, rDBMS, shp, gdb, xml pipelines
•  RDF, Turtle
•  Triplestore
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Using LGD
• Growing number of tools, platforms
• Data storage
• Processing
• Visualisation
• Spatially enabled triple stores
• eg Parliament, Oracle, etc
• Web Services to handle data
• Libraries for processing, conversions,
parsing, mapping, etc
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Using LGD – query
• Query using SPARQL
• Query using GeoSPARQL
• Extension of SPARQL; same syntax
• Compliant endpoints
• Wrappers, APIs, etc
• Maps!
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Using LGD – results
• Very flexible; many options
• Not always so straightforward…
• Bigger Toolbox: LD stack + FOSS webgis
stack
• Ontologies, Java, Jena, Joseki/Fuseki, GeoTools, Jetty,
Parliament, OpenLayers, GeoServer, etc
• RDF, JSON, XML, etc for use in applications
• Use XSLT/HTML/CSS/PHP etc
• Text, tables, images, etc
• Use WFS/GML/WKT/GeoJSON etc
• Web Maps
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Using LGD - GSTAR
• Working GeoSPARQL endpoint!
• Parliament
• Source data Linked Geospatial Data
• Interoperating geosemantic resources
• Ongoing: Building web page to house a
querying/browsing/results interface
• Linked Data widgets from HeritageData.org
• Map based interface
• Visualisations
• Capture query polygon  GeoSPARQL query
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CASE STUDY
Colonisation of Britain
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Colonisation of Britain
• Digitisation project
• Undertaken by Wessex Archaeology
• Funded by English Heritage
• Deposited with Archaeology Data Service
• Linked Data component
• Outputs represented as Linked Data
• Uses CIDOC CRM
• Now online at ADS
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Colonisation of Britain - geo
• Names of Places
• UK administrative areas
• Parish, County
• Incorporates Ordnance Survey Open
Data
• Processed using Open Refine + OS API
• Potential to extend further by adding
GeoSPARQL nodes
• eg to add actual Parish boundaries
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
ColonisationofBritainLinkedData
Wessex Archaeology, Archaeology Data Service
Linked Data resource built using STELLAR Toolkit including Ordnance Survey Open Data
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CASE STUDY
CRMEHgeo
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CRMEHgeo
• Integration of CRMEH + GeoSPARQL
• Uses RDFS subClass & subProperty
• CRMEH classes inherit from CIDOC CRM &
GeoSPARQL
• Basic, lightweight solution cf eg CRMgeo
• But more limited in scope
• Can also be applied to parent CRM
classes
• Integration of CIDOC CRM + GeoSPARQL
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CRMEHgeo
crmeh:EHE0007 Context crmeh:EHE0022 ContextDepiction
crmeh:EHP4i is depicted by
geo:Feature geo:hasGeometry
rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf
sf:Polygon
rdfs:isA
Instance of
WKT
Literal
geo:asWKT
RDFS GeoSPARQLSimple FeaturesCRMEH
crm:E53 Place
crm:E44 Place
Appellation
crm:p87 is
identified by
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subClassOf
CIDOC CRM
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CRMEHgeo
• Applied to source data for GSTAR
• Sources  QGIS, STELLAR Toolkit  Parliament
• Museum Collections
• MODES  XML  RDF + WKT
• Historic Environment Records
• HBSMR  Esri GDB, MS Access  RDF + WKT
• Commercial Archaeology Unit
• Databases/GIS  Txt, MS Access, Shp  RDF +
WKT
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CRMEHgeo
• Process designed for GSTAR
• Compilation of LGD resource to answer PhD
research questions
• Wider applicability
• Source repo  STELLAR etc  LGD repo
• Entirely FOSS
• Scriptable, batchable
• Potential route to enable existing
resources…?
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
CONCLUSIONS
From Interoperable to Interoperating
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Interoperable
• Include CoB data in OS web map apps
• eg Distribution plans: display artefact
densities by administrative area
• eg Location plans: show in resources regarding
artefact types where examples have been
found
• Data is online, licensed & accessible
• So interoperable
• no tech, political barriers to interoperating…
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Interoperating
• GSTAR Demonstrator (in development)
• Data Layer complete
• Application Layers in progress
• Present a range of queries relating actual
use cases:
• Real world research questions
• Input from domain specialists
• Integrate multiple sources
• Inference: generation of relationships using spatial
components of sources
• Query via web map
• Present data via web map
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Interoperating
• Investigating
archaeological research
questions
• Start with questions:
• eg Show me a distribution
density plot for each Parish
in Study Area of all object
records by object type from
prehistoric sites of type
barrow within 500m of a
higher than average density
of worked flint
• Express as Queries
• GeoSPARQL
• Visualise results, think, do
• Integration of cultural
heritage resources:
• Object Records from
Museum Collection
• Site location, dating and
classification from HER
• Fieldwalking data from
commercial contractor
• User Generated input
• Spatial operators
• Numeric operators
• Sources
• Web mapping APIs,
Linked Data APIs
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Interoperating
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
Acknowledgements
• Thanks to:
• University of South Wales – funding, supervision, advice
• Archaeology Data Service – data from their archives
• Wessex Archaeology – data, photographs and images
• Wiltshire Council – access to the Historic Environment Record
(HER) data
• Wiltshire Museums – access to museum collections data
• Personal thanks
• Supervisors/Advisors: Doug Tudhope, Mark Ware, Alex Lohfink
• Research group: Ceri Binding, Andreas Vlachidis, Keith May
• Peers and colleagues: Michael Charno, Chris Brayne, Gerald
Heibel, David Dawson
• Image Credit
• Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD
GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015
fin
• paul.cripps@southwales.ac.uk
• paul@archaeogeomancy.net
• @pauljcripps
• gstar.archaeogeomancy.net
• hypermedia.research.southwales.ac.uk
• gis.research.southwales.ac.uk
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From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources; Practical examples of producing and using Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)

  • 1. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources Paul Cripps University of South Wales, Trefforest, UK • Hypermedia Research Group • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Research Group Archaeogeomancy, Salisbury, UK http://gstar.archaeogeomancy.net/ PracticalexamplesofproducingandusingLinked GeospatialData(LGD) Douglas Tudhope University of South Wales, Trefforest, UK • Hypermedia Research Group
  • 2. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Introduction • Background • Geospatial Semantics • Linked Geospatial Data (LGD) • LGD for Archaeological Research • GSTAR • Producing LGD • Using LGD • Case Study: • Colonisation of Britain • Case Study: • CRMEHgeo • Interoperable • Interoperating Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD
  • 3. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Geospatial Semantics • “…research area combining Geographic Information Science (GIScience), spatial databases, cognitive science, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Semantic Web” • Janowicz, K. et al., 2012. • Concept of Linked Geospatial Data (LGD) as means of expressing spatial information
  • 4. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Linked Geospatial Data • LD including spatial components • Various forms, methods, approaches: • Suit different use cases • ‘Simple’ database, textual, LD approaches • More complex GIS driven approaches • Major research area • W3C + OGC collaboration • Semantic Web / Linked Data community • Geospatial community
  • 5. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Linked Geospatial Data • Simple LGD: • Placenames • Gazetteers • eg Plaiedes, Geonames, Ordnance Survey • Leverage Linked Data approaches • Coordinates ie point locations • Numbers, text • Leverage numeric approaches • Mapping as points, markers
  • 6. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Linked Geospatial Data • Advanced LGD: • Geometries • points, lines, polygons, donuts, etc • Relations & Functions • eg Within, Contains, Intersects • eg Buffer • Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) • Transformations & Projections • Implement OGC standards • WKT, GML, Simple Features • Implement W3C standards • XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL • New OGC+W3C standards • GeoSPARQL
  • 7. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 LGD for Archaeological Research • Real-world Archaeological Research Questions can be complex: • “Show me a distribution density plot for each Parish in my Study Area of all object records by type from prehistoric sites of type barrow within 500m of a higher than average density of worked flint” • Currently not easy to do… • Disparate sources, including Linked Data • Semantic, Numeric, Spatial
  • 8. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 GSTAR • GeoSemantic Technologies for Archaeological Research • Doctoral research project • Due for completion April 2016 • Building on: • core CIDOC CRM • CRMEH extension • GeoSPARQL
  • 9. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 GSTAR • Investigating: • Production of Linked (Geospatial) Data • Working with Linked (Geospatial) Data • For Archaeological research purposes • Use cases: • Archaeological research scenarios (academic, commercial, etc) • How can LGD support real-world research processes? • Using range of data from UK institutions • Wiltshire Museums, Wiltshire Historic Environment Record, English Heritage, Wessex Archaeology, Archaeology Data Service
  • 10. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 GSTAR
  • 11. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Producing LGD • Leverage existing ontologies: • To add place identifiers • Placenames, UIDs, Coordinates • CIDOC CRM: Place Appellation identifies Place • To add depictions • Geometries • GeoSPARQL: Feature has Geometry (asWKT, asGML) • CSV, rDBMS, shp, gdb, xml pipelines •  RDF, Turtle •  Triplestore
  • 12. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Using LGD • Growing number of tools, platforms • Data storage • Processing • Visualisation • Spatially enabled triple stores • eg Parliament, Oracle, etc • Web Services to handle data • Libraries for processing, conversions, parsing, mapping, etc
  • 13. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Using LGD – query • Query using SPARQL • Query using GeoSPARQL • Extension of SPARQL; same syntax • Compliant endpoints • Wrappers, APIs, etc • Maps!
  • 14. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Using LGD – results • Very flexible; many options • Not always so straightforward… • Bigger Toolbox: LD stack + FOSS webgis stack • Ontologies, Java, Jena, Joseki/Fuseki, GeoTools, Jetty, Parliament, OpenLayers, GeoServer, etc • RDF, JSON, XML, etc for use in applications • Use XSLT/HTML/CSS/PHP etc • Text, tables, images, etc • Use WFS/GML/WKT/GeoJSON etc • Web Maps
  • 15. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Using LGD - GSTAR • Working GeoSPARQL endpoint! • Parliament • Source data Linked Geospatial Data • Interoperating geosemantic resources • Ongoing: Building web page to house a querying/browsing/results interface • Linked Data widgets from HeritageData.org • Map based interface • Visualisations • Capture query polygon  GeoSPARQL query
  • 16. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CASE STUDY Colonisation of Britain
  • 17. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Colonisation of Britain • Digitisation project • Undertaken by Wessex Archaeology • Funded by English Heritage • Deposited with Archaeology Data Service • Linked Data component • Outputs represented as Linked Data • Uses CIDOC CRM • Now online at ADS
  • 18. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Colonisation of Britain - geo • Names of Places • UK administrative areas • Parish, County • Incorporates Ordnance Survey Open Data • Processed using Open Refine + OS API • Potential to extend further by adding GeoSPARQL nodes • eg to add actual Parish boundaries
  • 19. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 ColonisationofBritainLinkedData Wessex Archaeology, Archaeology Data Service Linked Data resource built using STELLAR Toolkit including Ordnance Survey Open Data
  • 20. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CASE STUDY CRMEHgeo
  • 21. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CRMEHgeo • Integration of CRMEH + GeoSPARQL • Uses RDFS subClass & subProperty • CRMEH classes inherit from CIDOC CRM & GeoSPARQL • Basic, lightweight solution cf eg CRMgeo • But more limited in scope • Can also be applied to parent CRM classes • Integration of CIDOC CRM + GeoSPARQL
  • 22. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CRMEHgeo crmeh:EHE0007 Context crmeh:EHE0022 ContextDepiction crmeh:EHP4i is depicted by geo:Feature geo:hasGeometry rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf sf:Polygon rdfs:isA Instance of WKT Literal geo:asWKT RDFS GeoSPARQLSimple FeaturesCRMEH crm:E53 Place crm:E44 Place Appellation crm:p87 is identified by rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subClassOf CIDOC CRM
  • 23. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CRMEHgeo • Applied to source data for GSTAR • Sources  QGIS, STELLAR Toolkit  Parliament • Museum Collections • MODES  XML  RDF + WKT • Historic Environment Records • HBSMR  Esri GDB, MS Access  RDF + WKT • Commercial Archaeology Unit • Databases/GIS  Txt, MS Access, Shp  RDF + WKT
  • 24. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CRMEHgeo • Process designed for GSTAR • Compilation of LGD resource to answer PhD research questions • Wider applicability • Source repo  STELLAR etc  LGD repo • Entirely FOSS • Scriptable, batchable • Potential route to enable existing resources…?
  • 25. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 CONCLUSIONS From Interoperable to Interoperating
  • 26. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Interoperable • Include CoB data in OS web map apps • eg Distribution plans: display artefact densities by administrative area • eg Location plans: show in resources regarding artefact types where examples have been found • Data is online, licensed & accessible • So interoperable • no tech, political barriers to interoperating…
  • 27. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Interoperating • GSTAR Demonstrator (in development) • Data Layer complete • Application Layers in progress • Present a range of queries relating actual use cases: • Real world research questions • Input from domain specialists • Integrate multiple sources • Inference: generation of relationships using spatial components of sources • Query via web map • Present data via web map
  • 28. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Interoperating • Investigating archaeological research questions • Start with questions: • eg Show me a distribution density plot for each Parish in Study Area of all object records by object type from prehistoric sites of type barrow within 500m of a higher than average density of worked flint • Express as Queries • GeoSPARQL • Visualise results, think, do • Integration of cultural heritage resources: • Object Records from Museum Collection • Site location, dating and classification from HER • Fieldwalking data from commercial contractor • User Generated input • Spatial operators • Numeric operators • Sources • Web mapping APIs, Linked Data APIs
  • 29. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Interoperating
  • 30. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 Acknowledgements • Thanks to: • University of South Wales – funding, supervision, advice • Archaeology Data Service – data from their archives • Wessex Archaeology – data, photographs and images • Wiltshire Council – access to the Historic Environment Record (HER) data • Wiltshire Museums – access to museum collections data • Personal thanks • Supervisors/Advisors: Doug Tudhope, Mark Ware, Alex Lohfink • Research group: Ceri Binding, Andreas Vlachidis, Keith May • Peers and colleagues: Michael Charno, Chris Brayne, Gerald Heibel, David Dawson • Image Credit • Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD
  • 31. GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015 fin • paul.cripps@southwales.ac.uk • paul@archaeogeomancy.net • @pauljcripps • gstar.archaeogeomancy.net • hypermedia.research.southwales.ac.uk • gis.research.southwales.ac.uk