Arnold sew 140425

Open Education in Europe –
Social Innovation for Learning, Teaching and Training?
Patricia Arnold
Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Social Europe Days 2014, Leuwen, 25.04.2014

Social Europe Days 2014
Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
1. Introduction: Open Education in Europe
2. MOOC Mania
3. Open Education Resources
4. Showcase: COER13 – A MOOC on OER
5. Conclusions: Open Education as Social Innovation?
Structure

Meeting your lecturer
Website: http://patriciaarnold.wikispaces.com
Slides:

Meeting your audience
Who studies HRM / who
social work?
Who knows what a MOOC is?
Who has participated in a
MOOC or knows someone
who has?
Who has come across the term „Open
Educational Resources“ (OER)

Meeting the topic I
“The European Commission launched Open Education Europa in September 2013
as part of the Opening up Education Initiative to provide a single gateway to European OER.”
http://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/about_this_portal , 2014-04-20

Meeting the topic II
Source: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-859_en.htm , 2014-04-20

Meeting the topic II
Action Plan: “Opening Up Education” (09/2013)
 “A joint initiative led by Androulla Vassiliou, Commissioner for Education,
Culture, Multilingualism and Youth, and Neelie Kroes, Commission Vice-
President, responsible for the Digital Agenda, Opening up Education
focuses on three main areas:
 Creating opportunities for organisations, teachers and learners to innovate;
 Increased use of Open Educational Resources (OER), ensuring that
educational materials produced with public funding are available to all; and
 Better ICT infrastructure and connectivity in schools.”
 Background: “90% of jobs by 2020 will require high quality education and
the digital skills”
 http://prezi.com/8ei8snj8tqrc/opening-up-education/
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-859_en.htm

• 2,600,000 results with Google-Search (2014-04-20)
• Horizon Report 2013 identified Massive Open
Online Courses (MOOCS) as technology
innovation within 1 year
• New York Times: „2012 The Year of the MOOC“
(Pappano 2012)
• More than 500 European MOOCs listed in Portal
Open Education
„MOOC – Mania“
http://www.nmc.org/publications/2013-
horizon-report-higher-ed

„MOOCs in Europe
Source: ana carla pereira 12. November 2013, http://prezi.com/8ei8snj8tqrc/opening-up-education/

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
„MOOCs verfolgen das Ziel, hochqualitative Online-Kurse in
großem Maßstab unabhängig von Standort und Vorbildung der
Teilnehmenden anzubieten und werden aufgrund ihrer hohen
Sichtbarkeit und ihres Potentials, eine bisher unvorstellbare
Zahl von Lernenden zu erreichen, mit großem Enthusiasmus
angenommen“
Horizon Report 2013, 12
Online Kurse mit Tausenden von Teilnehmenden!

„X-MOOCs“: Ivy League für alle?
11
German MOOC Competition by
Stifterverbands für die Deutsche
Wissenschaft & iversity 2013
https://iversity.org/

• M Massive = up to 160.000 participants
• O Open = Open Source, Open Learning
• O Online = fully internet-based
• C Course = educational as a course with start, end , video lectures and
assignment
• Term MOOCs was coined in 2008, by George Siemens („connectivism“) und
Stephen Downes
• First MOOCs were cMOOCs (c=connectivism):
• Focus on participants‘ contributions
• MOOCs got famous in 2011 through xMOOCs (x= extension) :
• Teacher-centerd, instruction design, video lectures (differentiation according to
Daniel 2012)
• A typical MOOC has ~ 20.000 participants and 5-10% complete the course
(Sharples et al. 2013)
MOOCs im Überblick

„X-MOOCs“: Ivy League für alle?
14
source
October 2012
1/2014: 127
Kurse
1/2014: 33
Kurse
1/2014: 585
Kurse

Discussion 1
• Interested in participating in a MOOC?
• Where do you see challenges and benefits?
• In which contexts can you imagine a MOOC offer?

What are Open Educational Resources? I
h
“digitized materials offered freely and openly for educators, students
and self-learners to use and re-use for teaching, learning and research”
(Hylen 2006, 1)
 Open Access
 Open Licence
 Open Format
 Open Software
 Reuse
 Revise
 Remix
 Redistribute
Source: OER Logo 2012 CC-BY J. Mello
UNESCO 2002
UNESCO 2012
Paris OER Declaration

What are Open Educational Resources? II
Source: OECD 2007

What are Open Educational Resources? III
Source:
SURF
2012, 4

Discussion 2
• What are the benefits of OER? (for learners, for
teachers & trainers, for organizations)?
• What are the challenges of OER (for learners, for
teachers & trainers, for organisations)?

Slow uptake of OER in Germany
 OER uptake in Germany is lagging behind
(Ebner & Schön 2011, Arnold 2012),
 Many controversial issues: copyright, business
cases, etc.
 OECD Survey 2011 (Hylen et al. 2012)
 “Germany was the only country [out of 28] who
responded that the OER issue is not expected
to become a policy priority in the near future”.

From the video: What is"COER13" and who runs it with what sort of ideas (in German)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=xqfAohcsSec#!
 “One can’t believe impossible things.”
 “I daresay you haven’t had much practice,” said
the Queen. “When I was your age I always did it
for half-an-hour a day. Why, sometimes I’ve
believed as many as six impossible things
before breakfast.”
 Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in
Wonderland
OER – or to believe impossible things?
Source: OER Logo 2012 CC-BY J. Mello
(Inspired by: http://www.21stcenturyschools.com/what_is_21st_century_education.htm)

#COER13: A MOOC on OER April – June 2013
http://www.coer13.de
/

8 partners with diverse organizational affiliations –
dedicated to the OER cause
• E-teaching.org
• TU Graz, L3T
• University Tübingen
• Munich University of
Applied Sciences
• OER Services
• BIMS e.V, L3T
Patricia Arnold
Johannes
Moskaliuk
Andreas LinkSimone HaugMartin Ebner
Anne ThillosenSandra Schön
Markus
Schmidt
The team of convenors of COER13

COER13 – to realize the impossible PROGRAM
• Starting Week: What are OER?
• Unit 1: Looking for and finding OER
• Unit 2: Producing OER oneself
• Unit 3: OER Use cases
• Unit 4: Business plans & financing OER
• Unit 5: OER at schools and in higher education
• Closing Week: Looking back & what‘s next?

COER13 – educational design
• Community-oriented MOOC (cMOOC) i.e.
participants‘ contributions were considered to
be an integral part of the course
• Free and open, i.e. no prerequisites for
participating / run entirely online
• Variety of communication channels: website,
newsletter, forum – twitter, blogs –
aggregated via #COER13 – emerging social
network groups

COER13 – structure
• Structured course with 1-2 online events
per unit
• Instructional videos or presentations &
reading material for each unit

• One practical assignment per unit
• Assessment via online badges on two
levels (hOERer, wOERker)
COER13 – assessment

COER13 – in numbers
• 1090 registered participants (15% students)
• Instructional videos/ 10 registered Online-Events
• 673 forum postings / 316 Blog posts / 2.247 Tweets from 336 people
• 105 participants in emergent Facebook COER13-group / COER13 discussion in OER
Google+ group
• 612 new tags at edutags
• OER-Wiki, 2 OER apps, several presentations, posters, summaries
• As of 04.09.2013 - Details unter http://prezi.com/52xrza0rsgfw/coer13/#share_embed

COER13 – participation online events

COER13 – participantsProfessional Background Number %
Higher ed lecturer 83 21%
teacher 89 22%
Support staff 91 23%
students 61 15%
Professional development/ adult education 80 20%
Corporate staff 31 7%
freelance 72 18%
pupils 1 0,26%
retired 8 2%
N = 426 | n = 391 | sys-missing = 35
COER13 – participants’ background

COER13 – in numbers
• From 89 participants striving for an
online badge 56 actually obtained
badges:
• 29 hOERer / 27 wOERker

Discussion 3
• Open Education in Europe – a social innovation for
learning, teaching and training?

Conclusions
 Potentially great impact on
education in Europe
 Still many hurdles to overcome
and further research needed
 “The key question here is
whether our higher education
institutions and individual
instructors can afford to adopt
a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude in the
light of these [OER and OEP]
movements. Asking that
question in fact amounts to
answering it!
Didderen & Verjans (2012, 15)
Cheating Sheet on OER

Thank you very much…
…..for your attention!
Contact:
Prof. Dr. Patricia Arnold
Munich University of Applied Sciences
arnold@hm.edu
http://patriciaarnold.wikispaces.com/

References
 Hylén, J. et al. (2012), “Open Educational Resources: Analysis of Responses to the OECD Country
Questionnaire”, OECD Education Working Papers , No. 76, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k990rjhvtlv-en
 Arnold, P. (2012). “Open Educational Resources: The Way to Go, or ‘Mission Impossible’ in (German)
Higher Education?” In: Stillman, L.; Denision, T.; Sabiescu, A. & Memarovic, N. (Eds.): CIRN 2012
Community Informatics Conference: “Ideals meet Reality”. Monash: CD-ROM.
 Brown, J. S. & Adler, Richard P. (2008). “Minds on Fire: Open Education, the Long Tail and Learning 2.0”.
In: Educause Review, Vol. 43, Nr. 1, 16-32.
 Daniel, J. (2012). “Making Sense of MOOCs: Musings in a Maze of Myth, Paradox and Possibility”. In
Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 3. http://www-jime.open.ac.uk/jime/article/viewArticle/2012-
18/html (2013-09-01).
 Ebner, M. & Schön, S. (2011). “Offene Bildungsressourcen: Frei zugänglich und einsetzbar”. In K. Wilbers
& A. Hohenstein (Eds.). Handbuch E-Learning. Expertenwissen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis – Strategien,
Instrumente, Fallstudien. (Nr. 7-15). Köln: Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst (Wolters Kluwer Deutschland), 39.
Erg.-Lfg. Oktober 2011, 1-14.
 Geser, G. (Ed.) (2007). Open educational Practices and Resources. OLCOS Roadmap 2012. Salzburg:
Salzburg Research/EduMedia Group. http://www.olcos.org/cms/upload/docs/olcos_roadmap.pdf (2012-10-
01)
 COER13 website:www.coer13.de
 Slides based partially COER13 slides BY COER123 Team and prezi-presentation by Markus Schmidt ( CC
BY)

Arnold sew 140425

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