Concentration techniques for feacal examination
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The document discusses techniques for stool examination including qualitative and quantitative methods. For qualitative examination, simple smear and Kato-Katz techniques are described. Quantitative methods include Stoll's dilution egg count and Kato-Katz technique. The Kato-Katz technique involves pressing a fixed amount of stool (typically 41.7 mg) through a cellophane filter, then examining the filter under a microscope to identify and count parasites. Concentration techniques like sedimentation, flotation in brine, sugar solution, or zinc sulfate are used to detect parasites that may otherwise be missed on direct smear.
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Concentration techniques for feacal examination
- 1. Panupong Sahaisook Division of Parasitology Faculty of Medical technology
- 2. Stool specimen fresh preserved direct smear preserved - concentration - permanent stain
- 3. Stool examination Qualitative technique Quantitative technique - Direct smear method of Beaver - Stoll’s dilution egg count - Kato-Katz technique Unconcentration technique Concentration technique - Simple smear Flotation technique - Brine flotation - Sugar flotation - Zinc-sulfate flotation Sedimentation technique - Simple sedimentation - Centrifugal sedimentation - Formalin-ether concentration technique
- 4. • wet smear
- 5. • Sedimentation techniques – • Flotation techniques –
- 6. Stool examination Qualitative technique Quantitative technique - Direct smear method of Beaver - Stoll’s dilution egg count - Kato-Katz technique Unconcentration technique Concentration technique - Simple smear Flotation technique - Brine flotation - Sugar flotation - Zinc-sulfate flotation Sedimentation technique - Simple sedimentation - Centrifugal sedimentation - Formalin-ether concentration technique
- 7. • Simple sedimentation • Centrifugal sedimentation • Formalin-ether technique concentration
- 8. 1. - g - ml 2. ml centrifuge tube NSS 10 ml 3. - tube NSS
- 10. NSS 10 ml Simple sedimentation ml Centrifuge tube 2 ml + NSS 10 ml
- 13. 1. - g - NSS ml 2. centrifuge tube ml NSS 10 ml 3. 1500 rpm 5 rpm ) 4. supernatant (2900
- 14. NSS 10 ml Centrifugal sedimentat ml Centrifuge tube 2 ml + NSS 10 ml
- 18. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - ml - g NSS centrifuge tube 10% formalin 7 ml mix ether 3 ml mix 1500 rpm rpm ) ether formalin 6. supernatant 5 ml (2900
- 19. 1. % formalin 2. Diethyl ether (Ethyl acetate)
- 20. FECT formalin 7 ml ml Centrifuge tube 2 ml + formalin
- 21. FECT Ether 3 ml ml diethyl ether ml ( eth
- 22. FECT rpm rpm 3
- 23. Ether formalin
- 25. FECT
- 26. Formalin- ether(ethyl acetate) concentration technique cyst , egg ,larva ( trophozoite) . ethyl acetate 3. formalin cyst, , egg , larva , cyst Giardia lambria H. nana
- 28. 1. 2. 15-20 ml g centrifuge tube 3. ether 3 ml 4. 1500 rpm rpm ) 5. ether formalin 6. supernatant % formalin ml mix 5 (2900
- 29. Stool examination Qualitative technique Quantitative technique - Direct smear method of Beaver - Stoll’s dilution egg count - Kato-Katz technique Unconcentration technique Concentration technique - Simple smear Flotation technique - Brine flotation - Sugar flotation - Zinc-sulfate flotation Sedimentation technique - Simple sedimentation - Centrifugal sedimentation - Formalin-ether concentration technique
- 30. • Concentrated brine flotation • Sugar flotation • Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation technique
- 32. Method Feces . - g + saturated NaCl ml cm - cm saturated NaCl cover slip cover slip slide 10-15
- 33. Concentrated brine flotation 1. 1. operculum 2. operculum 2. 3. 1. Ascaris lumbricoides (unfertilized egg) 2. Taenia spp. Egg 3. Schistosoma egg 3. Protozoa cyst
- 34. Reagent Sugar solution (sp.gr.1.180) - Cane sugar - Water - Phenol ml 1,000 g 1,125 ml 10 ml phenol preservation
- 35. Method Feces . - g + sugar solution ml cm - cm sugar solution cover slip cover slip slide 20-30
- 37. Reagent Zinc sulfate solution (sp.gr.1.180) - ZnSO47H2O - Water Zinc 331 sulfate g 1,125 ml
- 38. Feces Method g+ ml ml centrifuge surface film rpm 2 zinc sulfate solution 1 ml zinc sulfate tube sediment centrifuge rpm 1
- 39. wire loop ~ 5 mm suspension loop 2-3 loop cover glass slide
- 40. Zinc sulfate flotation Cyst, Brine flotation
- 41. Stool examination Qualitative technique Quantitative technique - Direct smear method of Beaver - Stoll’s dilution egg count - Kato-Katz technique Unconcentration technique Concentration technique - Simple smear Flotation technique - Brine flotation - Sugar flotation - Zinc-sulfate flotation Sedimentation technique - Simple sedimentation - Centrifugal sedimentation - Formalin-ether concentration technique
- 42. • • • ( • epg : egg per gram )
- 43. • Direct smear method of Beaver • Stoll’s dilution egg count • Kato-Katz technique
- 47. - stoll’s flask ml ( Erlenmayer flask - 0.1 N NaOH - Glass bead 5-10 - stoll’s pipette : 0.15, 0.075 ml ( autopipette 150, 75 ul)
- 48. ml ml ml (4 g) . N NaOH ml glass bead 5-10
- 49. pipette 0.15 ml ( flask slide pipette) cover glass 22x40 mm x dilution factor x factor = / g (epg)
- 50. Dilution factor ?? ml Dilution = 4 ml = 1:15 60 ml (150 u Dilution = 1 x 0.15 = 1 15 Factor = 100 100
- 51. ml ?? ml Dilution = 4 ml = 1:15 60 ml (75 u Dilution = 1 x 0.075 = 1 15 Factor = 200 200
- 53. Formed stool stoll’s dilution egg count ml x dilution factor x factor
- 54. Dilution factor Factor = 40x100x1 = 4000 epg 100
- 56. > : metabolism <
- 58. Reagent Malachite green solution : Malachite green (crystal) 0.3 g Dist. Water 10.0 ml Wetting solution : Glycerine 100 parts Malachite green solution 1.0
- 61. : * Ascaris , Trichuris 4. Light infection
- 62. hookworm, Albuminous layer A. lumbricoides ** hookworm, Opisthorchis 3. Cyst, Trophozoite, Larva
- 63. Kato’s smear 1
- 64. • 1
- 65. • – – – 1.37 mm 3 cm 4 cm 6 mm = 43.7 mg
- 69. feces
- 70. feces
- 72. slide
- 74. slide
- 75. 30
- 77. 1. simple direct exam, Kato-Katz technique request 2. 3-4 Modified FECT Request 3. Stool examination specimen 5 Xerox download Atlas ( Unknown)!! ( 45 )