1. Openness and the Future of Education David Wiley, PhD Department of Instructional Psychology & Technology Brigham Young University

3. Openness… In Education? Let’s begin by defining terms

4. Open, adj . Describes educational artifacts

5. Open Textbooks Open Educational Resources Open Courseware (Open Source Software)

6. Open, adj . Teaching materials freely shared with permissions to engage in the “4R” activities

7. The 4Rs Reuse – copy verbatim Redistribute – share with others Revise – adapt and improve Remix – combine with others

9. Offers easy to use 4R’s licenses

11. 2009 2007 2008 2006 2005 2004 2003 CC Licensed Items Online (Millions) 50 100 150 200 250

12. While Nouns Differ… The operationalizing actions are the same

13. Open, adj . Generous, sharing, giving

14. Your Inner Two-year Old Overcoming the impulse to scream “ Mine!”

15. Law and Policy “Enable” Us To shout “Mine!” ever more loudly, convulse ever more uncontrollably, and hit each other with ever larger toys

16. Society’s Siren Song “ Be selfish. Sue your neighbor. It’s legal. It’s ok.”

17. Education Is Not Immune This kind of thinking is accepted

18. Role of Openness in Education? A terrible, insidious question

19. Openness is the only means of doing education

20. If There Is No Sharing… There is no education

21. Education, n . A relationship of sharing

22. Successful Educators Share most thoroughly with the most students

23. Expertise Is Nonrivalrous Can be given without being given away

24. “ He who receives ideas from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” Thomas Jefferson

25. Teachers Would Be Like Bees! They could only teach once

26. Expressions Are Different To give a book you must give it away

27. Expressions Are Different To give a book you must give it away

28. Expressions Are Different Digital expressions are nonrivalrous n’t ^

29. E.g., Online Book We can all read simultaneously

30. An Indescribable Advance The first time in human history

31. Expertise and Its Expressions Give without giving away

32. Unprecedented Capacity We can share as never before

33. Unprecedented Capacity We can educate as never before

34. (Education Involves More) (It turns out the Internet is pretty good at facilitating these other things as well.)

35. Sharing the Stage Technology always plays opposite it’s nemesis, policy

36. 15 th Century Perhaps the greatest technological advance ever

38. 15 th Century Also the most draconian restrictions on information dissemination ever

39. The Bible Huge demand for vernacular editions, but illegal (and expensive)

40. Instead of Obliging… Ramped up production of “indulgences” and stricter laws against vernacular editions

41. “ Whosoever reads the Scriptures in the mother tongue, shall forfeit land, cattle, life, and goods from their heirs forever, and so be condemned for heretics to God, enemies to the crown, and most arrant traitors to the land.” English Law, 15 th Century

42. Collision Powerful new technology, huge demand, outdated thinking reinforced by law

43. The Reformation Powerful new technology, huge demand, outdated thinking reinforced by law

44. Alas Our day isn’t that different

45. Learning Management Systems Technology used against its own potential made to conceal and withhold

48. “ Lids Down, Please!” Faculty refuse to compete for attention

49. 2008 Professor in Southern US Claimed (C) of his class lectures, declared student notes derivative works, and asserted control over their use

50. Makes Me Wonder… Can they ever become professors? Can they ever be employed?

51. Soaring Demand for Education 120M in post-secondary education worldwide 150M more projected to enter

52. In India Alone, They Need… 2400 new universities in the next 25 years One new university every two weeks

53. Collision Powerful new media and technology, ravenous demand, outdated thinking reinforced by policy

54. Sound Familiar? Education is on the edge of its own Reformation

55. Will We Reform Internally? Or will factions and sects have to split off?

56. What Does Reform Look Like? We only need to look at society around us…

57. Analog  Digital Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers, Movies, Journals, Communications, Intelligence, Defense

58. Tethered  Mobile Phones, Internet Access, Employment

59. Isolated  Connected People, Content, Systems

60. Generic  Personal Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones

61. Consuming  Creating Radio / Podcasting, Newspapers / Blogs Movies / Vodcasting

62. Closed  Open Software (OSs, Applications), Content (Blogs, Wikis)

63. Then vs Now Analog  Digital Tethered  Mobile Isolated  Connected Generic  Personal Consumption  Creating Closed  Open

64. Education vs Everyday Analog  Digital Tethered  Mobile Isolated  Connected Generic  Personal Consumption  Creating Closed  Open

65. “ Daily Divide” Is a Huge Threat And the wider the disconnect, the less relevant higher education feels

66. What About E-learning?

67. What About E-learning? Very innovative in 1995!

68. Characteristics of E-learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Creating Closed or Open

69. Connecting You can’t connect to something if you don’t have access to it

70. Personalizing You can’t adapt or localize something if you don’t have permission

71. Creating You won’t be creative if there’s no outlet for your work

72. How Can We Be More Open? Some examples…

87. How Can We Be More Open? Some examples… on a budget

95. More Open We Are The better education will be

96. Not a Technology Problem Not only do the technologies we need exist, they’re free and open!

97. This Is a Policy Problem Higher education is behaving like the recording and movie industries

98. Policy To Defend Tradition Rather than to facilitate innovation

99. You Must Engage in Policy Reform Ignoring a problem is not a strategy

100. “ It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.” W. E. Deming

101. Don’t Open Up to Avoid Doomsday… Because of what might happen if you don’t

102. Be More Open for Your Students To fulfill your sacred trust as a teacher

103. Role of New Media / Tech Increase our capacity to be open

104. Thank You! [email_address] http://davidwiley.org/