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Infrastructure in
          Africa
Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.
Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.
ICT Indicators from ITU 2007
 Main telephone lines – 3.77/100 people
 Mobile subscribers – 27.48/100 people
 Internet users – 5.34/100 people
 Africa has some 280 million total
  telephone subscribers, of which some
  260 million (over 85%) are mobile cellular
  subscribers, representing the continent
  with the highest ratio of mobile to total
  telephone subscribers of any region in
  the world.
(ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators, 2007)
ICT Indicators from ITU 2007
 It is the region with the highest mobile cellular
  growth rate. Growth over the past 5 years
  averages almost 65% year on year.
 It accounts for 14% of the world’s population,
  but for only around 7% of all fixed and mobile
  subscribers worldwide.
 It has some 50 million Internet users, for an
  Internet penetration of just 5%. Europe’s
  Internet penetration is 8 times higher.
 It has a broadband penetration of more than
  1% in only a few countries. Broadband
  penetration in OECD countries exceeds 18%.
(ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators, 2007)
Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.
Bandwidth Costs
1997-2001   $ 20 Kbps
2002        $ 13 Kpbs
2003        $ 8.90 Kbps
2004        $ 5.0 Kbps
2004        $ 4.2 Kbps
2005        $ 2.33 Kbps

Future      $ 1.00 Kbps or less
Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.
51
                                  52

                                                                 50                                                       UbuntuNet Medium Term Plan

                                                 48




          33/E22
                                  E5         43/E8
                                                           43
   36/E20     38/E18                                                 43
                                   E3       E4                             49                       20                                 4
     37/E19                 E13
                                                      46/E8                                                                    1
        38/E18                                                       44                                                                    32
                   39/E15              E2



                                                      47              45
                                                                                                                                   2
                                                                                                                  3
                                                                                                             15
 Links:                                                                                                           6
                                                                                          17                                       5
                                                                34

Actual                                                 56
                                                                                       19
                                                                                                             9                                  o



                                                                     14                                  7
Funded/Costed                                                                          16                             8



                                                                                               11                     13

UA                                                                         21
                                                                                 10
                                                                                  29
                                                                                                         12
                                                                                                                          31


                                                                                            24                   30
                                                                                                    25

Alternative/Later                                                     22                                      27

                                                                                               28 18
                                                                                23
                                                                                     26
What Does It Mean?
 The data makes it easy to apply a deficit
  model to project planning, but we need to
  start with what we have and how we can build
  off it
 OER projects must work with what is available
  now, not demonstrate what would be possible
  if only the constraints were different
 BUT paradoxically we must hold in our minds
  a vision of a radically different future from the
  one that current trends project – change is
  always surprising because it takes so much
  longer to happen than people think it will but
  happens so much quicker than they expect
What Does it Mean?
 OER projects will never resolve
  infrastructure gaps, but they can help to
  build demand
 Given all of the above, the constraint is
  not infrastructure, it is institutional
  capacity
 OER provides the tools to build that
  capacity from any starting point, and the
  problem is not a lack of human capacity,
  it is a lack of opportunity
Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.

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Infrastructure in Africa - February 2009.

  • 4. ICT Indicators from ITU 2007  Main telephone lines – 3.77/100 people  Mobile subscribers – 27.48/100 people  Internet users – 5.34/100 people  Africa has some 280 million total telephone subscribers, of which some 260 million (over 85%) are mobile cellular subscribers, representing the continent with the highest ratio of mobile to total telephone subscribers of any region in the world. (ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators, 2007)
  • 5. ICT Indicators from ITU 2007  It is the region with the highest mobile cellular growth rate. Growth over the past 5 years averages almost 65% year on year.  It accounts for 14% of the world’s population, but for only around 7% of all fixed and mobile subscribers worldwide.  It has some 50 million Internet users, for an Internet penetration of just 5%. Europe’s Internet penetration is 8 times higher.  It has a broadband penetration of more than 1% in only a few countries. Broadband penetration in OECD countries exceeds 18%. (ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators, 2007)
  • 7. Bandwidth Costs 1997-2001 $ 20 Kbps 2002 $ 13 Kpbs 2003 $ 8.90 Kbps 2004 $ 5.0 Kbps 2004 $ 4.2 Kbps 2005 $ 2.33 Kbps Future $ 1.00 Kbps or less
  • 9. 51 52 50 UbuntuNet Medium Term Plan 48 33/E22 E5 43/E8 43 36/E20 38/E18 43 E3 E4 49 20 4 37/E19 E13 46/E8 1 38/E18 44 32 39/E15 E2 47 45 2 3 15 Links: 6 17 5 34 Actual 56 19 9 o 14 7 Funded/Costed 16 8 11 13 UA 21 10 29 12 31 24 30 25 Alternative/Later 22 27 28 18 23 26
  • 10. What Does It Mean?  The data makes it easy to apply a deficit model to project planning, but we need to start with what we have and how we can build off it  OER projects must work with what is available now, not demonstrate what would be possible if only the constraints were different  BUT paradoxically we must hold in our minds a vision of a radically different future from the one that current trends project – change is always surprising because it takes so much longer to happen than people think it will but happens so much quicker than they expect
  • 11. What Does it Mean?  OER projects will never resolve infrastructure gaps, but they can help to build demand  Given all of the above, the constraint is not infrastructure, it is institutional capacity  OER provides the tools to build that capacity from any starting point, and the problem is not a lack of human capacity, it is a lack of opportunity