1. Siti Aisah Muhammad SES100108
Nusaibah Roslan SES100104
Easha Ramlee SES100085
Maryam Jamilah Md Yusof SES100089

2. 1. Question
2. Study questions
3. Background
4. Central problem
5. Preliminary decision
6. Analysis
7. Final decision

3. A postdoctoral fellow conducting
90-minute experiments

4. Found that the data points tended to
plateau after the first 30 minutes.

5. The postdoc started fabricating those data
points because he conclude that nothing
will happen in the last hour.

6. The postdoc quickly generated data, which
his professor incorporated it in a manuscript
that was then submitted for publication.
Professor

7.  What is the responsibility of the postdoctoral
student towards his supervisor and research
institute?
 What is the responsibility of the supervisor
towards his student and research institute?
 What are the codes of conduct of reporting
and recording data?
 What does religion say about being honest?
 What are the consequences of publishing a
false scientific discovery to the scientific
community?

8. Definition of fabrication
 Fabrication is making up data or results
and recording or reporting them.
(University of Miami, 2013)
University of Miami, (2013). Research misconduct. Retrieved April 4,
2013, from http://uresearch.miami.edu/?p=175

9.  Adding fictitious data to a real data set
collected during an actual experiment for the
purpose of providing additional statistical
validity
 Inserting a clinical note into the research
required to indicate compliance with an
element of the protocol.
University of Miami, (2013). Research misconduct. Retrieved April 4,
2013, from http://uresearch.miami.edu/?p=175
According to Assessing Research Misconduct
Allegations Involving Clinical Research,
fabrication would be alleged in the following
scenarios:

10. In 1974, William Summerlin,
working with immunologist Robert
Good at the Sloan-Kettering Institute
for Cancer Research, reported that he
could transplant tissue from
genetically unrelated animals without
rejection.

11. +

12. However, after Summerlin made a
presentation in Good’s office, a
technician noticed that these
“transplanted patches” were actually
drawn on the skin of the mice with a
marker.
The patches could be removed with
alcohol.
When confronted, Summerlin admitted
the fraud.

13. The postdoctoral student had
violated the code of conduct of
recording and reporting data
in the experiment

14. The professor should not
submit manuscripts for the
publication before checking
and reviewing truthfulness of
the data given by his student

15. Harm test
Professional
test
Mother test
Publicity test
Look at 4 different aspects:
1)Harm test
2)Professional test
3)Mother test
4)Publicity test

16. Professor
His reputation
will be
harmed/ ruin
He may be
expelled from
the University

17. University
The image of the
university may
be affected

18. Scientific
Community
False data will
be accumulated
in new scientific
knowledge

19. In October 2002, the physics community was shaken when it
became known that some ground breaking electronics research
from Bell Labs was based on fraudulent data.
An independent committee found that Jan Hendrik Schön, a Bell
Labs researcher, had made up or altered data at least 16 times
between 1998 and 2001
Thirteen of Schön's disputed findings had been published in
Science and Nature, the New Scientist reported.
The experiments in question were in the areas of
superconductivity, molecular crystals, and molecular electronics
The result already being cited among the scientific community
Research misconduct. Retrieved on 1 may 2013 from
http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_misconduct/foundation/

20. ARTICLE III – Expectations of Conduct
All students will act in a manner that reflects
personal and intellectual honesty.
Lehigh University, Conduct System. (2013). Retrieved 1 May 2013
from http://www.lehigh.edu/~indost/conduct/handbook/sect6.shtml
Student’s responsibilities towards research institute
ARTICLE III: Proscribed Conduct
Any student found to have committed or have
attempted to commit the misconduct or act of
dishonesty is subject to the disciplinary sanctions
WestVirginia University, Student Conduct Code. (2013). Retrieved 1 May 2013 from
http://studentlife.wvu.edu/office_of_student_conduct/student_conduct_code

21. Responsibilities of research supervisor
• Serve as a role model and provide a rich research
environment.
• Monitor and guide the trainee’s progress closely .
• Give timely feedback regarding research finding and
progress.
Gottesman, M. M. (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of research.
Retrieved 6 March 2013 from Jstor database
Responsibilities of trainee
Adherence to the applicable rules and programmatic
constrains related to the needs of the research institution.

22. Responsibilities of a professor toward academic
institution
• Follow the University policy and rules.
• Protect and encourage the faculty in its teaching.
• Demonstrate respect for students as individuals
and adhere to their roles as intellectual guides
and counselors.
• Foster honest academic conduct.
General University Policy Regarding Academic Appointees (1971).
Retrieved 1 May 2013 from www.ucop.edu/academic-
personnel/_files/apm/apm-015.pdf

23. Data collection, analysis and publication
• Procedures are in place to ensure collection of high
quality, accurate data and the integrity and
confidentiality of data during processing and storage.
• The investigator plays a key role in detecting and
preventing scientific misconduct by adopting the role of
guarantor on published output.
Gottesman, M. M. (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of research.
Retrieved 6 March 2013 from Jstor database

24. “Truly Allah guides not one who transgresses and
lies”.
(Surah Ghafir : 28)
Islam
Abdullah Al Araby. (n.d.). Lying in Islam. Islam Review. Retrieved April
4, 2013, from http://www.islamreview.com/articles/lying.shtml

25. From Abdullah bin Mas’ud, Rasulullah S.A.W said:
“Be honest because honesty leads to goodness,
and goodness leads to Paradise. Beware of
falsehood because it leads to immortality, and
immortality leads to Hell”.
(Hadith Bukhari & Muslim)
Abdullah Al Araby.(n.d.). Lying in Islam. Islam Review. Retrieved April 4,
2013, from http://www.islamreview.com/articles/lying.shtml

26. In Islam religion, honesty is praised as a virtue
and in general, lying is forbidden.
But, there are three situations where Muslims
are permitted to lie;
i. In battle
ii. For bringing reconciliation among people
iii. The narration of the words of the husband
to his wife, and the narration of the words
of a wife to her husband

27. They who falsely declare: "That
happened" about what did not happen,
or: "I did not do that" about what they
actually did, they earn themselves a
ticket to grilling in Hell.
(Dhammapada 306)
Buddhism

28. In Dhammapada 306, the word ‘they’
refers to two kinds of people who will
go to hell because of their bad attitude.
The one who tells lies about others and
another one who has done evils and
says, “I did not do it”.
Lying in any form will lead to hell or
miserable rebirth.

29. "Honesty guides good people; dishonesty
destroys treacherous people”
(Proverbs 11:3)
Christian:
Mahoney, K.(n.d.). What the Bible Says about Honesty and Truth.
Christian Teens. Retrieved April 4, 2013, from
http://christianteens.about.com/od/whatthebiblesaysabout/f/HonestyTr
ust.htm

30. In Christians, being honest is not
always easy. They know how easy it is
to fall into sin. Therefore, their
followers need to work at being
truthful.
Loyalty makes a person attractive. It
is better to be poor than dishonest.

31. Situation in this case
Fabricated data of an experiment by
postdoctoral without notifying his
professor
The professor do not check and
review the data before submit it for
publication

32. Effects of this action
The university image will be tarnished
Knowledge in scientific discoveries
has been seriously affected.
Therefore, the professor should
reviewing the data given by his
student before submit it for
publication purposes.

33. The professor should check
and review truthfulness of the
data before submitting it for
publication purpose because it
will affect our new scientific
discoveries

34.  Abdullah Al Araby. (n.d.). Lying in Islam. Islam Review. Retrieved
April 4,2013, from
http://www.islamreview.com/articles/lying.shtml
 Mahoney, K.(n.d.). What the Bible Says about Honesty andTruth.
ChristianTeens. Retrieved April 4, 2013, from
http://christianteens.about.com/od/whatthebiblesaysabout/f/H
onestyTrust.htm
 University of Miami, (2013). Research misconduct. Retrieved
April 4, 2013, from http://uresearch.miami.edu/?p=175
 Research misconduct. Retrieved on 1 may 2013 from
http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_misconduct/founda
tion/

35.  Lehigh University ,Conduct System. (2013). Retrieved 1
May 2013 from
http://www.lehigh.edu/~indost/conduct/handbook/sect6.
shtml
 WestVirginia University, Student Conduct Code. (2013).
Retrieved 1 May 2013 from
http://studentlife.wvu.edu/office_of_student_conduct/st
udent_conduct_code
 Gottesman, M. M. (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of
research. Retrieved 6 March 2013 from Jstor database
 General University Policy Regarding Academic
Appointees (1971). Retrieved 1 May 2013 from
www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel/_files/apm/apm-
015.pdf

36. Thank you

37.  Grammar mistakes
 Harm test – should include how the actor will
be harmed
 Background cases – effects of publishing false
data
 Publicity test – should include the decision of
ethics experts about this situation
 The explanation given verbally must be
included in the slide.