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Issue 44

  • 1. 1ISSUE 43 SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL, 3 ISSUES PER YEAR JANUARY - APRIL 2016 Published by the Greek Nursing Studies Association (GNSA) ISSUE 44 INDEXED IN SCOPUS, ΕΒSCO, CINAHL ISSN 22413960 • Breast cancer screening in the municipality of Nicosia, Cyprus, and association with determinants • Qualitative study of care in oncology • Nurses’attitudes towards advocacy and support of potential organs donors and their families • Evaluating the needs children with cancer have, by using an interactive tool (SISOM) PUBLICATIONS οcelotos
  • 2. 2
  • 3. 3ISSUE 43 Scientific Journal, 3 Issues per Year Published by the Greek Nursing Studies Association (GNSA) Nursing Care AND Research EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Chryssoula Lemonidou, RN, MSc, PhD, Professor of Nursing, University of Athens CO-EDITORS Eleni Apostolopoulou, RN, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Nursing, University of Athens Ioannis Elefsiniotis, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Panagiota Sourtzi, RN, MSc, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Olga Siskou, RN, M.Sc. Ph.D, Faculty of Nursing, Univer- sity of Athens, President of the Greek Nursing Stud- ies Association EDITORIAL BOARD Lambros Anthopoulos, Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens George Baltopoulos, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nurs- ing, University of Athens Thalia Bellali, RN, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Thes- saloniki Konstantinos Birbas, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Gerasimos Bonatsos, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nurs- ing, University of Athens Charalambos Economou, Associate Professor, Depart- ment of Sociology, Panteion University, Margarita Giannakopoulou, MSc, PhD, Associate Pro- fessor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Leonidas Grigorakos, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Michael Igoumenidis, Faculty of Nursing, Technologi- cal Educational Institute of Western Greece Dafni Kaitelidou, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Ioannis Kaklamanos, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Maria Kalafati, RN, MSc, PhD, Faculty of Nursing, Uni- versity of Athens Athina Kalokerinou, RN, PhD, Professor of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Evangelos Konstantinou, RN, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Vassiliki Matziou, RN, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nurs- ing, University of Athens Pavlos Myrianthefs, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nurs- ing, University of Athens Elisabeth Patiraki, RN, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens Sotiris Plakas, RN, MSc, PhD, General Hospital of At- tika «Sismanoglion» Olga Siskou, RN, MSc, PhD, Faculty of Nursing, Uni- versity of Athens, President of the Greek Nursing Studies Association EleniTheodossopoulou, Professor, Faculty of Nurs- ing, University of Athens INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD John Albarran, Principal Lecturer in Critical Care Nursing, University of the West of England, Bris- tol, UK Maria Katopodi, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Michigan, USA Katerina Labrinou, PhD, Assistant Professor in Nurs- ing, Cyprus University of Technology Anastasia Mallidou, RN, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Victoria, Canada Anastasios Merkouris, RN, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology Evridiki Papastavrou, PhD, Assistant Professor in Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology Elisabeth D.E. Papathanassoglou, RN, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology Julie Scholes, Professor of Nursing, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK Riita Suhonen, RN, PhD, Profes sor, University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science, Turku, Finland
  • 4. 4
  • 5. 5ISSUE 43 Contents NursingCare AND Research Published by the Greek Nursing Studies Association (GNSA) Publisher and Editor-in-Chief: Chryssoula Lemonidou Address: 123, Papadiamantopoulou st., 115 27 - Athens, GREECE Tel.: +30 210-7461485 e-mail: info@nursingstudies.gr Technical publisher: Ocelotos publishing Annual Subscriptions 2012 for Εlectronic Version Public Services, Libraries, Companies, Organisations: € 30,00 Individual Subscriptions: € 20,00 © Copyright 2007 - 2014: All rights reserved. The reproduction of articles (or parts of them) is prohibited without permission of the publisher and the writers. Instructions to Authors���������������������������������������������������������������������12 REVIEW Breast cancer screening in the municipality of Nicosia, Cyprus, and association with determinants������������������ 23 PapapetrouI.,CharalambousG.,Sissouras A.,JelastopuluE. ORIGINAL PAPER Qualitative study of care in oncology�������������������������������35 KarlouCh.,VouzavaliF.,LemonidouCh.,PapathanassoglouE.,Zafiropoulou-Koutrouba A.,KatsaragakisS.,PatirakiE. ORIGINAL PAPER Nurses’attitudes towards advocacy and support of potential organs donors and their families����������������������51 P.Galanis,A.Kalli,K.Stratis,A.Bilali REVIEW Evaluating the needs children with cancer have, by using an interactive tool (SISOM)��������������������������������������� 67 StamoularaA.,TsimicalisA.,RulandM.C.,MatziouV.
  • 6. 6 GENERAL INFORMATION 1. “Nursing Care and Research” publishes, fol- lowing peer review, articles in Greek or English, contributing to the understanding and devel- opment of all aspects of nursing care. The Ed- itorial Department receives manuscripts relat- ing to nursing practice, research, education and management, with scientific, theoretical or philosophical basis. 2. Papers published in the journal belong to one of the following categories: a) research studies, b) literature reviews and c) articles re- lating to developments in nursing practice, education and management. Additionally, let- ters (no longer than 500 words), including re- views or comments on previously published work, are published if submitted within two (2) months from the publication of the research concerned. 3. Manuscripts must be submitted exclusive- ly to the “Nursing Care and Research” journal, they must not have been published in print or electronic form, or undergo peer review at an- other journal or medium at the time of sub- mission. The Editorial Director decides time of publication and reserves the right to change manuscript format; however, large or substan- tial changes are made only following author consent. Authors should avoid submitting two man- uscripts from the same study without clear justification. Also, they should not include in new work material from background litera- ture reviews that have already been published (eg avoidance of self-plagiarism). In the event that two papers emerge from the same re- search study, presenting different aspects of the work at hand, they must be submitted in- dependently and not as two parts of the same article. Each article should be autonomous and must not include the other, although cross - references can be made. When a com- plete description of the research methodology is made in the first article a brief description is sufficient in the the second provided the first is adequately referenced. Generally, one should avoid publishing numerous individual papers emanating from the same study (“salami slic- ing”) and instead should focus on the different aspects and research findings within a single publication. If the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors must complete and send via fax at 00302107461485 the Non-Publication in An- other Medium Form, which forms part of the supporting files as required in the submission process. Instructions for Authors MISSION AND AIM OF THE JOURNAL “Nursing Care and Research” is a peer-reviewed journal accepting manuscripts from researchers from Greece and abroad. Its mission is to contribute to the development of nursing science and practice in Greece as well as internationally. The aim is to promote and disseminate new knowledge and research data for eventual application in clinical practice. To this end, nurses and other affiliated researchers are invited to submit high-calibre manuscripts in Greek or English. The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews, theoretical or philosophical articles, interesting clinical cases and methodological articles from experts. Nursing Care and Research is recognized at national level (FEK issue B 1961/23-9-2008) and is indexed at the CINHAL, EBSCO and SCOPUS International Databases.
  • 7. 7ISSUE 43 4. Author participation in the drafting pro- cess All authors cited in a manuscript must have ac- tively contributed to the conception and de- sign of the study and/or the analysis and in- terpretation of data and/or in drafting the manuscript and all should have analysed and approved the content of the final version sub- mitted for publication. Participation only in the funding-seeking process or data collection does not justify listing among the authors, and can be acknowledged in the Acknowledge- ment section. For this reason, when several au- thors are cited, a separate letter is required ex- plaining in detail the contribution of each (eg methodological design, statistical analysis and interpretation, drafting of final text, reviewing and editing, literature review etc). The editori- al department reserves the right to contact au- thors to obtain clarifications on specific issues. 5. Submission process Manuscriptsforpublicationaresubmittedelec- tronically via e-mail: info@nursingstudies.gr in Word for Windows format. Figures, tables, graphics and images (only black white) are to be submitted in separate files in JPEG, GIF, TIFF, Microsoft PowerPoint and Excel formats. Authors are advised to confirm that their work has been received by contacting the Secre- tariat on weekdays between 10.00-16.00, tel: 00302106512282. In addition, authors should always maintain a copy of their work. 6. Periodicity The journal is published three (3) times per year (quarterly) and includes research pa- pers submitted exclusively by its subscribers. The author or at least one of the authors of any manuscripts submitted must already be a registered subscriber of the journal or a paid member of the Nursing Studies Society for the current year. 7. Retention of material Authors are advised that submitted manu- scripts are kept in record for one month af- ter publication. If there is a request for the re- turn of any material it should be clearly stated when manuscripts are being submitted. Organisation and format 8. Script: Texts should be double-spaced, with font size 12 and 2.5 cm white margin on all sides of each A4 page. All pages must be numbered in the lower right corner and the figures, tables, graphics and photos are to be submitted in separate pages, in continuous numbering. 9. Identification Page: The first page of each manuscript includes the title (up to 15 words) and the names of the authors in Greek and En- glish. Each author name is accompanied by qualifications, the last professional title, em- ployer, mailing and e-mail address and tele- phone number. In case of several authors, the name of the author to whom inquiries regard- ing the paper should be directed must be indi- cated (corresponding author). The authors of research studies cannot exceed six (6), apart from exceptional circumstanc- es when it comes to multi-disciplinary, large- scale multicenter studies. The authors of oth- er types of manuscripts cannot exceed two (2). All authors listed in the manuscript must have made an active contribution to the conception and design of the study and/or the analysis and interpretation of data and/or in the draft- ing of the manuscript and everyone should have studied and approved the final version submitted for publication. Participation only in the funding-seeking process or data collec- tion does not justify listing among the authors, and can be acknowledged in the Acknowledg- ment section. The identification page will be stored at the journal’s Secretariat office until the comple- tion of each anonymous peer review, receiv- ing a code number communicated to the au- thor via e-mail. With this number the author can request information on the progress of their manuscript following submission. 10. Title Page: Immediately after the identi- fication page, follows the title page, which in- cludes the title and the running title of the pa- per. The running title will appear in Greek and
  • 8. 8 English language and cannot exceed five (5) words. This page does not list names of au- thors or any other item that violates their ano- nymity during the peer-review process. 11. AbstractsandKeywords:The title page is followed by the abstracts (up to 250 words) in Greek and English, which will accurately sum- marize the content of the work. The abstract includes a) introduction, b) aim(s), c) method- ology, d) results and e) conclusion, and must not contain bibliographical references and ab- breviations. Each abstract is followed by up to six (6) keywords that indicate the content, pur- pose and focus of the manuscript. 12. Main body of work: The area of ​​the main body of the manuscript should be 2,000-5,000 words (excluding abstracts, tables and bibliog- raphy). Short manuscripts (up to 2,500 words in the main body and up to fifteen (15) refer- ences) are particularly welcome. This option is recommended for the dissemination of small- scale research studies of outstanding val- ue, without the possibility of extrapolations or repetition. In addition, smaller-scale man- uscripts are more likely to reach publication stage faster. The manuscript should include headings to further clarify text sections. Proposed head- ings include: a) introduction, b) literature re- view, c) aims, d) research questions and assumptions, e) sample f) data collection pro- cess, g) reliability and validity, h) ethical issues, i) data analysis, j) results, k) discussion, l) lim- itations of the study,m) conclusions and rel- evance to nursing practice, n) acknowledg- ments etc. Headings must be selected and adapted to content needs and their hierarchi- cal order should be clearly distinguishable; for example first level headings should appear in upper case and bold fonts, second level head- ings in lower case and bold fonts, third level headings in italics and so on and so forth. Study population anonymity and informed consent In order to ensure anonymity, the manuscript should not include the names of specific in- dividuals, hospitals or other entities, without their explicit consent. Furthermore, patients retain a fundamental right in regards to re- specting their privacy which should not be in- fringed without their informed consent. How- ever, in those cases where the authors consider that certain personal patient data are essen- tial for scientific purposes (such as patient ini- tials or photographs or names of hospitals) in- formed consent is necessary. This means that authors are required to show the final version of their work (with the accompanying files: Im- ages and Annexes) prior to submission to the journal and receive written consent from the patients. In each case, the authors should make an ef- fort to ensure the greatest possible degree of patient anonymity. For example, covering the eye area in photos does not fully ensure the anonymity of the depicted. Changes in some patient characteristics is the technique rec- ommended to authors, provided that these changes do not distort/misinterpret the re- search results. Such changes should always be communicated to the publisher along with as- surances that these changes will not result in any “alteration” of a scientific nature. Obtain- ing of the written informed consent should be stated in the methodology section, in the final text of the submitted manuscript. ADHERING TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS CODE OF CONDUCT Should authors publish results of studies con- ducted on humans, the methodology section should indicate whether they were conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Human Rights, (Helsinki 1975) as revised in 2004. Should certain processes deviate from these principles, these must be methodolog- ically outlined and justified. Specifically, concerning clinical studies (in- vasive or not), authors should indicate, in the methodology section whether they were con- ducted upon approval of the National Agency
  • 9. 9ISSUE 43 for Medicines (EOF) in accordance with Minis- terial Decision DYG 3/89292 Gazette V1973/31- 12-2003 (aligned with Directive 2001/20/EC). It should also be indicated that data is histori- cal and should be referred to in the past tense. The time of data collection should be reported in both the abstract and the main text. For ex- ample, in the case of empirical studies, this can be stated thus: “Data collection was carriedout during 2007” or “Data collection was performed over 18 months, in the 2006-2007 period.” Note that the “Nursing Care and Research” journal does not publish studies citing data older than five (5) years, unless current relevance is suffi- ciently justified. In qualitative studies, individu- als should refer to numbers or aliases (in quotes) and mentions should be balanced equally across the full range of responses. In the case of reviews, the year of the review should be reported and the range of publica- tion years of the studies reviewed should be reported. Such details should be mentioned in historical studies. The statistical tests used, ought to be defined and, where necessary, documented with references. Abbreviations and symbols should be used rarely and only in the case of names or expres- sions of extensive length. The full names or ex- pressions will be referred to during first use, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. In any case, abbreviations will follow the rules set out by the Royal Society of Medicine Press. 13. Conficts of interest Public confidence in the peer-review process depends partly on the management of any conflicting interests arising in the writing, eval- uation and final publication decision as artic- ulated by the editorial department. Conflicts of interest arise when an author (or the institu- tion to which the author belongs to), a review- er or the Managing Editor maintain financial or personal relationships that can in a negative way affect their actions/judgment regarding the manuscript submitted to the journal. More specifically, according to the requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals (as issued in February 2006 by the Internation- al Committee of Medical Journals Publishers) conflicting interests arise when financial rela- tionships exist (eg employer – employee, own- ership of property, financial honorary prizes, and paid expert opinions) and these are the most easily identifiable cases and those that most often undermine the credibility of the journal, the publishers, the authors and the sci- entific endeavours in general. However, con- flicting interests may arise for other reasons as well such as poor interpersonal relationships, academic competition etc. Authors must indicate at the end of the text and prior to the references section if they con- sider that the peer review of their work may be affected or not by the existence of any conflict of interest as described above. 14. Sources of funding Authors should indicate details (entity name, contact information, amount awarded) of all funding sources from which their research benefitted. Examples of such sources in- clude: medical or non-medical interest com- pany funds, scholarships, national or Europe- an Community grants, support from scientific bodies (eg scientific societies, non -profit insti- tutions etc.). It should also be indicated if the work was carried out as part of a national or transnational program, financed by nation- al or international sources. In this case, full de- tails of the program (awarding body, duration, amount of funding, etc.) must be disclosed. This information should be listed in a separate section following the conflicts of interest sec- tion. 15. Acknowledgements The funding sources section is followed by the optional Acknowledgements section, stat- ing the names and affiliations of all those who contributed (eg through the provision of pri- mary data, or by reviewing the text or provid- ing their opinion) to the drafting of the man- uscript (apart from the authors). This section
  • 10. 10 should acknowledge any sponsors donating materials and tools required for the research. 16. Bibliographic References: Bibliograph- ic references in the text should indicate the names of the authors followed by the date in chronological order, eg. (Lewis 1975, Barnett 1992, Chalmers 1994). When there are more than two authors, the name of the first author followed by et al., eg. (Barder et al. 1994), is ref- erenced in the text but all authors should be listed in the bibliography. When quotes are used in the text, the page should be referred to eg. (Chalmers 1994, p.7). All references must be from primary sources. The literature list follows the Harvard system, written in alphabetical order based on the sur- name of the first author. The list should in- clude authors’ surnames and initials, the date of publication, article title, full name of journal, volume number (and issue number if the vol- ume pages are not consecutive) and the first and last page of the article. When the refer- ence applies to a book, the author, the date, the title, followed by the publisher and the city must be stated. When the reference applies to a chapter in a book, details on the author(s) of the book, the date, place of publication and publisher must be provided. These references that are said to be “in press”, shall be accepted only if accompanied by a letter of acceptance from the journal in question. Examples: Williams N. (2001). Patient resuscitation follow- ing major thermal trauma. Nursing in Critical Care: 6: 115-121 Muller D, Harns P, Watley L. (1986). Nursing Children: Psychology Research and Practice. London: Harper Row. Lewis T, Hell J. (1992). Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobinuria. In: Hall J, Schmidt G, Wood L. (eds), Principles of Critical Care, Volume 2. New York: McGraw Hill. Websites are refencees as follows: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2000) Final appraisal determination: Drugs for early thrombolysis in the treatment of acute myo- cardial infarction, NICE, www.nice.org.uk/ar- ticle.asp?a =36672. Last access on 7 October 2006. 17. Figures , Tables , Graphics , Photos : Tables must be referred to herein as Tables, numbered in the order they are presented, eg as Table 1, Table 2, etc. and incorporated in the correct place in the body of the text. All imag- es, including photos, must be referred to here- in as Figures and numbered in the order they are presented, eg Figure 1, Figure 2 etc. They must also be captioned and may be accom- panied by a legend not exceeding thirty (30) words. Figures of all forms will cover a single column (width 86mm) or two columns when needed (width 177mm). The journal reserves the right to adjust the size of figures for tech- nical reasons. When material (including figures, tables, etc.) that has already been published elsewhere ap- pears in the manuscript, the written permis- sion of the original authors (or those who own the copyright of said material) must be ob- tained. The authors of published papers are fully liable for any copyright infringement. Peer-review process 18. All submitted work is reviewed (anony- mously) by two (2) independent referees/re- viewers and, if they contain complex statistical methodologies by a statistician as well. Re- viewers decide whether an article is a) accept- ed, b) requires modifications or c) rejected. In case of disagreement among the reviewers, the Managing Editor will reach a final decision, taking into account all reviewer comments. If the reviewers suggest modifications, the manuscript is returned by the journal secretar- iat to the corresponding author for redrafting and resubmission within six weeks from the date the comments were made (the review process spans usually 6-8 weeks and in some cases can reach up to 10 weeks). During resub- mission, authors are required to indicate the modifications they have carried out in accor- dance to reviewer instructions in a letter to the Managing Editor. The modified manuscript is forwarded to the reviewers if deemed neces-
  • 11. 11ISSUE 43 sary, and they confirm whether or not modi- fications comply with their recommendations. At that point the Managing Editor reaches the final decision to publish the article. 19. Electronic Reprint: Following publica- tion, the corresponding author will receive an electronic reprint of the article in PDF format. Electronic reprints will be distributed by him/ her to the other authors. The journal does not issue printed reprints of published work. COPYRIGHT 20. In order to publish any article in the “Nurs- ing Care and Research” journal, the authors are asked to grant this exclusive right to the Soci- ety for Nursing Studies. Along with the draft for modifications the authors receive an Au- thorization for Exclusive Publication form which must be filled, signed and returned by mail (or by email as a pdf file) to the journal, along with the modified manuscript. When a paper is derived from an extensive re- search study and the same or other authors have prepared additional papers, which have been published or submitted for publication in this or other journals, the corresponding author must notify the Managing Editor so as to ensure that third party copyright is not in- fringed. Any impact emanating from copyright infringement lies exclusively with the authors of published articles and the journal will pro- ceed with all necessary actions. FINAL NOTE Subscribers preparing manuscripts for publi- cation in the “Nursing Care and Research” jour- nal are requested to adhere to these Instruc- tions for Authors carefully in order to avoid delays in the publication of their work and the publication of new volumes of the journal.
  • 12. 12 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Within the framework of the “Healthy Cities” program in 2013-2014 data was collected regarding the health status of the citi- zens of Nicosia. In addition to other information, the present survey included data from mam- mography screening in females. PURPOSE: Investigation of breast cancer screen- ing program for women aged ≥40 years old and association with potential determinants. METHODOLOGY: Based on the 2011 census, a representative stratified sample of women living in Nicosia was chosen. In the sample, 297 wom- en (≥40 years old) answered face-to-face inter- views concerning the screening of breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of IBM SPSS 22. RESULTS: A total of 231 (77.8%) women under- took mammography. 43.1% performed their first mammogram between 40-49 years and 21.9% between 50-59 years. Women aged 70 years and older are 10 times less likely to take a mammog- raphy compared with women of 50-69 years old (OR=0.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03- 0.37, p=0.001). The mammography screening rates of women aged 40-49 years do not differ significantly with those of the target population, i.e. women 50-69 years (OR=1.00, 95% CI:0.44- 2.27, p=0.994). Higher mammography screening rate was observed in married/partnered women compared to singles (OR=7.49, 95% CI:2.84- 19.77, p0.001), as well as in widowed/divorced/ separated compared to singles (OR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.21-9.25, p=0.020). Cypriot women are 4.78 times more likely to take a mammography com- pared with other nationalities (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.51, p=0.001). Finally, unemployed women are 5.45 times more likely to take a mammogra- phy compared to retired women (OR=5.45, 95% CI: 1.03-28.99, p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Mammography screening rates for women aged ≥40 years in the municipality of Nicosia are high and are associated with age, marital status, occupational status and nationali- ty. Women aged 70 years and older as well as un- employed women show lower screening rates, while in married/partnered and Cypriot women higher screening rates are revealed. KEYWORDS: breast cancer screening, mam- mography, Nicosia ORIGINAL PAPER Breast cancer screening in the municipality of Nicosia, Cyprus, and association with determinants Papapetrou I., Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick 2Strovolos Health Centre of Nicosia, Cyprus. Charalambous G., Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University of Nicosia, Cyprus. General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio” of Athens, Greece. Coordinator MSc in Health Management, Frederick University Nicosia, Cyprus. Sissouras A., Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University of Nicosia, Cyprus. Department of Operational Research and Management, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. Jelastopulu E., Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University of Nicosia, Cyprus. Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. Corresponding Author: Irini Papapetrou, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus, 15 Kykladon, 2062 Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus, Tel:+357 99 622200 Fax: +357 22 758930 E-mail: renapapapetrou@cytanet.com.cy
  • 13. 13ISSUE 43 ABSTRACT BACKGROUND : The care is the core concept and key element of nursing. Over time in oncol- ogy, nursing approach varies considerably in the different settings providing care. AIM: To explore the Greek nurses’ perceptions for the care provided in the specialist oncology hospital. METHOD: The study enrolled 18 nurses (17 fe- males and 1 male) who were selected based on purposeful sampling and they were working in the pathological wards in three oncological hospitals in Attica. To collect data, three focus groups were held lasting 120 minutes each. The data were analyzed according to the direct con- tent analysis, based on Watson’s theory. RESULTS:The results of content analysis sup- ported the categorization according toWatson’s theory, while was resulting the new categories of the multi-faceted concept of care in oncol- ogy, empathy, communication and information and fear of cancer. Moreover, it was found that in all categories, the factors of time and person- al view of their role influenced the expression of care provided. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses perceive care as a com- plex, unique and multi-faceted concept that their expression is influenced primarily by pro- fessional perceptions of their role and the dis- ease. KEYWORDS: oncology nursing, qualitative re- search, caring. ORIGINAL PAPER Qualitative study of care in oncology Karlou Ch., RN, BSc, MSc, PhD Colonel Nurse in Air Force, Head Nurse Oncology Hematology Ward Air Force Hospital Vouzavali F., Vocational High School of Nurse, Assistants Laboratory Instructor, Technological Educational Institute of Athens Lemonidou Ch., Professor, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Nursing Papathanassoglou E., Associate Professor, Critical Care Nursing Head, Department of Nursing, Director, Masters Program in Advanced Practice University of Technology, Department of Nursing Nicosia,Cyprus. Zafiropoulou- Koutroubas A., MSc, Clinical Psychologist, Children’s Hospital ‘‘A P Kyriakou’’Oncology Department, Athens Katsaragakis S., RN, MSc, PhD, Lecturer National University of Peloponisos Faculty of Human, Movement and Quality of Life Sciences in Sparta, Departement of Nursing Patiraki E., Professor National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Nursing CorrespondingAuthor: Ch. Karlou, 43 Erechthiou str. 12137 Athens, TEL:+30 210 5716370, FAX: +30 210 7467476, xk21565@ gmail.com
  • 14. 14 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The positive attitude of nurses towards organ transplantations can influence positively the decision of potential organ donors and their families. AIM: To investigate the attitude of Cypriot and British nurses regarding the advocacy and support of potential organ donors and their families. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 156 nurses in intensive care units in Cyprus and England. Nurses completed anonymously the questionnaire “Attitudes Towards Organ Donor Advocacy Scale” during January-March 2016. Data analysis was performed with the statistical package IBM SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: Mean age of nurses in Cyprus was 34.5 years, while in England was 33.6 years. Nurses in Cyprus have cared more often for patients who suffered from a catastrophic brain injury with cir- culatory and ventilator support (p=0.005), while nurses in England have participated more often in the family approach for organ donation in collaboration with the Organ Procurement Or- ganization (p=0.02). Nurses in England felt more comfortable in the family approach for organ donation (p=0.01) and they have decided more often to donate their organs after their death (p0.001). Nurses in England had more positive attitudes toward actions to safeguard the wishes of the potential donor and to support donor’s family. CONCLUSION: Nurses in England had more positive attitude than nurses in Cyprus. KEYWORDS: attitudes, family, organ donation, organ transplantation, nurses, potential donor ORIGINAL PAPER Nurses’ attitudes towards advocacy and support of potential organs donors and their families P. Galanis, RN, MPH, PhD, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, University of Athens A. Kalli, RN, MSc, European University of Cyprus K. Stratis, RN, MSc, European University of Cyprus A. Bilali, RN, MSc, PhD, Children’s Hospital “P. A. Kiriakou” Correspondingauthor: Petros Galanis, 67 Mikras Asias St., GR-11527, Athens, Phone number: (210) 7781044, 6944387354, e-mail: pegalan@nurs.uoa.gr
  • 15. 15ISSUE 43 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The holistic confrontation of the problems that children with cancer have, premises a valid evaluation of them. PURPOSE: A review about the effect of the in- teractive tool (Sisom), on the recognition of the problems that children with cancer have, aiming to the improvement of the care provided. METHOD: Review of the electronic bases Pub- med, Medline and Google, for the years 2002 – 2013, using as key – words: «Children with Cancer», «Health Professionals», «Nurses», «Com- munication Problems», «Symptoms», «Expres- sion», «Interactive Tools», «Communication Tools» and «Sisom». In total, 191 articles were found, by which 8 were finally selected as related. RESULTS:The evaluation of needs and problems children with cancer have, is achieved by the ef- fective communication with the nurse and by using valid and reliable tools. It is observed that children do not always express their feelings, needs or problems and as a result, they remain unsolved. Recently, Ruland and co. created an interactive tool (Sisom), that gives children with cancer“a voice”to express their needs and helps nurses at its evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Using evaluation tools is a ne- cessity, if we wish for a valid evaluation of symp- toms and problems children with cancer have. The use of Sisom in daily practice, has a positive effect in recognizing and solving the needs and problems children with cancer have. Evaluating the needs children with cancer have, by using an interactive tool (SISOM) Stamoulara A. , RN, MS(c), Pediatric Oncology Unit at “MITERA” Hospital TsimicalisA.,RN,PhD,AssistantProfessor,IngramSchoolofNursing,FacultyofMedicine,McGillUniversity Ruland M. C., RN, PhD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Informatics,  Columbia University, New York - Adjunct Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City - Adjunct Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover - Director, Center for Shared Decision Making and Nursing Research, Rikshospitalet National Hospital Oslo, Norway MatziouV., Professor, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Corresponding author: Stamoulara A. , Thalias 5, Peristeri, Athens, 12135, Τel. 210 – 5734139, 6974648160, E-mail.a.stamoulara@windowslive.com REVIEW
  • 16. 16 Vatatzi 55, 114 73 Athens, Greece ΤEL. : 210 6431108 E-MAIL: ekdoseis.ocelotos@gmail.com www. ocelotos. gr